The year 2012 saw a number of significant events in spaceflight. In May and October, the first Commercial Orbital Transportation Services resupply missions took place, during which the SpaceX Dragon became the first private spacecraft to dock with the International Space Station (ISS). In June, China launched the crewed Shenzhou 9 orbital mission, and North Korea achieved its first successful orbital launch in December. 2012 also saw China's first successful asteroid exploration mission, and the landing of NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars. The Vega and Unha-3 rockets made their maiden flights in 2012, while the Proton-K made its last.
![]() The Dragon spacecraft (pictured) conducted the first COTS demonstration logistics flight in May 2012, becoming the first commercial spacecraft to rendezvous with the International Space Station. | |
Orbital launches | |
---|---|
First | 9 January |
Last | 19 December |
Total | 77 |
Successes | 72 |
Failures | 2 |
Partial failures | 3 |
Catalogued | 75 |
National firsts | |
Satellite | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Orbital launch | ![]() |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | |
Retirements | |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 5 |
Total travellers | 15 |
EVAs | 5 |
A total of 77 orbital launches were attempted in 2012, of which 72 were successful, three were partially successful and two were failures. Five crewed orbital missions were conducted over the course of the year, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 individuals into orbit. The year also saw five EVAs by ISS astronauts. The majority of the year's orbital launches were conducted by Russia, China and the United States, with 29, 19 and 13 launches respectively. A total of 139 payloads were launched during the year, including communication and navigation satellites, logistics spacecraft and scientific probes. Additionally, a large number of suborbital sounding rockets and ballistic missiles were launched by scientific and military organisations.
Overview of orbital spaceflight
editA total of 77 orbital launches were attempted in 2012, with 72 being reported as successful, and a total of 139 payloads launched.[1] The three most prolific spacefaring nations were Russia, with 29 launches and 27 successes; China, with 19 launches, all of which succeeded; and the United States, with 13 launches, of which 12 succeeded and one was a partial failure.[1] European nations conducted eight orbital launches, all successfully, while India and Japan conducted two each, also successfully. Iran and North Korea both achieved one successful orbital launch during 2012, but Iran also suffered one launch failures, while North Korea suffered one.[2][3]
Crewed spaceflight
editFive crewed orbital launches were conducted during 2012, all successfully, carrying a total of 15 astronauts into orbit. Four of these missions were flown using Russian Soyuz spacecraft, while the fifth was a Chinese Shenzhou launch.[4] All of the year's crewed missions rendezvoused with space stations – the four Soyuz missions docked with the International Space Station (ISS), while China's Shenzhou 9 docked with the Tiangong-1 orbital laboratory. Five spacewalks were also undertaken in 2012, all by ISS crewmembers.[5][6][7][8][9]
Robotic exploration
editNumerous significant milestones in robotic spaceflight occurred in 2012, including the landing of NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars in August,[10] and the first commercial resupply missions to the ISS in May and October.[11][12] The latter also marked the first fully operational use of SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft. Elsewhere in the Solar System, NASA's Dawn spacecraft completed its mission to 4 Vesta in September 2012,[13] while China achieved its first asteroid flyby in December.
Orbital launches
editSuborbital flights
editDate and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
11 January 13:25 |
Terrier-Improved Malemute[147] | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
NASA | Suborbital | Test flight | 11 January | Successful[148] | |||
11 January 20:51 |
S-520 | Uchinoura | JAXA | ||||
JAXA/HU/TU/TU/TPU/KU/KUT | Suborbital | Atmospheric science | 11 January | Successful[149] | |||
24 January | Arrow III | Negev | IAI | ||||
IAI/IDF | Suborbital | ABM Test | 24 January | Successful[150] | |||
First test flight of the Arrow-III | |||||||
10 February 04:40 |
Prithvi | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 10 February | Successful[151] | |||
Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted | |||||||
10 February | Blue Sparrow | F-15 Eagle, Israel | IAF | ||||
Israeli Air Force | Suborbital | ABM target | 10 February | Successful[152] | |||
Arrow-3 tracking target | |||||||
13 February 09:32 |
VSB-30 | Esrange | EuroLaunch | ||||
MASER-12 | SSC | Suborbital | Microgravity | 13 February | Successful[153] | ||
19 February 05:41 |
Black Brant IX | Poker Flat | NASA | ||||
UNH | Suborbital | Auroral research | 19 February | Successful[154] | |||
22 February | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | USS Tennessee, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 February | Successful[155] | |||
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 23 (DASO-23) | |||||||
25 February 10:46 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-09 | US Air Force | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 25 February | Successful[156] | |||
22 March 09:00 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
CIBER | Caltech | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 March | Successful[157] | ||
27 March 08:58 |
Terrier-Oriole | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
ATREX | Clemson | Suborbital | Geospace | 27 March | Successful[158] | ||
27 March 08:59 |
Terrier-Improved Malemute | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
ATREX | Clemson | Suborbital | Geospace | 27 March | Successful[158] | ||
27 March 09:00 |
Terrier-Orion | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
ATREX | Clemson | Suborbital | Geospace | 27 March | Successful[158] | ||
27 March 09:02 |
Terrier-Improved Malemute | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
ATREX | Clemson | Suborbital | Geospace | 27 March | Successful[158] | ||
27 March 09:03 |
Terrier-Orion | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
ATREX | Clemson | Suborbital | Geospace | 27 March | Successful[158] | ||
5 April 14:18 |
SpaceLoft XL | Spaceport America | UP Aerospace | ||||
ORS | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 5 April | Successful[159] | |||
Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi), successfully recovered | |||||||
14 April | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | USS Maryland, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 14 April | Successful[160] | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45 | |||||||
14 April | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | USS Maryland, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 14 April | Successful[160] | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 45 | |||||||
16 April | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | USS Maryland, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 16 April | Successful[160] | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46 | |||||||
16 April | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | USS Maryland, ETR | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Test flight | 16 April | Successful[160] | |||
Follow-on Commander's Evaluation Test 46 | |||||||
19 April 02:37 |
Agni-V | Integrated Test Range | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Test flight | 19 April | Successful[161] | |||
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi), maiden flight of Agni-V | |||||||
23 April | VS-30/Orion | Andøya | DSTO | ||||
HiFire-5 | DSTO | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 23 April | Launch failure | ||
Hypersonic research experiment, second stage of launch vehicle failed to ignite | |||||||
25 April | Shaheen-IA | Sonmiani | ASFC | ||||
ASFC | Suborbital | Test flight | 25 April | Successful[162] | |||
10 May 06:18 |
Terrier Orion (ARAV-A) | FTM-16 E2a | Kauai | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 10 May | Successful[163] | |||
SM-3 Block 1B target | |||||||
10 May 06:21 |
RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B | FTM-16 E2a | USS Lake Erie, Pacific Ocean | US Navy | |||
US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 10 May | Successful[163] | |||
ARAV-A interceptor, successful intercept | |||||||
23 May 06:15 |
RS-26 Rubezh | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 May | Successful[164] | |||
7 June 17:39 |
RS-12M Topol | Kapustin Yar | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 7 June | Successful[165] | |||
21 June 10:40 |
Terrier Improved Orion | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
RockOn | Colorado | Suborbital | Student experiments | 21 June | Successful[166] | ||
22 June 19:18 |
VS-40 | Andøya | Andøya | ||||
SHEFEX II | DLR | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 22 June | Successful[167] | ||
23 June 19:30 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
EVE | CU Boulder | Suborbital | SDO calibration | 23 June | Successful[168] | ||
27 June 09:15 |
Castor 4B | FTM-18 | Kauai | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 27 June | Successful[169] | |||
SM-3 Block 1B target | |||||||
27 June 09:18 |
RIM-161C SM-3 Block 1B | FTM-18 | USS Lake Erie, Pacific Ocean | US Navy | |||
US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 27 June | Successful[169] | |||
Castor 4B interceptor, successful intercept | |||||||
3 July | Shahab-1 | Iran | IRGC | ||||
IGRC | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 July | Successful[170] | |||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
3 July | Shahab-2 | Iran | IGRC | ||||
IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 July | Successful[170] | |||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
3 July | Shahab-3 | Iran | IRGC | ||||
IRGC | Suborbital | Missile test | 3 July | Successful[170] | |||
Apogee: ~150 kilometres (93 mi) | |||||||
5 July 18:50 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
SUMI | NASA/MSFC | Suborbital | Solar research | 5 July | Successful[171] | ||
11 July 18:50 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
Hi-C | NASA/MSFC | Suborbital | Solar research | 11 July | Successful[172] | ||
13 July 04:36 |
Agni-I | Integrated Test Range | IDRDL | ||||
IDRDL | Suborbital | Missile test | 13 July | Successful[173] | |||
Apogee: ~200 kilometres (120 mi) | |||||||
23 July 11:01 |
Black Brant XI | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
IRVE-3 | NASA/Langley | Suborbital | Atmospheric entry test | 23 July | Successful[174] | ||
Apogee: ~285 miles (459 km); part of the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator programme | |||||||
24 July 19:17 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
DFS | USC | Suborbital | Solar research | 24 July | Successful[175] | ||
7 August 07:30:00[176] |
S-310 | Uchinoura | JAXA | ||||
[177] | UT/JAXA/AGU/TKD/NU/TU/KIT | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 7 August | Successful[178] | ||
9 August 03:16 |
Agni-II | ITR IC-4 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 August | Successful[179] | |||
Apogee: 220 kilometres (140 mi) | |||||||
12 September | Terrier-Lynx | Wallops Island | DoD | ||||
Shark | DoD | Suborbital | Radar target | 12 September | Successful[180] | ||
Apogee: ~300 kilometres (190 mi) | |||||||
13 September 12:30 |
Juno | Fort Wingate LC-96 | US Army | ||||
US Army | Suborbital | Target | 13 September | Successful[181] | |||
Target for MIM-104 Patriot PAC-3 MSE test, successfully intercepted | |||||||
13 September | VS-30/Orion | Andøya | DSTO | ||||
HiFire-3 | DSTO | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 13 September | Successful[182] | ||
Hypersonic research experiment, Apogee: 349 kilometres (217 mi) | |||||||
19 September 11:45[183] |
Agni-IV | ITR IC-4 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 800 kilometres (500 mi) | |||||||
21 September 13:15[184] |
Agni-III | ITR IC-4 | Indian Army | ||||
Indian Army | Suborbital | Missile test | 21 September | Successful | |||
Apogee: 450 kilometres (280 mi) | |||||||
21 September 11:16 |
Terrier Improved Malemute | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
RockSat-X | NASA | Suborbital | Student experiments | 21 September | Successful[185] | ||
Apogee: ~153 kilometres (95 mi) | |||||||
22 September 11:00 |
Talos Terrier Oriole | Wallops Island | NASA | ||||
NASA | Suborbital | Rocket test | 22 September | Successful[186] | |||
Apogee: ~269 kilometres (167 mi) | |||||||
4 October 03:37 |
Prithvi II | Integrated Test Range Launch Complex 3 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Missile test | 4 October | Successful[187] | |||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
5 October 05:55 |
Dhanush | Ship, Indian Ocean | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 5 October | Successful[188] | |||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
19 October 09:12 |
Topol M2 | Plesetsk | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 October | Successful[189] | |||
19 October | R-29R Volna | K-433 Svyatoy Georgiy Pobedonosets, Sea of Okhotsk | VMF | ||||
VMF | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 October | Successful[189] | |||
23 October | UGM-133 Trident II D5 | HMS Vigilant | Royal Navy | ||||
Royal Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 23 October | Successful[190] | |||
24 October 18:29 |
RS-26 Rubezh | Kapustin Yar | RVSN | ||||
RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 October | Successful[191] | |||
25 October | Long Range Air Launch Target | FTI-01 | C-17 Globemaster III, Pacific Ocean | MDA | |||
MDA/IMDO | Suborbital | ABM target | 25 October | Successful[192] | |||
Target for THAAD, successful intercept | |||||||
25 October | THAAD | FTI-01 | Meck Island | US Army | |||
US Army/MDA | Suborbital | ABM test | 25 October | Successful[192] | |||
Intercepted target missile | |||||||
25 October | Terrier Oriole (ARAV-B) | FTI-01 | Wake Island | MDA | |||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 25 October | Successful[192] | |||
SM-3 Block 1A target | |||||||
25 October | SM-3 Block 1A | FTI-01 | USS Fitzgerald (DDG-62), Pacific Ocean | US Navy | |||
US Navy | Suborbital | ABM test | 25 October | Spacecraft failure[192] | |||
ARAV-B interceptor, intercept failed | |||||||
25 October | SRBM | Kwajalein | MDA | ||||
MDA | Suborbital | ABM target | 25 October | Successful[192] | |||
FTI-01, Patriot PAC-3 target, successfully intercepted | |||||||
2 November 17:55 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
FOXSI | UC Berkeley | Suborbital | Solar research | 2 November | Successful[193] | ||
14 November 11:07 |
LGM-30G Minuteman III | Vandenberg LF-10 | US Air Force | ||||
US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 14 November | Successful[194] | |||
21 November 10:55 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
IMAGER | University of Massachusetts | Suborbital | Astronomy | 21 November | Successful[195] | ||
23 November | Prithvi | ITR IC-4 | DRDO | ||||
DRDO | Suborbital | Target | 23 November | Successful[196] | |||
Target for ABM test, successfully intercepted | |||||||
25 November 11:20 |
Nike-Orion | Esrange | EuroLaunch | ||||
MAPHEUS-3 | DLR | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 25 November | Successful[197] | ||
Apogee: 140 kilometres (87 mi) | |||||||
28 November | Ghauri | Tilla | Army of Pakistan | ||||
Haft-5 | Army of Pakistan | Suborbital | Missile test | 28 November | Successful[198] | ||
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) | |||||||
8 December 21:00 |
VS-30/Orion | Alcântara | AEB | ||||
Iguaiba | INPE | Suborbital | Microgravity | 8 December | Successful[199] | ||
Apogee: 428 kilometres (266 mi) | |||||||
13 December 05:20 |
Black Brant IX | White Sands | NASA | ||||
DXL | U of M | Suborbital | Astronomy | 13 December | Successful[200] | ||
17 December 07:00[201] |
S-520 | Uchinoura | JAXA | ||||
Tohoku/JAXA/Tokai | Suborbital | Microgravity | 17 December | Successful[202] | |||
Apogee: 312 kilometres (194 mi) | |||||||
20 December 03:51 |
Prithvi II | ITR IC-3 | DRDO | ||||
Strategic Force Command | Suborbital | Missile test | 20 December | Successful[203] | |||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi) |
Deep space rendezvous
editDate (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
1 January | GRAIL-B | Lunar orbit insertion | Joined its twin, GRAIL-A, which entered lunar orbit on 31 December 2011.[204] |
2 January | Cassini | 80th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 29,415 kilometres (18,278 mi).[205] |
30 January | Cassini | 81st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 31,131 kilometres (19,344 mi).[205] |
19 February | Cassini | 82nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 3,803 kilometres (2,363 mi).[205] |
9 March | Cassini | Flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi).[205] |
27 March | Cassini | 17th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: 74 kilometres (46 mi).[205] |
14 April | Cassini | 18th flyby of Enceladus Flyby of Tethys |
Closest approach to Enceladus: 74 kilometres (46 mi).[205] Closest approach to Tethys: 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi).[205] |
2 May | Cassini | 20th flyby of Enceladus Flyby of Dione |
Closest approach to Enceladus: 74 kilometres (46 mi).[205] Closest approach to Dione: 8,000 kilometres (5,000 mi).[205] |
20 May | Cassini | Flyby of Methone Flyby of Telesto |
Closest approach to Methone: 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi).[205] Closest approach to Telesto: 11,000 kilometres (6,800 mi).[205] |
21 May | Cassini | 83rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 955 kilometres (593 mi).[205] |
6 June | Cassini | 84th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 959 kilometres (596 mi).[205] |
24 July | Cassini | 85th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,012 kilometres (629 mi).[205] |
6 August | Curiosity | Landing on Mars in Gale Crater | Used the Sky Crane soft landing system. Successful landing at 05:14 UTC at coordinates 4°35′22″S 137°26′30″E / 4.5895°S 137.4417°E.[10] |
5 September[13][206] | Dawn | Leaving Vestiocentric orbit | Headed for Ceres, which it reached on 6 March 2015.[207] |
26 September | Cassini | 86th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 956 kilometres (594 mi).[205] |
13 November | Cassini | 87th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 973 kilometres (605 mi).[205] |
29 November | Cassini | 88th flyby of Titan | Closest approach to Titan: 1,014 kilometres (630 mi).[205] |
13 December | Chang'e 2 | Flyby of 4179 Toutatis | First Chinese asteroid flyby. Closest approach to 4179 Toutatis: less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) (770 metres).[208] |
17 December | GRAIL | Lunar impact at "Sally K. Ride" site | Both GRAIL satellites concluded their mission by impacting the Moon's surface.[209][210] |
22 December | Cassini | Distant flyby of Titan Flyby of Rhea |
Closest approach to Titan: 715,000 kilometres (444,000 mi).[205] Closest approach to Rhea: 23,000 kilometres (14,000 mi).[205] |
EVAs
editStart Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 February 14:31[5] |
6 hours 15 minutes |
20:46 | Expedition 29/30 | Oleg Kononenko | Moved Strela 1 crane from ISS Pirs module to Poisk module, installed four materials experiments on the exterior of the ISS, and installed supporting struts on the EVA ladder on Pirs. |
20 August 16:37[6] |
5 hours 51 minutes |
22:28 | Expedition 31/32
ISS Pirs |
Gennady Padalka | Relocated Strela 2 telescoping boom from Pirs docking compartment to Zarya control module, in preparation for undocking of Pirs, which will pave the way for arrival of the Russian Multipurpose Laboratory Module in 2013. Also installed micrometeoroid debris shields on Zvezda service module, retrieved two experiments from Pirs' exterior, installed two support struts for hatch ladder and deployed two small tracking satellites.[89] |
30 August 12:16 |
8 hours 17 minutes |
20:33 | Expedition 31/32 | Sunita Williams | Connected two power cables between the US and Russian orbital segments; removed and replaced Main Bus Switching Unit (MBSU) 1. The crew had difficulty in removing connecting bolts of the old MBSU, and were unable to tighten up the bolts for the new unit. The new MBSU was tied down for future trouble-shooting, with all other tasks deferred to a future EVA. Third-longest EVA in history.[7] |
5 September 11:06 |
6 hours 28 minutes |
17:34 | Expedition 31/32
ISS Quest |
Sunita Williams | Installed the new MBSU unit, working around difficulty with one of the bolts; replaced one of the cameras mounted on the Canadarm2. During this spacewalk, Sunita Williams broke Peggy Whitson's 2007 record for most total time spacewalking by a woman.[8][211] |
1 November 12:29 |
6 hours 38 minutes |
19:07 | Expedition 32/33
ISS Quest |
Sunita Williams | Reconfigured and isolated a leak in the ammonia cooling system of power channel 2B on the P6 truss by bypassing a leaking cooling loop and re-connecting jumpers to an unused loop of the Early External Thermal Control System (EETCS), and by redeploying the trailing Thermal Control Radiator of the system.[9][212] |
Orbital launch statistics
editBy country
editFor the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | 19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
Europe | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Iran | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
North Korea | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | First successful orbital launch | |
Russia | 26 | 24 | 1 | 1 | Includes two European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace | |
Ukraine | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Includes three Zenit from Sea Launch | |
United States | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | ||
World | 77 | 72 | 3 | 2 |
By rocket
editBy family
editFamily | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane | Europe | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | United States | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | United States | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | United States | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 October rocket failure only affected one of two payloads[110] |
H-II | Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | China | 19 | 19 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Russia | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | Iran | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Unha | North Korea | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | First successful launch |
Universal Rocket | Russia | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | |
Vega | Europe | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Zenit | Ukraine | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
By type
editRocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 | Europe | Ariane | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | United States | Atlas | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | United States | Delta | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | United States | Falcon | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Failure only affected one of two payloads |
H-IIA | Japan | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | China | Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | China | Long March | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | China | Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus | United States | Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | Russia | Universal Rocket | 11 | 9 | 1 | 1 | |
Safir | Iran | Safir | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz | Russia | R-7 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | Russia | R-7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | North Korea | Unha | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | First successful launch |
UR-100 | Russia | Universal Rocket | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Zenit | Ukraine | Zenit | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
editRocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ariane 5 ECA | Europe | Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ES | Europe | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | United States | Atlas V | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 501 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 531 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2) | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight[213] |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.0 | United States | Falcon 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Failure only affected one of two payloads |
H-IIA 202 | Japan | H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2C | China | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | China | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2F | China | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B | China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Long March 3B/E | China | Long March 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C | China | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Long March 4B | China | Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | China | Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | United States | Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-CA | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-K / Block DM-2 | Russia | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[34] |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Russia | Proton | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | Russia | UR-100 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir-1B | Iran | Safir | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz ST-A / Fregat | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | Russia | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG / Fregat | Russia | Soyuz | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | Russia | Soyuz | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha-3 | North Korea | Unha | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Zenit-3SL | Ukraine | Zenit | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
By spaceport
editSite | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Kazakhstan | 21 | 19 | 1 | 1 | |
Cape Canaveral | United States | 10 | 9 | 0 | 1 | |
Kourou | France | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | China | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Kwajalein | Marshall Islands | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ocean Odyssey | International waters | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Russia | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Semnan | Iran | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Sohae | North Korea | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | China | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | China | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 77 | 72 | 3 | 2 |
By orbit
edit- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Successes | Failures | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 39 | 37 | 2 | 0 | 12 to ISS, 1 to Tiangong-1 |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 5 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
Geosynchronous / GTO | 32 | 31 | 1 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 77 | 74 | 3 | 1 |
See also
editReferences
edit- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
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External links
edit- "Forecasts 2012: Spaceflight". Flightglobal. 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
- "The 12 Most Anticipated Space Missions of 2012". Space.com. 26 December 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
- "2012 Human Spaceflight: A Look Ahead". Discovery News. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2013.