The 2025 Philippine general election will be held on May 12, 2025, midway through the term of President Bongbong Marcos. A midterm election, all 316 seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines (256 representing a congressional district and 63 apportioned among party-lists) and the 12 of 24 seats in the Senate of the Philippines will be contested to form the 20th Congress of the Philippines. Positions at the local and provincial levels—including 82 governors—will also be contested. COMELEC estimated 71 million voters for the 2025 elections.[1]
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2025 Philippine Senate election | |||
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12 (of the 24) seats to the Senate of the Philippines 13 seats needed for a majority | |||
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2025 Philippine House of Representatives elections | |||
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316 seats to the House of Representatives of the Philippines | |||
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The first regular election to the Bangsamoro Parliament will be held within the general election after its postponement in 2022.[2]
Background
editImplementation of Miru Systems
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On November 29, 2023, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) disqualified Smartmatic from all procurement processes conducted by the agency amid the company's involvement with the alleged bribery schemes concerning COMELEC Chairman Andres D. Bautista, citing an "imminent threat to the strength and integrity" of the country's electoral process.[3][4] COMELEC also stated that the Philippine National Police will investigate supposed offenders.[5]
On February 21, 2024, the COMELEC unanimously awarded the contract for the lease of automated vote counting machines to the South Korean firm Miru Systems for a bid of 17.9 billion Philippine pesos.[6][7][8] Replacing at-least 100,000 vote-counting machines from Smartmatic.[9]
Amendment of the 1987 plebiscite
editOn February 29, 2024, COMELEC Chairperson George Garcia announced to hold the amendment of the 1987 Philippine constitutional plebiscite, saying that holding the amendment separate from the election would be "unpractical", stating that separating the plebiscite from the elections would add 13 billion to the cost.[10] But the earliest year to amend the plebiscite can only be 2026.[11]
Youth voting
editOn February 21, 2024, Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines Martin Romualdez urged the youth to join the elections, stating that the youth "can make a difference" and that "their opinion is instrumental in building a brighter future for future generations".[12]
Hybrid elections
editOn April 12, 2023, COMELEC Chairperson George Garcia suggested a hybrid election system during a Comelec Advisory Council meeting, suggesting a merged local and national elections, and also suggesting both automated and manual election systems.[13]
Electoral System
editIn the Philippines, congressional and local elections, excluding the regional and barangay levels, have been synchronized to be held on the second Monday of May every three years, starting in 1992. Presidents and vice presidents have six-year terms, so they are only elected on even-numbered years (1992, 1998, and so on). Elections where the presidency is not on the ballot are called midterm elections, and occur on odd-numbered years (1995, 2001, and so on).
Every seat up for election is voted on separately. Since 2010, general elections have been automated, with voters shading an oval next to their chosen candidate.[14] For executive positions, elections are decided via the first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) system, where the voter has one choice. Elections to the Senate and local legislatures are held via multiple non-transferable vote, where the voter has x number of choices depending on the number of seats up for election (12 in the case of the Senate), and the x candidates with the highest number of votes win. For House elections, each voter has two votes, one via FPTP, and the other via a modified party-list proportional representation system.[15]
Elections are organized, run, and adjudicated by the COMELEC, an independent governmental body. Appeals are allowed under certain conditions to the Regional Trial Courts, the Congress, or the Supreme Court, sitting as the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal, the Senate Electoral Tribunal, or the Presidential Electoral Tribunal depending on the election being appealed.
A valid Philippine passport and an age of at least 18 years old is required to vote for both Filipinos and Overseas Filipino Workers.[16][17]
Schedules
editOn May 29, 2024, COMELEC released the schedule for activities pertaining to the conduct of the 2025 elections.[18]
| Activity | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| Voter registration | February 12, 2024 | August 31, 2024 |
| Overseas voter registration | December 9, 2022 | September 30, 2024 |
| Holding of political conventions | September 1, 2024 | September 28, 2024 |
| Filing of certificates of candidacies | October 1, 2024 | October 8, 2024 |
Election period
|
January 12, 2025 | June 11, 2025 |
| Campaign period for nationally elected positions | February 11, 2025 | May 10, 2025 |
| Campaign period for locally elected positions | March 28, 2025 | |
| Voting for overseas voters | April 13, 2025 | May 12, 2025 |
| Election silence (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday) | April 17, 2025 | April 18, 2025 |
| Voting for local absentee voters in the Philippines | April 28, 2025 | April 30, 2025 |
| Liquor ban | May 11, 2025 | May 12, 2025 |
| Election day; voting for non-absentee voters in the Philippines | May 12, 2025 | |
| Term of office of winning candidates for local officials and House representatives | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2028 |
| Term of office of winning candidates for senators | June 30, 2031 | |
Election reform systems
editCOMELEC implemented the Register Anywhere Program on July 2022,[5] Converting shopping malls, certain churches, and plazas as offices for the Register Anywhere Program. [12][16]
The House of Representatives passed election bills regarding early voting for senior citizens and disabled people, and regarding increasing candidates' spending limits, both of which are still in the Senate.[5]
Coalitions
editAlyansa Para sa Bagong Pilipinas
editOn May 8, 2024, Lakas–CMD and Partido Federal ng Pilipinas signed a pact creating the alliance Bagong Pilipinas for the 2025 elections.[19]
Liberal Party
editIn April 2024, the Liberal Party vowed to expand their seats and to "emerge victorious" on the 2025 elections. [20]
Candidates
editThese candidates declared/has an intent to run for the 2025 Senate Elections.
| # | Name | Party | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lito Lapid | NPC | [21][22] | ||
| Manny Pacquiao | PROMDI | [23] | ||
| Bong Revilla | Lakas | [24][22] | ||
| # | Name | Party | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kiko Pangilinan | Liberal | [25] | ||
| # | Name | Party | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bam Aquino | KANP | [25] | ||
| Chel Diokno | KANP | [25] | ||
| # | Name | Party | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ronald dela Rosa | PDP | [26][22] | ||
| Bong Go | PDP | [26] | ||
| Phillip Salvador | PDP | [26] | ||
| Francis Tolentino | PDP | [26][22] | ||
| # | Name | Party | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Willie Revillame | Independent | [27] | ||
References
edit- ^ Mendoza, John Eric (May 4, 2023). "Comelec expects 71 million registered voters for 2025 midterm elections". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Parungao, Adrian (February 9, 2024). "BARMM execs: 2025 election to fortify work toward true autonomy". Inquirer. Retrieved June 13, 2024.
- ^ de Leon, Dwight (November 29, 2023). "Comelec disqualifies Smartmatic from future Philippine elections". RAPPLER. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Tulad, Victoria (November 29, 2023). "Smartmatic disqualified from Comelec procurements: Garcia". ABS-CBN News.
- ^ a b c Journalism (PCIJ), Philippine Center for Investigative (September 29, 2023). "Philippines prepares for 3 elections in next two years; 10 urgent tasks for Comelec, voters". PCIJ.org. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Cabato, Luisa (February 22, 2024). "Comelec awards vote counting machine contract to Miru Systems". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Leon, Dwight de (April 8, 2024). "Smartmatic out: iOne, Ardent Networks bag P1.4-B transmission deal for 2025 polls". RAPPLER. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Leon, Dwight de (January 9, 2024). "How Korean firm Miru became front-runner in search for 2025 PH election provider". RAPPLER. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Patinio, Ferdinand (May 9, 2022). "New VCMs to be used in 2025 midterm polls". pna.gov.ph. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Parungao, Adrian (February 29, 2024). "Comelec: Holding 2025 elections with Cha-cha plebiscite 'logical'". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Chi, Cristina. "Comelec changes tune, OKs plebiscite in 2025 elections". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ a b Reganit, Jose (February 21, 2024). "Filipino youth urged to go out, register for 2025 elections". pna.gov.ph. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "Comelec gets ready for the 2025 hybrid national and local elections". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "Q+A - Why are automated elections in the Philippines a worry?". Reuters. September 11, 2009. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
- ^ Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof, eds. (November 15, 2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific : A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific (1 ed.). Oxford University PressOxford. doi:10.1093/0199249598.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-924959-6.
- ^ a b "COMELEC Guide: How to Register for 2025 Philippine Elections". Assistance.PH. March 5, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "PHILIPPINE CONSULATE GENERAL - CALGARY". philcongencalgary.org. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Parungao, Adrian (May 29, 2024). "LIST: Comelec releases 2025 elections schedule". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ "ELEKSYON 2025: Marcos party PFP, Lakas-CMD ink alliance, to field common Senate bets". GMA News Online. May 8, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ Porcalla, Delon. "'Opposition to expand by 2025 polls'". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Ellera, Teresa D. (April 8, 2024). "Senator Lapid confirms re-election in 2025". SunStar Publishing Inc. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "The Manila Times". digitaledition.manilatimes.net. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ "Pacquiao confirms senatorial bid in 2025 midterm elections". news.tv5.com.ph. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
- ^ Elias, Jun. "Bong Revilla to seek reelection". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 14, 2024.
- ^ a b c "Ex-VP Robredo open to running in 2025 elections — spokesperson". Philstar.com. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Perez, Annie (April 20, 2024). "Duterte stays with PDP; party drops 'Laban' from name". ABS-CBN. Archived from the original on April 20, 2024. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
- ^ Mallorca, Hannah (January 29, 2024). "Willie Revillame declares he's 'ready' to run for senator in 2025". Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 20, 2024.