Alexander Epiktetovich Olarovsky (also spelled Aleksandr and Olarovski / Olarovskii, Russian: Александр Эпиктетович Оларовский; 1845–1910[1]) was a diplomat of Imperial Russia who served as the first Russian envoy to Siam (now Thailand), from 1898 to 1907. He was instrumental in the establishment of relations between the two countries under the reigns of Russia's Tsar Nicholas II and Siam's King Chulalongkorn (Rama V).
Biography edit
Olarovsky previously served as consul-general to the United States in San Francisco and in New York, and was appointed as chargé d'affaires and consul-general to Siam in December 1897, following the establishment of diplomatic relations during Chulalongkorn's visit to Russia that year. He arrived in Bangkok in April 1898, and was raised to resident minister in October.[2]
Olarovsky's posting was a significant attempt to further Russia's influence in the region by supporting Siam against French and British colonialist encroachment. He played a major role mediating over France's territorial demands following the Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893, though his influence with the Thai court waned after 1901 when Russia began to side more with France.[2] British groups, wary of Russia attempting to undermine their hegemony in the region, also blocked his various attempts to expand Russian trade in Siam.[3] A declaration of friendship between Russia and Siam was signed by Olarovsky and Prince Devawongse (the Siamese Foreign Minister) in 1899, which granted temporary extraterritoriality to the handful of Russian subjects in Siam, though it never developed into a full treaty.[4] Olarovsky's position was raised to minister plenipotentiary in 1906, until he left his post in 1907.[3]
Olarovsky was a skilled diplomat and a prominent member of the expatriate community in Siam. He was the founding chairman of the Royal Bangkok Sports Club, established in 1901,[5] and also served as Danish consul, looking after Danish interests in Siam, which gave him a significant position in the East Asiatic Company.[2]
References edit
- ^ "List of Names". A History of Russo-Japanese Relations. Brill. 23 May 2019. ISBN 978-90-04-40085-6.
- ^ a b c Snow, Karen (2 December 2007). "St. Petersburg's Man in Siam: A.E. Olarovskii and Russia's Asian Mission, 1898-1905". Cahiers du monde russe. 48 (4): 611–636. doi:10.4000/monderusse.9032.
- ^ a b Jittipat Poonkham (2015). “ไทย-รัสเซีย” ปริทัศน์: สำรวจวรรณกรรมทางวิชาการว่าด้วยความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศไทย-รัสเซีย [“Thai-Russian” Perspectives: Literature Review of Thai-Russian Foreign Relations] (PDF) (Technical report) (in Thai). Thammasat University.
- ^ Suthiwartnarueput, Owart (2021). From Extraterritoriality to Equality: Thailand Foreign Relations 1855 - 1939 (PDF). Bangkok: International Studies Center, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. pp. 237–239. ISBN 978-616-341-099-3.
- ^ Ostrovenko, Yevgeny D. (2004). "Russian-Thai relations: Historical and cultural aspects" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 92: 117–128.
Further reading edit
- Pugacheva, Ekaterina Vladimirovna (2011). "The exchange of diplomatic representatives between Siam and Russia, The role of the Russian legation in soothing Franco–Siamese disputes". Personal Contacts between the Russian Imperial Family and the Royal Court of Siam in the Late 19th–Early 20th Centuries (PDF). Research Monograph Series on Southeast Asia. Vol. 2. Chulalongkorn University. pp. 90–103. ISBN 978-616-551-412-5.