The 1997 Madrid summit was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the sixteen members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and their partner countries held in Madrid, Spain, on 8–9 July 1997. It was the 15th NATO summit and the second in 1997, the previous one being held in Paris. The summit was notable for inviting three new members, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic to join the alliance.
| NATO Summit Madrid 1997 1997 Madrid Summit | |
|---|---|
| Host country | Spain |
| Date | 8–9 July 1997 |
| Venue(s) | Institución Ferial de Madrid |
| Cities | Madrid |
| Follows | 1997 Paris summit |
| Precedes | 1999 Washington summit |
| Website | www |
Summit
editVenue
editThe summit was held at the pavilions of the IFEMA fairgrounds. The government of Spain allocated 1.3 billion pesetas (€7.8 million) for the development of the summit.[1]
NATO Enlargement
editThe topic of enlargement was the main focus of the summit. The result of the summit was that Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic were invited to join NATO. Fellow Visegrád Group member Slovakia was excluded from this invitation. Slovakia had held a referendum on NATO membership in May 1997, but turnout in the referendum failed to achieve the required 50% of eligible voters and government sabotage was blamed, which in turn was viewed as one of a string of undemocratic measures taken by Prime Minister Vladimír Mečiar.[2] A majority of NATO members reportedly supported France's proposal to also immediately invite Romania and Slovenia as members, but this was strongly opposed by U.S. President Bill Clinton, and even an "iron-clad guarantee" that they could be invited in two years time was watered-down in favor of an "open door" policy for new potential members.[3] A main concern for the United States was the cost of potentially raising the military standards of the new Eastern European members. Estimates put this cost at as much as US$10 billion, which participants worried could lead to the treaty recognizing the new members being rejected by the Republican-held U.S. Senate.[4]
Distinctive Partnership
editAdditionally, a "Charter on a Distinctive Partnership" was signed between NATO and Ukraine, creating the NATO-Ukraine Commission and establishing relations between the two,[5] and a declaration supporting peace efforts in Bosnia-Herzegovina was read and signed by participants.[6]
Participants
editThe official meetings were led by NATO Secretary General Javier Solana. One notable absence from the summit was Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia, which was instead represented by lower level bureaucrats.[7][8]
| Non-NATO member |
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan were not member states of NATO but were invited to attend and participate in the summit.
Other events
editOn the evening of 8 July 1997, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía welcomed the heads of State, of Government, of Delegations and their companions at the Royal Palace, where they hosted a state dinner.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Spain will dedicate 1.3 billion to the NATO summit in Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 27 March 1997.
- ^ Kukan, Eduard (1999). "Slovakia and NATO". In Anton Bebler (ed.). The Challenge of NATO Enlargement. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 164–166. ISBN 0-2759-6108-7.
- ^ King, John; Hurst, Steve (8 July 1997). "NATO invites Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic to join". CNN. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ King, John (6 July 1997). "Big Issues Confront NATO at Madrid Summit". CNN. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ "NATO's relations with Ukraine". NATO. 29 September 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ Heads of State and Government of NATO (8 July 1997). "Special Declaration on Bosnia And Herzegovina" (Press release). Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ Black, Joseph Laurence (2000). Russia Faces NATO Expansion: Bearing Gifts Or Bearing Arms?. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 59–60. ISBN 0-8476-9866-1.
- ^ "Heads of Delegation". NATO. 4 July 1997. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ "Address by his Majesty King Juan Carlos I". NATO.int. NATO. 8 July 1997.