The 25th Arizona Territorial Legislative Assembly was the final session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature. The session convened in Phoenix, Arizona, and ran from January 18 till March 18, 1909.[1] Its actions include the creation of Greenlee County, establishing the Arizona Pioneers' Home, and requiring primary elections.
| Arizona Territorial Legislature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | Arizona Territorial Legislature | ||||
| Jurisdiction | Arizona Territory, United States | ||||
| Council | |||||
| Members | 12 | ||||
| House of Representatives | |||||
| Members | 24 | ||||
Background
edit
Arizona was still seeking statehood. After years of electing a Democrat as the territorial delegate to the U.S. Congress, feelings in the territory were that a Republican could have better results achieving statehood in a Republican controlled Congress. This sentiment helped Ralph H. Cameron defeat long term territorial Delegate Mark Smith.[2]
President Theodore Roosevelt renominated Governor Joseph Henry Kibbey for a second term on December 16, 1908.[3] Mining interests and other political opponents delayed confirmation until after Roosevelt left office.[4] When President William Howard Taft took office, he decided to appoint Richard Elihu Sloan and as a result Kibbey left office on May 1, 1909.[3]
Legislative session
editThe session ran from January 18 till March 18, 1909.[1] It passed 107 bills into law.[5]
Governor's address
editGovernor Kibbey gave his address to the session during the afternoon of January 19, 1909.[3] The lengthy speech dealt with generalities and descriptive principles but gave few specific recommendations.[1] The governor was pleased with the financial position and economic development of the territory and its roughly 200,000 residents. While he deferred asking for additional reforms in the area of mine taxation till a state legislature could be convened, Kibbey asked for establishment of a territorial railroad commission to work with the Interstate Commerce Commission.[5] Additionally, the governor expressed his view that this would be the final session of the Arizona Territorial Legislature.[1]
Legislation
editThe 25th legislature proved to be highly partisan with the Democratic controlled session opposing many of their Republican governor's efforts.[6] The session overrode vetoes to bills eliminating the position of Territorial Examiner and creating a literacy test for all Arizona voters[A] Another veto override abolished the Arizona Rangers. In their place each county sheriff was authorized a limited number of "ranger deputies".[8] The final key veto override involved a bill authorizing territorial schools to segregate "African" students.[9]
In other business, the session created Greenlee County from eastern Graham County[7] As part of the compromise for creating the county, the mines in the Clifton and Morenci mining districts assumed responsibility for paying off Graham County's debt.[8] A railroad commission and the office of territorial historian were established.[7] The office of territorial engineer was also created with responsibility for the construction and improvement of bridges and roads within Arizona.[8] Authorization to establish the Arizona Pioneers' Home was likewise passed.[7] The session modified territorial election laws to require use of primary elections. Finally, the legislature established February 12 as a legal holiday in honor of Abraham Lincoln's 100th birthday.[7]
Aftermath
editMulford Winsor, the person who first recommended creation of the position, was appointed territorial historian by Governor Kibbey.[10] He retained the position till October 1909 when he was replaced by Sharlot Hall.[10][11] With the coming of statehood, the Territorial Railroad Commission was succeeded by the Arizona Corporation Commission.[5]
The legislation authorizing statehood for Arizona was signed into law on June 20, 1910.[12] The enabling act held a provision that prevented elections after the 1908 election from being held under territorial law.[13] This resulted in the legislative session scheduled for January 1911 being cancelled.[14] This was done because it was assumed at the time of the act's passage that a state legislature would meet in 1911. Governor Sloan also had the authority to call the 25th legislature back into session. Instead of calling the territorial legislature back as final approval for statehood was delayed, the governor used another provision in the enabling act to levy taxes and authorize needed appropriations.[15]
Members
edit| House of Representatives[16] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | County | Name | County | |
| Neill E. Bailey | Cochise | Phil C. Merrill | Graham | |
| G. A. Bray | Yavapai | Kirke T. Moore | Pima | |
| J. B. Bourne | Pinal | George D. Morris | Yavapai | |
| T. J. Coalter | Coconino | W. W. Pace | Graham | |
| Frank DeSouza | Maricopa | Joseph Peterson | Navajo | |
| John Doan | Pima | J. C. Reed | Maricopa | |
| Frank J. Duffy | Santa Cruz | Oscar W. Roberts | Cochise | |
| J. S. Gibbons | Apache | C. L. Shaw | Pinal | |
| Perry Hall | Yavapai | Fred A. Sutter | Cochise | |
| R. A. Hightower | Yuma | S. W. Tobey | Mohave | |
| William J. Hogwood | Pima | Sam F. Webb (Speaker) | Maricopa | |
| John McCormick | Gila | J. W. Woolf | Maricopa | |
| Council[16] | |
|---|---|
| Name | County |
| Fred Sylvester Breen | Coconino |
| Michael G. Burns | Yavapai |
| Kean St. Charles | Mohave |
| S. E. Day | Apache |
| James B. Finley | Pima and Santa Cruz |
| Ben Goodrich | Cochise |
| John R. Hampton | Graham |
| George W. P. Hunt (President) | Gila |
| William J. Morgan | Navajo |
| George W. Norton | Yuma |
| Eugene B. O'Neill | Maricopa |
| Thomas F. Weedin | Pinal |
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Which required reading any paragraph of the United States Constitution and signing their name – a provision aimed primarily at Mexican immigrants, a group thought to vote Republican.[7]
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d Goff 1996, p. 36.
- ^ Goff 1985, p. 177.
- ^ a b c Goff 1978, p. 194.
- ^ McClintock 1916, pp. 357–58.
- ^ a b c Wagoner 1970, p. 446.
- ^ Wagoner 1970, pp. 446–48.
- ^ a b c d e McClintock 1916, p. 358.
- ^ a b c Wagoner 1970, p. 448.
- ^ Nilsen, Richard (June 24, 2011). "Minorities have equivocal history in Phoenix". The Arizona Republic.
- ^ a b McClintock 1916, p. 360.
- ^ "Territorial Notes". Bisbee Daily Review. October 9, 1909. p. 3.
- ^ "Statehood Bill Signed". The Washington Herald. Washington, D.C. June 21, 1910. p. 4.
- ^ Wagoner 1970, p. 455.
- ^ Goff 1978, p. 201.
- ^ Wagoner 1970, p. 473.
- ^ a b Wagoner 1970, p. 529.
Sources
edit- Goff, John S. (1978). Arizona Territorial Officials Volume II: The Governors 1863–1912. Cave Creek, Arizona: Black Mountain Press. OCLC 5100411.
- —— (1985). Arizona Territorial Officials Volume III: The Delegates to Congress 1863–1912. Cave Creek, Arizona: Black Mountain Press. OCLC 12559708.
- —— (1996). Arizona Territorial Officials Volume VI: Members of the Legislature A–L. Cave Creek, Arizona: Black Mountain Press. OCLC 36714908.
- McClintock, James H. (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern. Vol. II. Chicago: S. J. Clarke. OCLC 5398889.
- Wagoner, Jay J. (1970). Arizona Territory 1863–1912: A Political history. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816501769.
Further reading
edit- Arizona Territory (1909). Acts, Resolutions and Memorials Adopted by the Twenty-fifth Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Arizona. Phoenix: The McNeil Co. OCLC 806890521.
External links
edit- 1910 Photograph of all members of the 25th Arizona Territorial Legislature Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott, Arizona
- 1910 Photograph of the 25th Arizona Territorial Legislature members Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott, Arizona
