Alexander James Inglis (November 24, 1879 – April 12, 1924) was an American author and educator who was instrumental in promoting the "new American" secondary education at the beginning of the 20th century. His scholarship largely shaped modern public schools and continues to be influential.
Alexander James Inglis | |
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| Born | November 24, 1879 |
| Died | April 12, 1924 (aged 44) |
| Education | Middletown High School |
| Alma mater | Wesleyan University |
| Occupation(s) | Teacher, author |
| Notable work | Principles of Secondary Education |
Biography edit
Inglis was born in Middletown, Connecticut on November 24, 1879, to William Grey Inglis (1854–1939) and Susan Beyer Inglis (1858–1915).[1] His father worked at a local gold and silver plating factory for 30 years before taking proprietorship of a laundromat. His grandfather, Alexander Inglis (1815–1893), was a miner who emigrated from Edinburgh, Scotland in 1852. Little is known about his childhood. In 1892, his brother Willie died of diphtheria at the age of six in Newark, New Jersey while visiting their maternal grandparents. He graduated from Middletown High School in 1898 with honors for attendance and academics. Later that year, he enrolled in Wesleyan University. He played varsity baseball and football for four years. His first professional job was as a Latin teacher at The Kiski School, a boarding school in Saltsburg, Pennsylvania, during the 1902–1903 school year. There, he also coached football and assisted with baseball. In 1903, he took a position teaching Latin at the Horace Mann School in Manhattan, New York, where he stayed through 1911. In the summer of 1905, he became a student of the American School of Classical Studies in Pompeii and Rome, Italy. He authored three Latin textbooks while a teacher at Horace Mann, two of which the school added to the curriculum.:[2]
He died in Boston on April 12, 1924.[3]
Ideas edit
According to Principles of Secondary Education, three aims of secondary education are:
- Social-Civic Aim – The preparation of the individual as a prospective citizen and cooperating member of society.
- Economic-Vocational Aim – The preparation of the individual as a prospective worker and producer.
- Individualistic-Avocational Aim – The preparation of the individual for those activities … primarily involving individual action, the use of leisure, and the development of personality.[4]
He summarized his position of what the intent of secondary education should be thusly:
Many important functions are therein involved, e.g., means of adjusting the individual and his social environment, the development of a "social mind" and social cohesion among groups of individuals, the adjustment of individual differences to the differentiated needs of society, control of the factor of selection in secondary education, educational, moral, social, and vocational guidance.[4]
Influence edit
The Harvard Graduate School of Education established the Inglis Lectureship in Secondary Education in his honor.[5]
His work was referenced by John Taylor Gatto in his essay, "Against School".[6]
His thought inspired Ellwood Patterson Cubberley and James Bryant Conant.[7]
Bibliography edit
- Key to Pearson's Latin Prose Composition, 1904
- First Book in Latin, 1906, with Virgil Prettyman
- High School Course in Latin Composition, 1909, with Charles McCoy Baker
- Principles of Secondary Education, 1918
- Inglis Intelligence Quotient Values, 1921
References edit
- ^ "Obituary Record". The Wesleyan University Bulletin. Vol. 16, no. 2. June 1922. p. 61. Retrieved April 28, 2023 – via Google Books.
- ^ William G. Wraga (2007). Progressive Pioneer, Alexander James Inglis (1879–1924) and American Secondary Education. Peter Lang. ISBN 9780820481166. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
- ^ "Prof. A. J. Inglis". Hartford Courant. Boston (published April 13, 1924). April 12, 1924. Retrieved April 28, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Alexander Inglis (1918). Principles of Secondary Education. Internet Archive. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
- ^ "Morrison to Deliver 1933 Inglis Lecture". Harvard Crimson. Harvard University. 1933. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
- ^ John Taylor Gatto (2003). Against School. Harper's Magazine. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
- ^ Heidi Tilney Kramer (2010). Visionary of Control: The Efficiency, Expertise, and Exclusion of Alexander James Inglis. University of South Florida. Retrieved February 3, 2021.