1990 Basque regional election

1990 Basque regional election
All 75 seats in the Basque Parliament; 38 seats needed for a majority
	Opinion polls
Registered	1,687,936 1.7%
Turnout	1,029,457 (61.0%); 8.6 pp
Lehendakari before election; José Antonio Ardanza; EAJ/PNV	Elected Lehendakari ; José Antonio Ardanza; EAJ/PNV

The 1990 Basque regional election was held on Sunday, 28 October 1990, to elect the 4th Parliament of the Basque Autonomous Community. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

The Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) won 22 seats, the Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) came second with 16 seats, Popular Unity (HB) came third with 13 seats and Basque Solidarity (EA) won 9 seats. The People's Party (PP) and Basque Country Left (EE) each won 6 seats.

Overview

Electoral system

The Basque Parliament was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Basque Country, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Basque Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a lehendakari.^[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 75 members of the Basque Parliament were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots^[b]—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Álava, Biscay and Guipúzcoa, with each being allocated a fixed number of 25 seats in order to provide for an equal parliamentary representation of the three provinces, as required under the regional statute of autonomy.^[1]^[2]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.^[2]^[3]

Election date

The term of the Basque Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication. The previous election was held on 30 November 1986, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 30 November 1990. The election decree was required to be published in the BOPV no later than 23 November 1993, with the election taking place up to the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Saturday, 5 January 1991.^[1]^[2]

The lehendakari had the prerogative to dissolve the Basque Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a lehendakari within a sixty-day period from the Parliament re-assembly, the Parliament was to be dissolved and a fresh election called.^[4]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Basque Parliament.

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout	PNV				EE				Lead
Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout									Lead

1990 regional election	28 Oct 1990	—	61.0	28.3 22	19.8 16	18.2 13	11.3 9	7.7 6	8.2 6	0.7 0	1.4 3	8.5

Demoscopia/El País^{[p 1]}	21 Oct 1990	?	?	27.6 21/23	20.8 17/20	17.4 12/14	10.6 7/9	8.2 7	9.7 6/8	2.8 0	0.3 0	6.8
Opina/La Vanguardia^{[p 2]}	13–16 Oct 1990	2,500	?	28.5 23/25	18.5 15/17	18.0 14/15	11.5 8/9	11.5 8/10	5.5 3/5	1.0 0	? 0/1	10.0
Metra Seis/El Independiente^{[p 3]}^{[p 4]}	14 Oct 1990	?	?	? 22/23	? 15/16	? 12/13	? 10/11	? 8/9	6.6 5/6	? 0	–	?
Bergareche/Vocento^{[p 3]}^{[p 4]}	14 Oct 1990	?	?	? 20/21	? 15	? 13	? 9	? 8/9	? 8/9	? 0/1	–	?
Sigma Dos/El Mundo^{[p 3]}^{[p 4]}	14 Oct 1990	?	?	26.0 19/22	? 17/19	? 13	? 9/10	? 8	? 6	? 0	–	?
Demoscopia/El País^{[p 5]}^{[p 6]}^{[p 7]}	27 Sep–3 Oct 1990	1,800	65	26.0 19/21	20.0 18	18.0 13/14	12.0 9/10	10.0 7/9	8.0 6/7	? 0	–	6.0
Bergareche/Vocento^{[p 8]}^{[p 9]}	1 Oct 1990	?	?	? 19/21	? 14/15	? 13	? 9	? 8	? 8/9	? 0/1	–	?
Basque Government^{[p 10]}	13–16 Dec 1989	?	?	? 20	? 18	? 13	? 8	? 7	? 9	? 0	–	?
1989 general election	29 Oct 1989	—	66.9	22.8 17	21.1 18	16.9 13	11.2 9	8.8 7	9.4 9	3.5 2	–	1.7
1989 EP election	15 Jun 1989	—	58.5	21.0 16	18.2 17	19.1 16	13.0 11	9.8 8	7.6 6	2.7 1	–	1.9
1987 foral elections	10 Jun 1987	—	67.4	21.8 16	18.9 16	19.2 15	17.6 15	9.9 7	6.2 4	3.4 2	–	2.6
1987 local elections	10 Jun 1987	—	67.6	22.2	18.7	19.1	17.9	9.4	5.4	3.0	–	3.1
1987 EP election	10 Jun 1987	—	67.3	19.4 14	19.1 17	19.6 16	16.1 13	9.7 7	7.2 6	3.9 2	–	0.2

1986 regional election	30 Nov 1986	—	69.6	23.6 17	22.0 19	17.4 13	15.8 13	10.8 9	4.8 2	3.5 2	–	1.6

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 28 October 1990 Basque Parliament election results →
Parties and alliances		Popular vote			Seats

Parties and alliances		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)	289,701	28.28	+4.68	22	+5
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)	202,736	19.79	–2.16	16	–3
	Popular Unity (HB)	186,410	18.20	+0.80	13	±0
	Basque Solidarity (EA)	115,703	11.30	–4.47	9	–4
	People's Party (PP)¹	83,719	8.17	+3.33	6	+4
	Basque Country Left (EE)	79,105	7.72	–3.11	6	–3
	United Left (IU/EB)	14,440	1.41	+0.82	0	±0
	Alavese Unity (UA)	14,351	1.40	New	3	+3
	Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)	6,680	0.65	–2.87	0	–2
	Socialist Democracy (DS)	5,023	0.49	New	0	±0
	The Ecologist Greens (LVE)	4,304	0.42	New	0	±0
	Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE)	4,303	0.42	New	0	±0
	Basque Country Greens (EHB)	4,199	0.41	New	0	±0
	Workers' Socialist Party (PST)	3,010	0.29	+0.04	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	825	0.08	–0.04	0	±0
	Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LKI–EMK)	670	0.07	New	0	±0
	Alliance for the Republic (AxR)²	669	0.07	–0.03	0	±0
	Communist Party of the Basque Country People (PCPE/EHAC)	599	0.06	New	0	±0
	Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))³	272	0.03	–0.07	0	±0
Blank ballots		7,580	0.74	+0.30

Total		1,024,299			75	±0

Valid votes		1,024,299	99.50	+0.09
Invalid votes		5,158	0.50	–0.09
Votes cast / turnout		1,029,457	60.99	–8.63
Abstentions		658,479	39.01	+8.63
Registered voters		1,687,936

Sources^[5]^[6]
Footnotes: ¹ People's Party results are compared to People's Alliance–Liberal Party totals in the 1986 election. ² Alliance for the Republic results are compared to Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party totals in the 1986 election. ³ Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) results are compared to Republican Popular Unity totals in the 1986 election.

Popular vote

EAJ/PNV			28.28%
PSE–PSOE			19.79%
HB			18.20%
EA			11.30%
PP			8.17%
EE			7.72%
IU/EB			1.41%
UA			1.40%
Others			2.98%
Blank ballots			0.74%

Seats

EAJ/PNV			29.33%
PSE–PSOE			21.33%
HB			17.33%
EA			12.00%
PP			8.00%
EE			8.00%
UA			4.00%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency	PNV		PSE		HB		EA		PP		EE		UA

	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Álava	22.3	6	21.2	6	12.7	3	8.1	2	10.8	3	6.7	2	11.1	3
Biscay	34.4	10	19.9	5	16.2	4	8.0	2	8.6	2	7.3	2	0.0	–
Guipúzcoa	20.4	6	19.0	5	23.6	6	18.0	5	6.4	1	8.8	2	0.0	–
Total	28.2	22	19.8	16	18.2	13	11.3	9	8.2	6	7.7	6	1.4	3

Sources^[5]^[6]

Aftermath

Ballot →		31 January 1991		1 February 1991
Investiture
Required majority →		38 out of 75		Simple
	José Antonio Ardanza (PNV) • PNV (22) • EA (9) • EE (6)	37 / 75	N	37 / 75	Y
	Blank ballots • PSE (16) • PP (6) • UA (3)	25 / 75		25 / 75
	Absentees • HB (13)	13 / 75		13 / 75
Sources^[5]

Notes

^ Results for AP–PL in the 1986 election.
^ Amendment from previous legislation introduced as per the 1990 electoral law

References

Opinion poll sources

^ "Elecciones de 28 de octubre de 1990 al Parlamento Vasco". Revista de Derecho Político (in Spanish). 1991.
^ "El PNV es el partido que más se beneficia de los logros de la coalición con el PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 21 October 1990.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Los sondeos pronostican una fuerte subida del PP y la victoria del PNV". ABC (in Spanish). 14 October 1990.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Los sondeos pronostican una fuerte subida del PP y la victoria del PNV". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 15 October 1990.
^ "El PNV ganará las elecciones vascas y el PP triplicará sus escaños". El País (in Spanish). 7 October 1990.
^ "PNV se consolida como ganador, el PP experimenta un gran avance y el PSOE desciende ligeramente". El País (in Spanish). 7 October 1990.
^ "Ficha técnica del sondeo". El País (in Spanish). 7 October 1990.
^ "Encuestas sobre los comicios vascos pronostican incrementos del PNV y PP". ABC (in Spanish). 1 October 1990.
^ "Encuestas sobre los comicios vascos pronostican incrementos del PNV y PP". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 1 October 1990.
^ "Una encuesta del Gobierno vasco da al PNV y al PSE la mayoría". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 3 February 1990.

Other

^ ^a ^b ^c Ley Orgánica 3/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para el País Vasco (Organic Law 3) (in Spanish). 18 December 1979. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Basque Parliament Elections Law of 1990 (Law 5) (in Spanish). 15 June 1990. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
^ Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
^ Government Law of 1981 (Law 7) (in Spanish). 30 June 1981. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco / Eusko Legebilitzarra (1980 - 2020)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Election Results Archive". euskadi.eus (in Spanish). Basque Government. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

[1] Results for AP–PL in the 1986 election.

[3] Amendment from previous legislation introduced as per the 1990 electoral law

[7] "Elecciones de 28 de octubre de 1990 al Parlamento Vasco". Revista de Derecho Político (in Spanish). 1991.

[8] "El PNV es el partido que más se beneficia de los logros de la coalición con el PSOE". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 21 October 1990.

[Polls1-9] "Los sondeos pronostican una fuerte subida del PP y la victoria del PNV". ABC (in Spanish). 14 October 1990.

[Polls2-10] "Los sondeos pronostican una fuerte subida del PP y la victoria del PNV". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 15 October 1990.

[11] "El PNV ganará las elecciones vascas y el PP triplicará sus escaños". El País (in Spanish). 7 October 1990.

[12] "PNV se consolida como ganador, el PP experimenta un gran avance y el PSOE desciende ligeramente". El País (in Spanish). 7 October 1990.

[13] "Ficha técnica del sondeo". El País (in Spanish). 7 October 1990.

[14] "Encuestas sobre los comicios vascos pronostican incrementos del PNV y PP". ABC (in Spanish). 1 October 1990.

[15] "Encuestas sobre los comicios vascos pronostican incrementos del PNV y PP". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 1 October 1990.

[16] "Una encuesta del Gobierno vasco da al PNV y al PSE la mayoría". ABC Sevilla (in Spanish). 3 February 1990.

[BasSoA-2] Ley Orgánica 3/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para el País Vasco (Organic Law 3) (in Spanish). 18 December 1979. Retrieved 17 July 2017.

[BasELaw-4] Basque Parliament Elections Law of 1990 (Law 5) (in Spanish). 15 June 1990. Retrieved 17 July 2017.

[SpaELaw-5] Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 28 December 2016.

[6] Government Law of 1981 (Law 7) (in Spanish). 30 June 1981. Retrieved 17 July 2017.

[HE-17] "Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco / Eusko Legebilitzarra (1980 - 2020)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.

[ResultsEus-18] "Election Results Archive". euskadi.eus (in Spanish). Basque Government. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

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