Achatinella livida is an extinct species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinellidae. This species was[when?] endemic to Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi.
| Achatinella livida | |
|---|---|
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| Drawing of a shell of Achatinella livida. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Heterobranchia |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Achatinellidae |
| Genus: | Achatinella |
| Subgenus: | Achatinellastrum |
| Species: | †A. livida
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| Binomial name | |
| †Achatinella livida Swainson, 1828
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| Location of Oʻahu | |
This species' scientific name is Achatinella Livida Swainson.[2] There are also three Hawaiian names for this species such as Pupu Kanioe, Pupu Kuahiwi, and Kahuli.[2]
Description edit
Achatinella livida snails can reach a length of 17mm and a diameter of 9.0mm, with up to six whorls.[2] Their shell is shaped like a cone with a pointed top.[2] A. livida shells are livid brown to purple, and the tip of the shell slowly transitions to white.[2] The shell's seam is separated by a distinct line that contains a deep orange-brown color.[2]
Distribution & Habitat edit
Achatinella livida was seen in 1981 in the area where the Lā’ie Trail and Summit Trail intersect.[4] A. livida species was later reported to be confined in multiple areas around the highest point of Northern Ko’olau.[3]
A. livida snails were found in the Ko’olau Mountains in their native moist forest habitat, Metrosideros polymorpha ('Ohi'a lehua), where they live with various natural trees and plants.[2]
Conservation Status edit
Achatinella livida is classified as critically imperiled as of September 23, 2003, and had various threats to its survival, such as habitat loss and being endangered by Euglandina rosea and other predators.[5] Aside from those threats, they had low reproduction rates and limited dispersion capability.[5]
According to the NatureServe Explorer, there was no record of this species being under protection by the Global Protection.[5] However, about 25 A. livida were held captive for surveys in 2014, and 3 of those snails were adults at that time[6]
References edit
- ^ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). "Achatinella livida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T189A13047953. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T189A13047953.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g USFWS, Hadfield, H., Mountain, M., Hadfield, H., Hadfield, H., Hadfield, H., Holland, H., Hadfield, H., & USFWS, U. (2008). Final Oahu Implementation Plan 2008. In Final Oahu Implementation Plan 2008. https://manoa.hawaii.edu/hpicesu/DPW/2008_OIP/012.pdf
- ^ a b "Achatinella". Division of Forestry and Wildlife: Native Ecosystems Protection & Management. 2020-12-29. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
- ^ Hadfield, M., University of Hawai`i at Mānoa, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadfield, M., & US Fish and Wildlife Service. (n.d.). Rare invertebrate management (M. Hadfield & US Fish and Wildlife Service, Interviewers). In M. Hadfield, US Fish and Wildlife Service, & Hawaii Natural Heritage Program (Eds.), Rare Invertebrate Management (pp. 5–2). https://manoa.hawaii.edu/hpicesu/DPW/2005_MIP/06.pdf
- ^ a b c "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
- ^ Price, Melissa R.; Sischo, David; Pascua, Mark-Anthony; Hadfield, Michael G. (2015-11-12). "Demographic and genetic factors in the recovery or demise of ex situ populations following a severe bottleneck in fifteen species of Hawaiian tree snails". PeerJ. 3: e1406. doi:10.7717/peerj.1406. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4647602. PMID 26587358.
External links edit
Media related to Achatinella livida at Wikimedia Commons