The 730th Air Mobility Training Squadron is an Air Force reserve unit stationed at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma, where it trains airmen on Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker and Boeing KC-46 Pegasus aircraft systems. It is assigned to the 507th Operations Group at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, but performs its training mission under the direction of the 97th Air Mobility Wing of Air Education and Training Command.
730th Air Mobility Training Squadron
 | |
|---|---|
 C-141B Starlifter of the 452d Air Mobility Wing over the Grand Canyon | |
| Active | 1943–1945; 1947–1952; 1952–2005; 2012–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Role | Mobility training |
| Part of | Air Force Reserve Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma |
| Engagements | European Theater of Operations |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm |
| Insignia | |
| 730th Air Mobility Training Squadron emblem |  |
| 730th Airlift Squadron emblem[a][1] |  |
| Patch with 730th Military Airlift Squadron emblem[b][1] |  |
| Patch with 730 Bombardment Squadron emblem[c][2] |  |
| Unofficial 730th Bombardment Squadron emblem (World War II)[3] |  |
| World War II fuselage code[4][d] | 6K |
The squadron was first activated as the 730th Bombardment Squadron in 1943. After training in the United States with the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, the squadron deployed to the European Theater of Operations, participating in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. It earned a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) during an attack on a German jet fighter base near Kaltenkirchen in April 1945. Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated.
The squadron was activated again in the reserves in 1947. Two years later, it began to train with Douglas B-26 Invaders. In August 1950, the squadron was one of the first reserve units mobilized for the Korean War. After filling its ranks and undergoing intensive training, the squadron deployed to Far East Air Forces and began flying combat missions. It was awarded two additional DUCs for its operations in Korea. In May 1952, the squadron was inactivated and its personnel and equipment were transferred to a regular unit that was simultaneously activated.
The squadron was activated in the reserves again two months later as the 730th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron. It returned to the light bomber mission in 1955, but the Air Force's reserve units were converting to the airlift mission, and the squadron became the 730th Troop Carrier Squadron in July 1957, and in 1968 became one of the first reserve associate units. It continued its airlift mission until inactivating in 2004. It was reactivated with its current training mission in 2012.
Mission edit
The 730th's mission is to train aircrews from the Reserve, Air National Guard. and regular Air Force in air mobility missions, including airlift and air refueling as a formal training unit. It also develops the faculty providing this training.[5]
History edit
World War II edit
The squadron was first activated in June 1943 at Geiger Field, Washington as the 730th Bombardment Squadron, one of the four original squadrons of the 452d Bombardment Group. Later that month, it moved to Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota and began to train with the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. It continued training with Second Air Force until December, when it began its movement to the European Theater of Operations.[1][6] The ground echelon staged through Camp Shanks and sailed on the RMS Queen Elizabeth on 2 January 1944. The air echelon deployed via the South Atlantic Wing, Air Transport Command.[7]
The squadron established itself at RAF Deopham Green in January 1944, and began operations on 4 February 1944 with a strike on an aircraft assembly plant near Brunswick. Its strategic targets included railroad marshalling yards near Frankfurt, aircraft factories near Regensberg and Kassel. the ball bearing factory at Schweinfurt and an oil refinery near Bohlen.[6] In September 1944, the squadron participated in the third shuttle mission, striking Chemnitz before landing in bases in the Soviet Union.[8]
The 730th was occasionally diverted to support tactical operations. It hit airfields, V-weapon launching sites, bridges and other objectives in preparations for Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy. It bombed enemy positions to support Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo in July 1944 and the attacks on Brest, France in August. It supported Operation Market Garden, airborne attacks in the Netherlands in September and, during the Battle of the Bulge, struck German lines of communication. It struck an airfield to support Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine.[6]
Shortly before the end of the war, on 7 April, the squadron struck the jet fighter base at Kaltenkirchen, pressing the attack despite strong fighter opposition, earning a Distinguished Unit Citation. It flew its last mission of the war on 21 April against marshalling yards at Ingolstadt.[6]
After V-E Day, in August 1945, the squadron returned to the United States (the ground echelon once again sailed on the RMS Queen Elizabeth)[7] and was inactivated at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota.[1]
Reserve duty and Korean War call-up edit
_Korea_May1951.jpg)
The squadron was reactivated in the reserve at Long Beach Army Air Field, California in 1947 as a very heavy bomber squadron, but conducted proficiency flying with a variety of trainer airplanes under the supervision of the 416th AAF Base Unit (later the 2347th Air Force Reserve Training Center).[9][10] In a 1949 reorganization of the reserves, it became a light bomber squadron and began to equip and train with Douglas B-26 Invaders.[f] The squadron was manned at only 25% of its authorized strength.[11]
The squadron was mobilized for the Korean War in August 1950 in the first wave of reserve mobilizations. To help bring it up to strength, the squadron was augmented by reservists assigned to the 448th Bombardment Wing, which was also stationed at Long Beach, but remained in reserve status until the following year.[12] The 730th was a squadron of one of the first two reserve wings to be mobilized,[g] and administrative provisions for mobilization proved inadequate, and numerous reservists never received the telegrams calling them to active duty.[13]
The unit moved to George Air Force Base, California for intensive training and to be brought up to full strength. In October, the squadron deployed to Itazuke Air Base, Japan to begin combat operations.[1] It entered combat two days later, depending on support from organizations already in theater and not waiting for support from the 452d Wing's ground echelon, which arrived by ship in November.[14] The squadron operated from Japan and later from the southern tip of Korea. The squadron flew armed reconnaissance, intruder and interdiction missions. It supported ground troops and attacked tactical targets.[6]
On 23 March 1951, the squadron led troop carrier aircraft carrying the 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment in an aerial assault on Munsan-ni, strafing the front lines of the Chinese Communist Forces and dropping bombs on enemy targets.[14] Prior to June 1951, the squadron had been conducting strikes primarily in the daytime. However, due to the extent of enemy night movements, after June, the 730th focused on night operations.[15] In May 1952, the squadron was inactivated and returned to the reserve. Its mission, personnel and aircraft were transferred to the 95th Bombardment Squadron, which was simultaneously activated at Pusan East (K-9) Air Base, South Korea.[1][16]
Reconnaissance and bombardment in the reserves edit
The squadron was redesignated the 730th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron and activated in June 1952 at Long Beach, where it absorbed some of the resources of the 921st Reserve Training Wing, which was inactivated. The reserve mobilization for the Korean War, however, had left the reserve without aircraft, and the unit did not receive aircraft until July 1952.[17] Despite its tactical reconnaissance name, it was first equipped with Curtiss C-46 Commando transports. The following year, it began to equip with a mix of aircraft, including The B-26 and North American F-51 Mustang. In 1954 it received its first jets, Lockheed F-80 Shooting Stars.[1][18]
In 1955, the squadron once again became the 730th Bombardment Squadron and trained with the Invader as a tactical bombardment unit.[18] However, at this time, the Joint Chiefs of Staff were pressuring the Air Force to provide more wartime airlift. At the same time, about 150 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars became available from the active force. Consequently, in November 1956 the Air Force directed Continental Air Command (ConAC) to convert units to the troop carrier mission by September 1957.[19] In July 1957, the squadron became the 730th Troop Carrier Squadron.[1]
Tactical airlift edit
As a troop carrier squadron the unit transitioned to the C-119 and flew them from Long Beach until reserve flying operations there ended in the fall of 1960 and the 452d Troop Carrier Wing moved to March Air Force Base. The squadron had been assigned directly to the wing since April 1959, when ConAC converted its flying wings to the dual deputy organization[h] and inactivated the 452d Troop Carrier Group.[1][18] At March, in place of active duty support for reserve units, ConAC used the Air Reserve Technician Program, in which a cadre of the unit consisted of full time personnel who were simultaneously civilian employees of the Air Force and held rank as members of the reserves.[20]
Activation of groups under the wing edit
Since 1955, the Air Force had been detaching Air Force Reserve squadrons from their parent wing locations to separate sites. The concept offered several advantages: communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning. In time, the detached squadron program proved successful in attracting additional participants.[21] Although the dispersal of flying units was not a problem when the entire wing was called to active service, mobilizing a single flying squadron and elements to support it proved difficult. This weakness was demonstrated in the partial mobilization of reserve units during the Berlin Crisis of 1961. To resolve this, at the start of 1962, ConAC determined to reorganize its reserve wings by establishing groups with support elements for each of its troop carrier squadrons. This reorganization would facilitate mobilization of elements of wings in various combinations when needed. However, as this plan was entering its implementation phase, another partial mobilization occurred for the Cuban Missile Crisis.[22] The formation of new troop carrier groups was delayed until January for wings that had not been mobilized.[22] The 944th Troop Carrier Group was formed at March on 17 January as the headquarters for the 730th and its supporting units.[18][1]
Strategic airlift edit
By 1968 regular air force military airlift squadrons were operating the Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, while reserve heavy airlift units still flew the obsolete Douglas C-124 Globemaster II. As the Globemaster was retired, Air Force Reserve formed associate units with the C-141. In this program reserve units flew and maintained aircraft owned by an associated regular unit.[23] On 25 March 1968, the 730th moved to Norton Air Force Base without aircraft as an associate of the active duty 63d Military Airlift Wing. In 1973, Air Force Reserve inactivated its reserve associate groups and the squadron was assigned directly to the 445th Military Airlift Wing. Missions the 730th has flown included humanitarian relief, aeromedical flights, and airdrops of supplies and paratroopers. In 1989, the squadron participated in Operation Just Cause, the incursion into Panama that replaced Manuel Noriega as its leader.[1]
In August 1992, Air Force Reserve Command reorganized its flying wings under the Objective Wing model. The squadron, along with the other flying squadrons of the 445th Wing, was assigned to the reactivated 445th Operations Group. As a result of the closure of Norton as part of the United States Department of Defense's 1988 Base Realignment and Closure Commission program, on 1 May 1994, the 729th returned to March Air Force Base, where it was assigned to the 452d Operations Group and once more operated its own planes. The 729th was renamed the 730th Airlift Squadron on 1 February 1992.[1][18] In August 2005, the squadron was inactivated as the Starlifter was retired from the Air Force.[24]
Air mobility training edit
In June 2012, now the 730th Air Mobility Training Squadron, it was activated at Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma as an associate to the regular Air Force 97th Air Mobility Wing. It was originally assigned to the 452d Operations Group at March Air Reserve Base.[25] In August 2014, the unit was transferred to the 507th Operations Group, located at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, but operational control of its training mission falls to the 97th Wing. The squadron's personnel are a mix of reservists and Air Reserve Technicians who make up nearly 25% of the instructors at Altus. Roughly half the personnel instruct aircrew operating the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III and the other half focus on the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker. A handful of positions will work with the 56th Air Refueling Squadron as Boeing KC-46 Pegasus training programs become active.[24]
Lineage edit
- Constituted as the 730th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 14 May 1943
- Activated on 1 June 1943
- Redesignated 730th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 20 August 1943
- Inactivated on 28 August 1945
- Redesignated 730th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 3 July 1947
- Activated in the Reserve on 1 August 1947
- Redesignated 730th Bombardment Squadron, Light on 27 June 1949
- Ordered to active service on 10 August 1950
- Redesignated 730th Bombardment Squadron, Light, Night Intruder on 25 June 1951
- Relieved from active service and inactivated on 10 May 1952
- Redesignated 730th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, Night Photo on 6 June 1952
- Activated in the Reserve on 13 June 1952
- Redesignated: 730th Bombardment Squadron, Tactical on 22 May 1955
- Redesignated: 730th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 1 July 1957
- Redesignated: 730th Tactical Airlift Squadron on 1 July 1967
- Redesignated: 730th Military Airlift Squadron (Associate) on 25 March 1968
- Redesignated: 730th Airlift Squadron (Associate) on 1 February 1992
- Redesignated: 730th Airlift Squadron on 1 April 1993[26]
- Inactivated on 1 April 2005[24]
- Redesignated 730th Air Mobility Training Squadron
- Activated c. 12 June 2012[25]
Assignments edit
- 452d Bombardment Group, 1 June 1943 - 28 August 1945
- 452d Bombardment Group, 1 August 1947 - 10 May 1952
- 452d Tactical Reconnaissance Group (later 452d Bombardment Group, 452d Troop Carrier Group), 13 June 1952
- 452d Troop Carrier Wing, 14 April 1959
- 944th Troop Carrier Group (later 944th Tactical Airlift Group, 944th Military Airlift Group), 17 January 1963
- 445th Military Airlift Wing, 1 July 1973
- 445th Operations Group, 1 August 1992
- 452d Operations Group, 1 May 1994 – 1 April 2005[26][24]
- 452d Operations Group, c. 12 June 2012[25]
- 507th Operations Group, c. 31 August 2014 – present[24]
Stations edit
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Aircraft edit
|
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Awards and campaigns edit
| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 7 April 1945 | Germany 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 9 July-27 November 1951 | Korea 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 28 November 1951-30 April 1952 | Korea 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1970-30 June 1971 | 730th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1982-31 August 1984 | 730th Airlift Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1985-31 August 1987 | 730th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 31 January 1988-30 January 1990 | 730th Airlift Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1995-31 August 1996 | 730th Airlift Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1997-31 August 1999 | 730th Airlift Squadron[1] |
 |
Korean Presidential Unit Citation | 27 October 1950-27 October 1951 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 |
Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm | 25 March 1968-28 June 1973 | 730th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Air Offensive, Europe | 8 January 1944 – 5 June 1944 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Combat, EAME Theater | 8 January 1944 – 11 May 1945 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 |
CCF Intervention | 3 November 1950 – 24 January 1951 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
1st UN Counteroffensive | 25 January 1951 – 21 April 1951 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
CCF Spring Offensive | 22 April 1951 – 9 July 1951 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
UN Summer-Fall Offensive | 9 July 1951 – 27 November 1951 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Second Korean Winter | 28 November 1951 – 30 April 1952 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Korea Summer-Fall 1952 | 1 May 1952 – 10 May 1952 | 730th Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 |
Just Cause | 20 December 1989 – 31 January 1990 | Panama, 730th Military Airlift Squadron[1] |
See also edit
References edit
Notes edit
- Explanatory notes
- ^ Approved 22 July 1996.
- ^ Approved 11 June 1979.
- ^ Approved 14 December 1951. Description: On a disc white, edged with a double line red, the representation of a "Rebel," overalls light blue, undershirt red, shirt white, hat black, white band, shoes black, carrying a shotgun black, and riding a bomb, also black.
- ^ The squadron did not use this code until the end of the war, although it had been assigned earlier. Instead, the squadron's aircraft only carried the individual aircraft letter, followed by a plus sign. Freeman, p. 289.
- ^ Airplane is Lockheed Vega built Boeing B-17G-10-VE, serial 42-39970, nicknamed E-Rat-Icator. This was the only B-17 in the 452d Group that survived the war without ever being taken out of service due to enemy action. Photo taken at RAF Deopham Green. On 25 November 1945 it was stored at Kingman Field, Arizona for disposal and sold for scrap in July 1946. Baugher, Joe (28 December 2022). "1942 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
- ^ Endicott indicates the training began in 1949. Endicott, Factsheet 730 Airlift Squadron. Maurer, however, indicates that B-26 training did not begin until 1950. Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 725
- ^ The other was the 437th Troop Carrier Wing.
- ^ Under this plan flying squadrons reported to the wing Deputy Commander for Operations and maintenance squadrons reported to the wing Deputy Commander for Maintenance.
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Endicott, Judy G. (9 January 2008). "Factsheet 730 Airlift Squadron (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 725-726
- ^ Watkins, p. 96
- ^ Freeman, p. 289
- ^ "507th Air Mobility Wing Units: 730th Air Mobility Training Squadron". 507th Air Mobility Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 326-328
- ^ a b Freeman, p. 258
- ^ Freeman, p. 188
- ^ "Abstract, History 416 AAF Base Unit Jan-Mar 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
- ^ "Abstract, History 2347 Air Force Reserve Training Center Jul-Sep 1950". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
- ^ Cantwell, p. 74
- ^ Cantwell, p. 92, Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 522-523
- ^ Cantwell, p. 93
- ^ a b Endicott, pp. 69-70
- ^ Cantwell, p. 103
- ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 317 (simultaneous activation at Pusan)
- ^ Cantwell, p. 139
- ^ a b c d e Robertson, Patsy (22 June 2017). "Factsheet 452 Air Mobility Wing (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ Cantwell, p. 168
- ^ Cantwell, p. 163
- ^ Cantwell, p. 156
- ^ a b Cantwell, pp. 189-191
- ^ Cantwell, p. 210
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Quinlan, Maj Jon (28 August 2014). "507th ARW gains a new squadron, air mobility training mission". 507th Air Refueling Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f Scarle, Kenny (15 June 2012). "730th Air Mobility Training Squadron reignites legacy at Altus AFB". 97th Air Mobility Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ a b c Lineage, including assignments and aircraft, through December 1997 in Endicott, Factsheet, 730th Airlift Squadron.
- ^ Station number in Anderson.
- ^ Station information through December 1997 in Endicott, Factsheet, 730th Airlift Squadron, except as noted.
Bibliography edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946-1994. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16049-269-6. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Endicott, Judy G., ed. (2001). The USAF in Korea, Campaigns, Units and Stations 1950-1953 (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Air Force Historical Research Agency. ISBN 0-16-050901-7. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Freeman, Roger A. (1970). The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force). London, England, UK: Macdonald and Company. ISBN 978-0-87938-638-2.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. I (VIII) Bomber Command. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-1987-7.