1937 in paleontology

	… 1927; 1928; 1929; 1930; 1931; 1932; 1933; ; 1934; 1935; 1936; 1937; 1938; 1939; 1940; ; 1941; 1942; 1943; 1944; 1945; 1946; 1947 …;
	In science 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940
	Art; Archaeology; Architecture; Literature; Music; Philosophy; Science; +...

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1937.

Plants edit

Ferns and fern allies edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Equisetum alexanderi^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A horsetail species.

Flowering plants edit

Magnoliids edit

Name	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes
Machilus americana^[2]	Sp nov	Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A Machilus species.
Machilus asiminoides^[2]	Sp nov	Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A Machilus species.
Magnolia latahensis^[2]	Comb nov	(Berry) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	synonymy Magnolia sp. of Knowlton (1926) Magnolia californica auct. non Lesquereux, nec Berry, 1929	A Magnolia species. Moved from Apocynophyllum latahense (1929)

Monocots edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Smilax magna^[2]	Syn nov		Chaney	Miocene	Eagle Creek Formation	USA Oregon	Aristolochia whitebirdensis (1932) Smilax lamarensis non Knowlton nec Berry 1929	A greenbriar species.

Basal Eudicots and unplaced core Eudicots edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Tetracera spokanensis^[2]	Sp nov	jr synonym	Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington		First described as a Tetracera species. Moved to Castanopsis spokanensis (1959)^[3]
Vitis washingtonensis^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	synonymy Acer merriami Auct non. Knowlton. nec Knowlton, (1926) Acer sp. Berry, (1929) Cercis idahoensis p.p. Berry, (1930) Cercis idahoensis p.p. Berry, (1934) Menispermites latahensis Berry, (1929) Populus lindgreni Auct non. Knowlton. nec Knowlton, (1926) Populus lindgreni Auct non. Knowlton. nec Berry, (1934)	A grape species Moved from Populus washingtonensis (1926)	Vitis washingtonensis

Superasterids - basal edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Philadelphus pardeei^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	Phyllites peculiaris Knowlton (1926)	A Philadelphus species. Moved from Phyllites pardeei (1926)	Philadelphus pardeei
Vaccinium sophoroides^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	synonymy Arctostaphylos knowltoni Berry (1929) Cassia sophoroides (Knowlton) Berry (1929) p.p. Diospyros princetonia non Cockerell nec Berry (1929) Salix perplexa Knowlton (1926) p.p.	A Vaccinium species. Moved from Phyllites sophoroides (1926)	Vaccinium sophoroides

Superasterids edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Aralia republicensis^[2]	Nom nov.	jr synonym	Brown	Eocene Ypresian	Okanagan Highlands Klondike Mountain Formation	USA Washington	Aralia whitneyi non Lesquereux nec Berry, (1929) Platanus appendiculata non Lesquereux nec Berry, (1929)	First named as an Aralia species. A new name for Republic flora fossils A jr synonym of Macginitiea gracilis (1987)	Macginitiea gracilis
Arbutus idahoensis^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene	Payette Formation	USA Idaho	synonymy Arbutus traini MacGinitie (1933) Arbutus sp. of Chaney (1925) p.p. Betula aequalis non Lesquereux nec Knowlton (1898) Celastrus lacoei non Lesquereux nec Berry (1929) Laurus princeps non Heer nec Berry (1929) Myrica lanceolata Knowlton (1898) p.p.	An Arbutus species. Moved from Myrica? idahoensis (1898)
Hydrangea fraxinifolia^[2]	Comb nov		(Berry) Brown	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	USA Colorado	synonymy Magnolia sp. of Knowlton (1926) Fraxinus heerii Lesquereux, 1878 Fraxinus praedicta auct. non Heer, nec Lesquereux, 1878 Juglans affinis Kirchner, 1898 Hydrangea florissantia Cockerell, 1908	A Hydrangea species. Moved from Celastrus fraxinifolius (1883)
Mahonia reticulata^[2]	Comb nov		(MacGinitie) Brown	Miocene	Strawberry Volcanics "Blue Mountains flora"	USA Oregon	synonymy Odostemon hollicki auct. non Dorf. nec. MacGinitie (1933) Mahonia hollicki (Dorf) Arnold (1936)	An Oregon grape species. Moved from Clematis reticulata (1933)
Viburnum fernquisti^[2]	Comb nov		(Berry) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A viburnum species. Moved from Ribes fernquisti (1929)^[4]
Viburnum lantanafolium^[2]	Syn nov		Berry	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	Aesculus hesperia Berry (1929)	A viburnum species. One species synonymized in.

Superrosids edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Acer bendirei^[2]	Syn nov		Lesquereux	Miocene	Mascall Formation	USA Oregon	synonymy Acer dimorphum Lesquereux (1888) Acer medianum Knowlton (1902) Acer minor Knowlton (1902) p.p. Acer oregonianum Knowlton (1902) p.p. Acer osmonti Lesquereux (1888) p.p. non Kirchner nec Berry (1934) Cf. Quercus pseudolyrata non Lesquereux nec Knowlton (1926)	A maple species. A number of occurrences synonymized in.
Acer osmonti^[2]	Syn nov		Knowlton	Eocene	John Day Formation "Bridge Creek Flora"	USA Oregon	synonymy Acer chaneyi Knowlton (1926) Acer florissanti non Kirchner nec Berry (1934) Acer gigas Knowlton (1902) Cf. Quercus pseudolyrata non Lesquereux nec Knowlton (1926) Acer oregonianum auct. non Knowlton nec. Berry (1934)	A maple species. A number of occurrences synonymized in.
Alnus carpinoides^[2]	Syn nov		Lesquereux	Eocene	John Day Formation "Bridge Creek flora"	USA Oregon	Alnus prerhombifolia Berry (1929) Betula thor Knowlton 1926)	An alder species. Two species synonymized in.	Alnus relatus
Alnus relatus^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	synonymy Betula elliptica auct. non Saporta nec Lesquereux (1883) Betula heteromorpha auct. non Knowlton nec. Brooks (1935) Prunus rustii auct. non Knowlton nec. Berry (1929)	An alder species. Moved from Phyllites relatus (1926)	Alnus relatus
Betula fairii^[2]	Comb nov		Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	synonymy Betula bryani Knowlton 1926 Betula heteromorpha Knowlton 1926 p.p. Betula largei Knowlton 1926	A birch species. Three species synonymized in	Betula fairii
Betula vera^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A birch species.
Carya simulata^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene	Mascall Formation	USA Oregon		A hickory species. Moved from Aesculus simulata (1902)
Cotinus fraterna^[2]	Syn nov		(Lesquereux) Cockerell	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	USA Colorado	Andromeda delicatula Lesquereux (1888)	A cotton-easter species. One species synonymized in.
Dilodendron boreale^[2]	Sp nov		Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington		A sapindaceous species.
Dipteronia insignis^[2]	Comb nov	Jr synonym	(Lesquereux) Brown	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	USA Colorado	synonymy Comptonia acutiloba (Lesquereux) Cockerell (1906) Rhus subrhomboidalis Lesquereux (1883)	A sapindaceous species. Moved from Comptonia insignis (1906) First named Myrica insignis (1874) Moved to Bohlenia insignis (1987)
Fagus washoensis^[2]	Syn nov		LaMotte	Miocene	Cedarville Formation	USA Nevada	Amygdalus alexanderi Berry (1929)	A beech species. One species synonymized in.
Paliurus florissanti^[2]	Syn nov		Lesquereux	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation	USA Colorado	Acalypha myricina Cockerell (1909)	A rhamnaceous species. Acalypha myricina (1909) synonymized in
Pterocarya mixta^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene	Mascall Formation	USA Oregon		A wingnut species. Moved from Salix mixta (1902)
Salix spokanensis^[2]	Comb et syn nov		(Berry) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	Vaccinium spokanense (1929)	A willow species. Moved from Rhamnus spokanensis (1929)	Salix spokanensis
Zelkova oregoniana^[2]	Comb nov		(Knowlton) Brown	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation	USA Washington	synonymy Fagopsis longifolia auct. non (Lesquereux) Hollick nec. Berry (1929) Ulmus fernquisti Knowlton (1926)	A Zelkova species. Moved from Myrica oregoniana (1902)

Angiosperms - other edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Carpites boraginoides	Comb nov	valid?	Knowlton	Miocene Langhian	Latah Formation Coeur d'Alene Florule	Carpolithus hibiscoides Brown (1935)	USA Idaho	A fruit or seed of uncertain affinity One species synonymized in Suggested to possibly be boraginaceous or malvaceous	Carpites boraginoides

Arthropods edit

Insects edit

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Protrogosita^[5]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Piton & Théobald	Thanetian	Menat Formation	France	A Trogossitid bark gnawing beetle	Protrogosita distincta

Vertebrates edit

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[6]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Jaxartosaurus^[7]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Riabinin	Late Cretaceous		Kazakhstan China	A Lambeosaurine.
Parksosaurus^[8]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Sternberg	Maastrichtian	Horseshoe Canyon Formation	Canada ( Alberta)	A parksosaurid	Parksosaurus

Name	Status	Authors	Age	Location	Notes	Images
Cyonosaurus	Valid	Olson	255 Millions of years ago	South Africa	A Gorgonopsian.	Cyonosaurus
Micrictodon	Junior Synonym				Junior Synonym of Thrinaxodon.
Moschoides	Valid
Myctosuchus	Valid
Newtonella	Valid
Nitosaurus	Valid
Procynosuchus	Valid	Broom	255 Millions of years ago	Germany Russia South Africa Tanzania	One of the Earliest-Known Cynodonts.	Procynosuchus
Sinokannemeyeria	Valid	Young	245 Millions of years ago	China	A Chinese Kannemeyerid Dicynodont.	Sinokannemeyeria

Popular culture edit

Amusement parks and attractions edit

August 28th: The Calgary Zoo's Prehistoric Park opened. Paleontologist Darren Tanke has described Prehistoric Park as "an extensive treed park and pathways containing numerous life-sized concrete dinosaurs and other prehistoric life". It also had "two long, walkthrough display buildings containing a Corythosaurus skeleton and individual dinosaur bones", as well as exhibits of paleozoic invertebrates and prehistoric plants. It became a popular attraction among visitors to the zoo.^[9]

Literature edit

In 1937, Morant imagined a feathered dinosaur-like animal that lived during the Triassic and glided about on four wings. This portrayal reflected contemporary scientific speculations attempting to reconstruct the hypothetical ancestor of birds. Fossils from China later revealed the existence of just this sort of animal.^[10]

References edit

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Brown, R. W. (1937). Additions to some fossil floras of the Western United States (PDF) (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 186. United States Geological Survey. pp. 163–206. doi:10.3133/pp186J.
^ Chaney, R.; Axelrod, D. (1959). Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod. Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 1–226.Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau at the HathiTrust Digital Library
^ Berry, E.W. (1929). A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 225–265. doi:10.3133/pp154h. 154-H.
^ Piton, L.; Théobald, N. (1937). "Les lignites et schistes bitumineux de Menat (Puy-de-Dôme). II: Les insectes fossiles de Menat". Revue des Sciences Naturelles d'Auvergne. 3 (2): 76–88.
^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ Riabinin, A.N. 1937. A new finding of dinosaurs in the Trans-Baikal region. Ezheg Vserossijskogo Pal. Obstcg. 11: pp. 142–144.
^ Sternberg, C.H. 1937. Classification of Thescelosaurus: A description of a new species. Proc. Geol. Soc. Amer. 1936: p. 375.
^ D. H. Tanke. 2010. Lost in plain sight: rediscovery of William E. Cutler's missing Eoceratops. In M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 541–550.
^ Sarjeant, W. A. S., 2001, Dinosaurs in fiction: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 504–529.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[Brown1937-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Brown, R. W. (1937). Additions to some fossil floras of the Western United States (PDF) (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 186. United States Geological Survey. pp. 163–206. doi:10.3133/pp186J.

[Columbia1959-3] Chaney, R.; Axelrod, D. (1959). Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau: Part II. Systematic Considerations, by Ralph W. Chaney and Daniel I. Axelrod. Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 1–226.Miocene Floras of the Columbia Plateau at the HathiTrust Digital Library

[Berry1929-4] Berry, E.W. (1929). A revision of the flora of the Latah Formation (Report). Professional Paper. United States Geological Survey. pp. 225–265. doi:10.3133/pp154h. 154-H.

[Piton&Théobald1937-5] Piton, L.; Théobald, N. (1937). "Les lignites et schistes bitumineux de Menat (Puy-de-Dôme). II: Les insectes fossiles de Menat". Revue des Sciences Naturelles d'Auvergne. 3 (2): 76–88.

[ddinogeorge-6] Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.

[7] Riabinin, A.N. 1937. A new finding of dinosaurs in the Trans-Baikal region. Ezheg Vserossijskogo Pal. Obstcg. 11: pp. 142–144.

[8] Sternberg, C.H. 1937. Classification of Thescelosaurus: A description of a new species. Proc. Geol. Soc. Amer. 1936: p. 375.

[cutler-9] D. H. Tanke. 2010. Lost in plain sight: rediscovery of William E. Cutler's missing Eoceratops. In M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press, Bloomington 541–550.

[sarjeant-fic-10] Sarjeant, W. A. S., 2001, Dinosaurs in fiction: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 504–529.

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