Alice Leigh-Smith (née Prebil), born September 11, 1907, was a Croatian born nuclear physicist. She is best known for being the first woman in British history to receive a PhD in nuclear physics.[1] Additionally, she is remembered for her pioneering research in cancer and for her attempts in the discovery of an elusive element, Element 85.
Dr. Alice Leigh-Smith | |
|---|---|
| Born | Alice Prebil September 11, 1907 Karlovac, Općina Karlovac, Karlovac County, Croatia |
| Died | 1987 France |
| Known for | First British woman to receive a PhD in nuclear physics |
| Spouse | Philip Leigh-Smith |
| Children | Christopher Leigh Smith |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Nuclear physics |
| Institutions | Curie Institute University of Bern |
Professional life
editAt the age of 25 in 1932, Prebil began working at the Radium Institute in Paris under the tutelage of Marie Curie. Three years later, in 1935, at the age of 28, she would become the first woman in Great Britain to receive a PhD in nuclear physics.[2] It is accepted that Leigh-Smith defended her thesis in London, however it is currently unknown from what university she was granted her degree.[3]
Dr. Alice Leigh-Smith was also involved in the use of radioactive substances as a treatment for cancer. From 1936, she conducted cancer research as part of the British Empire cancer campaign. From 1938 to 1940, during the Second World War, Alice Leigh-Smith was at the University of Bern in Switzerland, where she continued her work.[2][3] In January 1943, the anticipation of results from her study regarding the treatment of cancer with radioactive substances was published in the London Times.[2] However, no results are available for current analysis.
In 1942, Leigh-Smith and a Swiss chemist, Walter Minder jointly announced the discovery of element 85 (now called astatine)[4] in 1942.[5] They proposed the name anglohelvetium for the new element, in order to honor both of their home countries- "anglo" for Leigh-Smith's England and "Helvetia" after the personification of Minder's country- Switzerland.[5] This was Minder's second attempt at discovering the element. It was later proven that Walter Minder and Alice Leigh-Smith had not discovered element 85, after the failure of their results to be replicable.[4][6]
Personal life
editIn 1933, at the age of 26, she married Philip Leigh-Smith, a British diplomat and son of the Arctic explorer Benjamin Leigh-Smith.[1][7] His published comedy, "Ladies in Diplomacy" is purportedly based on the adventures of his wife, Alice.
Alice Leigh-Smith, had one child by her husband Philip Leigh-Smith. Christopher Leigh-Smith was Alice's only child and is alive today, acting as an entrepreneur based in Switzerland.[7]
Legacy
editCurrently, a portion of Alice Leigh-Smith's private archives are in the possession of the Curie Institute for the Curie Museum. The records are accessible by appointment only.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Scerri, Eric (2013-05-20). A Tale of Seven Elements. Oxford University Press. p. 229. ISBN 9780199875030.
Alice Leigh-Smith.
- ^ a b c Stanley, A (1993). Mothers and daughters of invention : Notes for a revised history of technology. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8135-2197-8.
- ^ a b c ABES. "Calames". www.calames.abes.fr. Retrieved 2017-12-25.
- ^ a b Nefedov, VD; Norseev, Yu V; Toropova, M A; Khalkin, Vladimir A (1968). "Astatine". Russian Chemical Reviews. 37 (2): 87. Bibcode:1968RuCRv..37...87N. doi:10.1070/RC1968v037n02ABEH001603.
- ^ a b Leigh-Smith, Alice; Minder, Walter (1942). "Experimental Evidence of the Existence of Element 85 in the Thorium Family". Nature. 150 (3817): 767–768. Bibcode:1942Natur.150..767L. doi:10.1038/150767a0.
- ^ Karlik, B; Bernert, T (1942). "Über eine vermutete ß-Strahlung des Radium A und die natürliche Existenz des Elementes 85". Naturwissenschaften. 30 (44–45): 685. Bibcode:1942NW.....30..685K. doi:10.1007/BF01487965.
- ^ a b "www.leigh-smith.org". leigh-smith.org. Retrieved 2017-12-25.
Benjamin Leigh-Smith Arctic Explorer Image of Alice Leigh-Smith