Wikipedia

2024 England riots

For the unrelated riot earlier in July, see 2024 Harehills riot.

In July and August 2024, far-right protesters took part in rioting in various parts of England in response to a mass stabbing in Southport by Axel Rudakubana, a British teenager, in Southport, Merseyside on 29 July 2024.

2024 England riots
Date30 July 2024–present
(4 days)
Location
Caused by
Methods
Parties
Casualties
Injuries
Southport:
  • 53 police officers[3]
  • 3 police dogs[3]
Arrested
  • Southport: 8[a]
  • London: 100+[6]
  • Hartlepool: 8[6]
  • Manchester: 2[6]

On 30 July, a crowd gathered outside Southport Mosque, having wrongly believed Rudakubana to be a Muslim immigrant due to the spread of misinformation on social media platforms. They attacked police officers, threw objects at the mosque, and set a police vehicle on fire. The riot left over fifty officers injured, some seriously, and three police dogs wounded. Eight people were subsequently arrested. Unrest in other parts of England occurred in the following days.

The riots have been described as being Islamophobic,[7][8][9] racially-charged[10][11][12] and far-right.[13][14][15]

Background

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Southport stabbing

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Main article: 2024 Southport stabbing

On 29 July 2024, a knife attack took place at a children's yoga and dance workshop. Three children were killed, and eight other children were injured, with five of them in critical condition. Two adults at the event were also critically injured. The attacker, Axel Rudakubana, a 17-year-old male, was arrested at the scene.[16]

False claims

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Following the stabbing, there was incorrect speculation about the identity and religion of the suspected attacker online.[17] Misinformation, including false claims about the suspect's nationality and immigration status, were circulated on social media by high-profile far-right accounts.[18] The false claim that the perpetrator was named "Ali Al-Shakati" is believed to have originate from the X account of an anti-lockdown campaigner and gained a greater audience when repeated by the website Channel 3 Now. Andrew Tate also posted on X that the attacker was an "illegal immigrant", and ex-boxer Anthony Fowler shared that it was a “fellow from Syria”.[19][20] In reality, the suspect was born in Wales to Rwandan parents and moved to the Southport area in 2013.[21] According to research by BBC Verify, a newly created "Southport-themed" Telegram group became inundated with misinformation, including from the far-right National Front, prior to dissemination on social media platforms.[22] The spread of misinformation on social media has widely been attributed to the cause of the riots by various media outlets.[23][24][25][26]

Professor of political communication, Andrew Chadwick, described the tweet as being "deliberately fabricated to generate hostility toward ethnic minorities and immigrants, and it's a potentially Islamophobic piece of propaganda".[27] Matthew Feldman, an expert on right-wing extremism, commented "It is difficult to think of a much better example of online harms breaching the real world than a fake story demonising Muslims and people of colour and leading to riots on the streets".[28] Former security minister, Stephen McPartland, accused Russia and Vladimir Putin's regime of involvement in the campaign of misinformation, describing it as "part of the Russian playbook".[29] Guardian columnist Owen Jones blamed X (formerly Twitter) as a "cesspit of disinformation and far-right talking points" for the spread of unverified claims.[30]

Merseyside Police attempted to quell speculation by confirming that the name being circulated was not connected to the case and was not the suspect.[31][32]

Riots

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Southport Mosque in 2021

30 July

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At approximately 20:05 BST, hundreds of protesters gathered outside Southport Mosque chanting, "No surrender!" and "English till I die!"[33] Within several minutes, protesters had clashed with police.[34] Protesters barricaded themselves and shouted "Tommy Robinson," a far-right activist who founded the English Defence League (EDL). Robinson had been arrested and then released two days prior.[35] By 20:37, protesters began throwing objects at the mosque and police, leaving one officer injured.[36] A police van was set alight[37] as police deployed smoke canisters.[38] Merseyside Police requested officers from Greater Manchester Police, Cheshire Constabulary, Lancashire Police, and North Wales Police.[39] Riot police cleared the area near the mosque by 21:14[40] and protesters had begun dispersing shortly after that as night fell.[41] By 23:14, the riot had ended.[37] A local convenience store had been damaged.[42]

During the riot, The Guardian reported that far-right activists had been promoting the protest that had started in Southport,[33] prior to involvement in the riot.[1] Huff Post described far-right activists as having "hijacked" the vigil for the victims,[43] and Manchester Evening News reported "far right thugs, fuelled by lies, sought to exploit the tragedy".[44] Merseyside Police said on the night of the riot that they believed supporters of the English Defence League were involved in and organised the disturbances.[2][45][46] Hope Not Hate described them as supporters of Tommy Robinson.[47] Robinson denied the EDL were involved, while arguing that the anger in Southport was justified.[27] A prominent member of the neo-Nazi group Patriotic Alternative, and follower of Robinson, took part in the riot.[48][49]

The following day, the anti-fascist group Hope Not Hate warned of the possibility of further demonstrations by far-right groups in several cities across the country.[29] Concerns of further violence were echoed by Merseyside Police.[50]

31 July

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In London, the Metropolitan Police established public order conditions for a protest dubbed "Enough is Enough",[29] the slogan of Patriotic Alternative,[22] where far-right demonstrators clashed with police on 31 July.[51][52] More than 100 people were arrested.[6]

On the evening of 31 July, a group of approximately 40 demonstrators[53] gathered outside a Holiday Inn in Manchester which was purportedly housing asylum seekers. Chants were heard of the group exclaiming "we want our country back", a phrase associated with far-right groups in the UK.[54] Two people were arrested.[6]

Demonstrations also broke out in the County Durham town of Hartlepool on the same evening. Objects including eggs and glass bottles were thrown at the police in response to the latter's riot shields.[55][56] Several police officers were injured and a police car was set alight. Eight people were arrested.[6]

There was also a protest outside a hotel housing migrants in Aldershot. Police and crime commissioner, Donna Jones, described "mob-type" behaviour, and Hampshire Constabulary reported a crowd of 200 people, with a minority throwing objects and subjecting people to racial abuse.[57]

2 August

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On the evening of 2 August, protestors gathered in Sunderland's Keel Square for a march around the city centre. Mounted police attended the demonstration along with officers in riot gear. Police and protestors clashed outside a mosque in St Mark's Road after some of the marchers attempted to approach the building. The protestors chanted "save our kids" and "we want our country back", as well as slogans in support of Tommy Robinson, and Islamophobic slurs.[58][59] An Uber taxi was burnt and shops looted. Sunderland Central police station was set alight, and trains to Sunderland were cancelled or diverted to St Peter's.[60][61]

A hundred protestors shouting anti-immigrant slogans gathered in Liverpool on the same evening.[62][63]

The Telegraph wrote that the police had "some difficult days – and months – ahead".[64]

Aftermath

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The Merseyside Police Federation said that over fifty officers were injured, with North West Ambulance Service reporting that twenty-seven were hospitalised and twelve were discharged at the scene.[65] Merseyside Police stated that eight officers were seriously injured and three police dogs were wounded.[66]

One man from Standish was arrested on suspicion of possessing a bladed article.[67] Police put in place a 24-hour Section 60 Order giving officers further stop-and-search authority, and a Section 34 Order, allowing police to direct people who are engaging in certain activities away from the area. Merseyside Police deployed additional officers after the riot, and ambulance resources remained.[65]

According to The Independent, the Home Secretary is "reviewing whether the far-right English Defence League [...] should be made a proscribed terrorist organisation", after its connection to the riots,[29] a suggestion echoed by Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner.[68] The Reform UK leader Nigel Farage was criticised for suggesting that the truth was being withheld, and subsequently accused of inciting violence and creating conspiracy theories by a former counter-terrorism police officer,[69] as well as condemned by the husband of the murdered MP Jo Cox, who accused Farage of "inciting a riot".[70] Farage was also accused of giving legitimacy to acts of violence by Steve Rotheram, the Mayor of Liverpool City Region, after releasing a video in which he said the protests were "nothing to what could happen over the course of the next few weeks".[71]

Responses

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Prime Minister Keir Starmer wrote that those who had "hijacked the vigil for the victims" had "insulted the community as it grieves" and that rioters would feel the full force of the law.[72] On 1 August, and following a meeting with senior police officers, Starmer announced the establishment of a national violent disorder programme to facilitate greater cooperation between police forces when dealing with violent disorder.[73]

Home Secretary Yvette Cooper condemned the riot as appalling and requested a criminal investigation.[74] The MP for Southport, Patrick Hurley, said on BBC Radio 4's Today on 31 July, that the rioters were not local residents, but were "thugs who'd got the train in" and were "utterly disrespecting the families of the dead and injured children, and [...] the town".[75] The rioters had broken windows of Southport Mosque; Hurley told Today that people "were using the horrific incident on Monday, the deaths of three little kiddies, for their own political purposes".[76]

The Liverpool Region Mosque Network and the Muslim Association of Britain released statements condemning the riot.[77] Ahead of anticipated protests the following weekend, the Muslim Council of Britain recommended that mosques "review and strengthen their security protocols".[78][79]

On 2 August, and with a number of further protests expected to occur over subsequent days, Home Office minister David Hanson said that police were monitoring organisations, and would use face recognition technology to identify anyone involved in violence.[80] Jenny Sims, the Assistant Chief Constable of Merseyside Police, said the force was fully prepared for anyone intent on causing disorder.[81]

Elsewhere

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Church leaders in Northern Ireland condemned calls for anti-Islamic protests in the province on the weekend following the stabbing.[82] The Police Service of Northern Ireland have said that they are planning a proportionate response.[83]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Seven men charged with violent disorder,[4] one minor arrested on suspicion of arson.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b
    • Multiple sources:
    • Watling, Tom (31 July 2024). "Police clash with far-right mob outside Southport mosque after knife killings". The Independent. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
    • "Far-right protesters target Southport mosque, clash with UK police". Al Jazeera. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
    • Regan, Helen; Kennedy, Niamh; Ehlinger, Maija; Mendonca, Duarte; Gigova, Radina (31 July 2024). "Violent scenes as far-right protesters crash vigil for three girls killed in Southport knife attack". CNN. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
    • "Far-right protesters clash with police in English town where three children were stabbed to death". NBC News. 31 July 2024.
    • Specia, Megan (31 July 2024). "U.K. Police Officers Injured in Far-Right Riot After Deadly Stabbing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  2. ^ a b Toff, Albert (31 July 2024). "Who are the EDL? Far right group believed to be behind Southport riot". The Independent.
  3. ^ a b Al-Othman, Hannah; Grierson, Jamie; Halliday, Josh; Dodd, Vikram (31 July 2024). "Five arrested after 54 police officers injured in Southport riots". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  4. ^ Ferguson, Angela (2 August 2024). "Police 'fully prepared' for protests after Southport knife attack". BBC News. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  5. ^ Cobham, Tara (2 August 2024). "Boy, 11, arrested on suspicion of arson after police vehicle set alight in Hartlepool". The Independent. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Mackintosh, Thomas (31 July 2024). "Southport protests: More than 100 arrests as disorder spreads". BBC News. More than 100 people were arrested in central London on Wednesday evening as officers clashed with protesters on Whitehall during a demonstration.
  7. ^ "Agitators accused of Islamophobia for linking Southport attack to Muslims". Al Jazeera. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  8. ^ Sharma, Palki (2 August 2024). "Southport Riots Expose Britain's Islamophobia". FIRSTPOST. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  9. ^ "Church leaders condemn 'anti-Islamic' protests". BBC Home. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  10. ^ Rehman, Atika (31 July 2024). "Vigil for stabbing victims marred by violence outside mosque". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  11. ^ Sachin Ravikumar, Catarina Demony (3 August 2024). "Protests turn violent in Sunderland as UK unrest spreads after Southport killings". Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  12. ^ Martin, Amy-Clare (2 August 2024). "Nation braces for weekend of far-right violence with 35 protests in wake of Southport". The Independent. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  13. ^ Melley, Brian; Lawless, Jill (2 August 2024). "UK police brace for more far-right protests as government warns of tough response". AP News. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  14. ^ McKiernan, Jennifer (2 August 2024). "Far-right protesters warned 'We're watching you'". BBC Home. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  15. ^ Murray, Jessica; Gohil, Neha (2 August 2024). "Anti-racists mobilise to counter 'unprecedented' UK far-right rallies". the Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  16. ^ Kottasová, Ivana (30 July 2024). "UK in shock after one of worst knife attacks on children. Here's what we know". CNN. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Police call for end to speculation about attacker's identity". BBC News. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  18. ^ Gregory, Andy (31 July 2024). "How lies about Southport knife attack suspect led to riots and clashes with police". The Independent. Retrieved 31 July 2024. But false claims about the attacker's identity were rapidly spread on social media by right-wing accounts with large followings.
  19. ^ Greenwood, Xavier (2 August 2024). "Southport stabbings: how online disinformation ignited unrest across the UK". Tortoise. Retrieved 2 August 2024. The first known use of this name was by Bernie Spofforth, an X-user who has previously spread Covid and climate disinformation, and appeared on GB News as an anti-lockdown campaigner. The Southport murders triggered a range of disinformation from major accounts on X. The YouTuber Andrew Tate falsely claimed the attacker was an "illegal migrant", the former boxer Anthony Fowler posted a video saying it was a "fellow from Syria", while a third account called Europe Invasion said the suspect was a "Muslim immigrant". These three posts alone have had 26 million views and impressions. None have been removed.
  20. ^ Lawless, Jill (31 July 2024). "Online misinformation is fueling tensions over the Southport stabbing attack that killed 3 children". ABC News. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  21. ^ Booth, William (1 August 2024). "U.K. stabbing suspect's name released to stem misinformation, judge says". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  22. ^ a b Casciani, Dominic (2 August 2024). "Violent Southport protests reveal new tactics of the far-right". BBC News. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  23. ^ Maddox, David (31 July 2024). "Former security minister raises concerns Putin behind Southport disinformation". The Independent. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  24. ^ Cheshire, Tom; Doak, Sam (31 July 2024). "Southport attack misinformation fuels far-right discourse on social media". Sky News. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  25. ^ Lawless, Jill (31 July 2024). "Online misinformation is fueling tensions over the Southport stabbing attack that killed 3 children". AP News. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  26. ^ O'Brien, Paraic (31 July 2024). "Southport attack: how disinformation spread to start a riot". Channel 4 News. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  27. ^ a b Sands, Leo; Booth, William (31 July 2024). "Far-right rioters attack U.K. police, mosque amid false claims on stabbings". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  28. ^ Pennink, Emily (2 August 2024). "Call for urgent action to tackle 'tsunami of lies' behind Southport protest". The Independent. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  29. ^ a b c d Martin, Amy-Clare; Davis, Barney; Cobham, Tara (31 July 2024). "Fears of more far-right riots after thugs hijack horrific Southport stabbing". The Independent. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  30. ^ Jones, Owen (31 July 2024). "The Southport riot brought to light the horrifying undercurrents in British politics". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  31. ^ Stringer, Connor (30 July 2024). "Police say name of Southport stabbing suspect on social media is wrong". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 31 July 2024. Merseyside Police have warned that the name of the alleged Southport knifeman circulating on social media is wrong. Members of the public have been urged not to spread unfounded details of the attacker amid rampant speculation online.
  32. ^ "Suspect was born in Cardiff to Rwandan parents". BBC News. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024. [T]he 17-year-old [...] was born in Cardiff and moved to the Southport area in 2013. His parents are from Rwanda [...]
  33. ^ a b "Large crowd gathers outside mosque in Southport". The Guardian. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  34. ^ "Some police officers have suffered what appeared to be minor injuries in chaotic scenes outside the mosque in Southport". The Guardian. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  35. ^ Al-Othman, Hannah (30 July 2024). "Protesters barricaded themselves down a side street, dragging bins from a pub and industrial unit behind to provide more missiles to throw at police". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  36. ^ Moran, Warren (30 July 2024). "Policeman injured as protest breaks out in Southport". BBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  37. ^ a b "Police van set alight in Southport clashes". BBC News. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  38. ^ Hitchen, Lesley (30 July 2024). "Smoke canisters deployed". BBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  39. ^ "The violence and disturbances were so serious that Merseyside police called in reinforcements from as far as Wales". The Guardian. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  40. ^ "Riot police have cleared the area directly outside Southport Mosque and were standing guard with batons raised". The Guardian. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  41. ^ Al-Othman, Hannah (30 July 2024). "Darkness has now fallen and reinforcements from Greater Manchester and Lancashire police are pulling in to try and bring the situation under control". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
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  43. ^ Nicholson, Kate (31 July 2024). "How Did A Horrific Attack On Young Children Lead To A Violent Protest In Southport? Here's What You Need To Know". HuffPost UK. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  44. ^ Britton, Paul (31 July 2024). "What caused the Southport riots". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  45. ^ "Thugs hijacked Southport and families' grief, MP says". BBC News. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  46. ^ Johnston, Neil; Stringer, Connor (30 July 2024). "As angry crowd attacks police, people of Southport come to terms with tragedy". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  47. ^ "Press Release: HOPE not hate respond to unrest in Southport". Hope not Hate. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  48. ^ Kennedy, Dominic (2 August 2024). "Who are the far-right groups organising the Southport stabbing protests?". The Times. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  49. ^ Wallis, William; Stacey, Stephanie (2 August 2024). "Who is behind the UK's far-right riots?". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  50. ^ Grierson, Jamie; Al-Othman, Hannah; Halliday, Josh; Dodd, Vikram (31 July 2024). "Southport police brace for more violence from far-right 'hooligans'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  51. ^ Cobham, Tara; Davis, Barney; Evans, Holly; Stavrou, Athena (31 July 2024). "Southport protests latest: Far right mob clash with riot police near Downing Street and Cenotaph". The Independent. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  52. ^ Barton, Alex; Penna, Dominic; Evans, Martin; Stringer, Connor; Hymas, Charles; Henderson, Cameron; Sigsworth, Tim (31 July 2024). "Southport attack latest: Protesters clash with police during Southport demonstration in London". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  53. ^ Holt, James (31 July 2024). "Protest erupts into violence as man assaulted and rocks pelted at police". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  54. ^ Holt, James (31 July 2024). "Two arrested after police assaulted during violent disorder after protest". Manchester Evening News.
  55. ^ "Hartlepool protest leads to 'several' arrests". BBC News. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  56. ^ Collinson, Felicity (31 July 2024). "LIVE: Riot police line street as 'disorder' breaks out after protest". Teesside Live. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  57. ^ "Protest at Aldershot hotel criticised by MP". BBC News. 1 August 2024.
  58. ^ "Unrest in Sunderland city centre as protesters target mosque". BBC News. BBC. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  59. ^ Riddell, Kathryn (2 August 2024). "Car overturned and set on fire in Sunderland disorder as riot police attacked". Chronicle Live. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  60. ^ Dawson, Kristy (2 August 2024). "Sunderland protest updates as car overturned and riot police attacked". Chronicle Live. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  61. ^ Badshah, Nadeem; Vinter, Robyn (2 August 2024). "Police station set on fire in Sunderland as UK unrest rolls on". Retrieved 2 August 2024 – via The Guardian.
  62. ^ BBC News at Ten, BBC One, 2 August 2024
  63. ^ Stephens, Max; Hymas, Charles; Henderson, Cameron; Stringer, Connor; Johnston, Neil (2 August 2024). "Southport stabbings latest: Fire breaks out next to police station amid riot in Sunderland". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  64. ^ Wright, Ben (2 August 2024). "'We will be watching you': How police are bracing for a weekend of riots". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  65. ^ a b Whittingham, Stewart; Waddington, Marc; Shoesmith, Ian (30 July 2024). "Thugs hijacked Southport and families' grief, MP says". BBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  66. ^ Hamilton, Fiona; Bannerman, Lucy; Kampfner, Constance; Mitib, Ali (31 July 2024). "Southport riots: 'English Defence League' pelt police as fake news spreads". The Times. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  67. ^ "Man arrested and flick knife seized near a vigil for victims". The Guardian. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  68. ^ Hymas, Charles (31 July 2024). "English Defence League could be proscribed as terror organisation, suggests Rayner". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 31 July 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  69. ^ Dodd, Vikram; Quinn, Ben; Mason, Rowena (31 July 2024). "Former counter-terror chief accuses Farage of inciting Southport violence". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  70. ^ Cooke, Millie (31 July 2024). "Farage condemned for response to Southport attacks as MP accused of 'inciting riot'". The Independent. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  71. ^ Brown, Mark; Brooks, Libby (2 August 2024). "Nigel Farage giving legitimacy to violent protesters, says Liverpool mayor". Retrieved 2 August 2024 – via The Guardian.
  72. ^ "Prime minister: Rioters will 'feel the full force of the law'". The Guardian. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  73. ^ Fatima, Zahra (1 August 2024). "Starmer announces new plan for police forces to tackle violent disorder". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  74. ^ "Home secretary condemns 'violent thugs' on streets of Southport". BBC News. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  75. ^ Amos, Owen, ed. (31 July 2024). "Out of town thugs disrespected grieving families, MP says". BBC news.
  76. ^ Amos, Owen, ed. (31 July 2024). "'Beered-up thugs' attacked mosque - MP". BBC news.
  77. ^ "'Inhumane act' nothing to do with Muslim community, says mosque network". BBC News. 30 July 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  78. ^ "UK braces for more far-right protests as gov't warns of tough response". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  79. ^ Gohil, Neha; Taylor, Diane (2 August 2024). "'We don't want to feel unsafe in the place we love': Muslims and asylum seekers fear more far-right protests". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  80. ^ McKiernan, Jennifer; Farley, Harry (2 August 2024). "Far-right protesters warned 'We're watching you'". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  81. ^ Ferguson, Angela (2 August 2024). "Police 'fully prepared' for protests after Southport knife attack". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  82. ^ "Church leaders condemn 'anti-Islamic' protests". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  83. ^ McCarthy, James Martin (2 August 2024). "PSNI response amid calls to block roads in protest 'using women and children'". Belfast Live. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
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