Autophagy related 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG12 gene.[5][6]

ATG12
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesATG12, APG12, APG12L, FBR93, HAPG12, autophagy related 12
External IDsOMIM: 609608; MGI: 1914776; HomoloGene: 37953; GeneCards: ATG12; OMA:ATG12 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001277783
NM_004707

NM_026217

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001264712
NP_004698

NP_080493

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 115.83 – 115.84 MbChr 18: 46.86 – 46.87 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998).[supplied by OMIM][6]

Autophagy requires the covalent attachment of the protein Atg12 to ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugation system. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate then promotes the conjugation of ATG8 to the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine.[7]

Atg12 was found to be involved in apoptosis. This protein promotes apoptosis through an interaction with anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family.[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145782Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032905Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Mizushima N, Sugita H, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y (Jan 1999). "A new protein conjugation system in human. The counterpart of the yeast Apg12p conjugation system essential for autophagy". J Biol Chem. 273 (51): 33889–33892. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.51.33889. PMID 9852036.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: ATG12 ATG12 autophagy related 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae)".
  7. ^ J. Geng, and D. J. Klionsky, 'The Atg8 and Atg12 Ubiquitin-Like Conjugation Systems in Macroautophagy. 'Protein Modifications: Beyond the Usual Suspects' Review Series', EMBO Rep, 9 (2008), 859-64.
  8. ^ A. D. Rubinstein, M. Eisenstein, Y. Ber, S. Bialik, and A. Kimchi, 'The Autophagy Protein Atg12 Associates with Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Members to Promote Mitochondrial Apoptosis', Mol Cell, 44 (2011), 698-709
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Further reading

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