2C-D (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine or 2C-M) is a psychedelic drug of the 2C family that is sometimes used as an entheogen. It was first synthesized in 1970 by a team from the Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences,[1] and its activity was subsequently investigated in humans by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, Shulgin lists the dosage range as being from 20 to 60 mg.[2] Lower doses of 10 mg or less have been explored for microdosing.[3]
| |||
| |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethan-1-amine | |||
Other names
| |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|||
| |||
| |||
| Properties | |||
| C11H17NO2 | |||
| Molar mass | 195.262 g·mol−1 | ||
| Melting point | 213 to 214 °C (415 to 417 °F; 486 to 487 K) (hydrochloride) | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| Legal status |
| ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |||
Not much information is known about the toxicity of 2C-D, as no major studies have been conducted. According to Shulgin, the effects of 2C-D typically last for 4–6 hours.[2] Shulgin himself referred to this substance as a “pharmacological tofu,” meaning that when mixed with other substances, it can extend or potentiate their effects without coloring the experience too much, in a manner similar to how tofu absorbs the flavors of sauces or spices it is cooked with. Hanscarl Leuner, working in Germany, explored the use of 2C-D under the name LE-25 in psychotherapeutic research.[citation needed]
Drug prohibition laws
editChina
editAs of October 2015 2C-D is a controlled substance in China.[4]
Canada
editAs of October 31, 2016; 2C-D is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.[5]
Denmark
edit2C-D is added to the list of Schedule B controlled substances.[6]
Finland
editListed in the government decree on psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market.[7][8]
Germany
edit2C-D is an Anlage I controlled drug.
Sweden
editSveriges riksdags health ministry Statens folkhälsoinstitut classified 2C-D as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor (Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) as of Mar 1, 2005, in their regulation SFS 2005:26 listed as "2,5-dimetoxi-4-metylfenetylamin (2C-D)", making it illegal to sell or possess.[9]
United States
edit2C-D became a Schedule I Controlled Substance in the United States as of July 9, 2012, with the signing of Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.[10] On a state level, both Oklahoma and Pennsylvania list 2C-D under schedule I.
References
edit- ^ Ho BT, Tansey LW, Balster RL, An R, McIsaac WM, Harris RT (January 1970). "Amphetamine analogs. II. Methylated phenethylamines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 13 (1): 134–5. doi:10.1021/jm00295a034. PMID 5412084.
- ^ a b 2C-D Entry in PiHKAL
- ^ Nez, Hosteen (2015). "Erowid 2C-D Vault : Smart Pills". www.erowid.org. Archived from the original on 2001-07-09. Retrieved 2022-01-09.
- ^ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ "Canada Gazette – Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Part J — 2C-phenethylamines)". 4 May 2016.
- ^ "Retsinformation".
- ^ "FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta… 1130/2014".
- ^ "FINLEX ® - Säädökset alkuperäisinä: Valtioneuvoston asetus kuluttajamarkkinoilta… 733/2021".
- ^ Johansson, Morgan. "Svensk författningssamling" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
- ^ "S. 3187". Archived from the original on 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2012-07-11.