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1814–15 United States House of Representatives elections

(Redirected from 1814 New Hampshire's at-large congressional district special election)

The 1814–15 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 26, 1814, and August 10, 1815. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 14th United States Congress convened on December 4, 1815. They occurred during President James Madison's second term. Elections were held for all 182 seats, representing 18 states.

1814–15 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1812 & 1813 April 26, 1814 – August 10, 1815[a] 1816 & 1817 →
All 182[b] seats in the United States House of Representatives
92 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry Clay Timothy Pitkin
Party Democratic-Republican Federalist
Leader's seat Kentucky 2 Connecticut at-large
Last election 114 seats 68 seats
Seats won 118[b] 64
Seat change Increase 5 Decrease 4
Speaker before election

Langdon Cheves
Democratic-Republican

Elected Speaker

Henry Clay
Democratic-Republican

This election happened in the middle of the War of 1812. The war was extremely unpopular in certain regions, particularly New England. The failed American invasion of Upper Canada (Ontario) and the 1814 Burning of Washington were embarrassing military setbacks, but the Democratic-Republican Party remained dominant and the declining Federalist Party was unable to convert war opposition into political gain.

This election marked the first in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, this happened again in 1822 and 1902.

Election summaries

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↓
118 64
Democratic-Republican Federalist
State Type Date Total
seats 		Democratic-
Republican 		Federalist
Seats Change Seats Change
New York Districts April 26–28, 1814 27 21  12 6  12
Louisiana At-large July 4–6, 1814 1 1   0  
Kentucky Districts August 3, 1814 10 10   0  
New Hampshire At-large August 29, 1814 6 0   6  
Rhode Island At-large August 30, 1814 2 0   2  
Vermont At-large September 6, 1814 6 0  6 6  6
Connecticut At-large September 19, 1814 7 0   7  
Georgia At-large October 3, 1814 6 6   0  
Maryland Districts 9 4  2 5  2
Delaware At-large October 4, 1814 2 0   2  
New Jersey At-large October 10–11, 1814 6 6  4 0  4
South Carolina Districts 9 8  1 1  1
Ohio Districts October 11, 1814 6 6   0  
Pennsylvania Districts 23 18  4 5  4
Massachusetts Districts November 7, 1814[c] 20 2  2 18  2
Late elections (After the March 4, 1815 beginning of the term)
Virginia Districts April 1815 23 19  2 4  2
Tennessee Districts August 3–4, 1815 6 6   0  
North Carolina Districts August 10, 1815 13 11  1 2  1
Total[b] 182 118
64.8% 		 4 64
35.2% 		 4
House seats
Dem-Republican
 
 65.03%
Federalist
 
 34.97%

Special elections

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See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

There were special elections in 1814 and 1815 to the 13th United States Congress and 14th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

13th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Kentucky 2 Henry Clay Democratic-
Republican 		1810 Incumbent resigned January 19, 1814 to travel to Europe for the War of 1812 negotiations.
New member elected February 28, 1814 and seated March 29, 1814.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was not a candidate for re-election; see below.
Massachusetts 4
"Middlesex district" 		William M. Richardson Democratic-
Republican 		1811 (special) Incumbent resigned April 18, 1814.
New member elected May 23, 1814 and seated September 22, 1814.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was re-elected; see below.
Virginia 11 John Dawson Democratic-
Republican 		1797 Incumbent died March 31, 1814.
New member elected June 1814 and seated January 11, 1815.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was later re-elected; see below.
Massachusetts 12
"Berkshire district" 		Daniel Dewey Federalist 1812 Incumbent resigned February 24, 1814, to become associate judge of the Massachusetts SJC.
New member elected August 4, 1814 and seated September 26, 1814.[1]
Federalist hold.
Winner was later re-elected; see below.
New Hampshire at-large Samuel Smith Federalist 1812 Incumbent resigned May 21, 1814.[e]
In the August 29, 1814 special election, no candidate received the required majority to be elected. The seat was left vacant for the remainder of the Congress.[7]
Federalist loss.
Tennessee 5 Felix Grundy Democratic-
Republican 		1811 Incumbent resigned in 1814.
New member elected September 15–16, 1814 and seated October 15, 1814.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner was re-elected; see below.
New Jersey 3
"Southern district" 		Jacob Hufty Federalist 1808 Incumbent died May 20, 1814.
New member elected October 10–11, 1814 and seated November 2, 1814.[1]
Democratic-Republican gain.
By the time of the special election the legislature had reinstated at-large elections. This was the second of three cases when the special election was held on a different basis than the general election.
Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term; see below.
Missouri Territory at-large Edward Hempstead Democratic-
Republican 		1812 (new seat) Incumbent served until September 17, 1814.
New delegate elected September 17, 1814 and seated November 16, 1814.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Ohio 6 Reasin Beall Democratic-
Republican 		1813 (special) Incumbent resigned June 7, 1814.
New member elected October 11, 1814 and seated December 22, 1814.[1]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 2 Jonathan Roberts Democratic-
Republican 		1810 Incumbent resigned February 24, 1814, when elected U.S. Senator.
New member elected October 11, 1814 and seated November 29, 1814.[1]
Federalist gain.
Winner lost election to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania 3 James Whitehill Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent resigned September 1, 1814, to engage in mercantile pursuits.
New member elected October 12, 1814 and seated December 12, 1814.[1]
Federalist gain.
Winner elected to the next term; see below.

14th Congress

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District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Massachusetts 3
"Essex North district" 		Daniel A. White Federalist 1814 Member-elect declined the seat to become Probate Judge in Essex County.
New member elected July 17, 1815 and seated December 4, 1815.[14]
Federalist hold.
New York 6 Jonathan Fisk Democratic-
Republican 		1808
1810 (retired)
1812 		Incumbent resigned in March 1815 when appointed U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York.
New member elected in April 1815 and seated December 4, 1815.[14]
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 12 Benjamin Pond Democratic-
Republican 		1810 Incumbent died October 14, 1814.
New member elected in April 1815 and seated December 7, 1815.[14]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 15 Matthew Clay Democratic-
Republican 		1797
1812 (lost)
1815 		Incumbent died May 27, 1815.
New member elected in October 1815 and seated December 5, 1815.[14]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 1 Jonathan Williams Democratic-
Republican 		1814 Incumbent died May 16, 1815.
New member elected October 10, 1815 and seated December 6, 1815.[14]
Federalist gain.
Pennsylvania 3 Amos Ellmaker Democratic-
Republican 		1814 (special) Incumbent resigned July 3, 1815 to become President Judge of the 12th Judicial District.
New member elected October 10, 1815 and seated December 4, 1815.[14]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 9 David Bard Democratic-
Republican 		1794
1798 (lost)
1802 		Incumbent died March 12, 1815.
New member elected October 10, 1815 and seated December 11, 1815.[14]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky 2 Henry Clay Democratic-
Republican 		1810
1814 (resigned)
1814 		Seat declared vacant in 1815 by the governor after Henry Clay was appointed minister plenipotentiary to Great Britain.[16]
Incumbent re-elected October 30, 1815 to fill his own vacancy and seated December 4, 1815.[14]
Democratic-Republican hold.
Tennessee 2 John Sevier Democratic-
Republican 		1790 (N.C.)
1790 (retired)
1811 		Incumbent died September 24, 1815.
New member elected December 7–8, 1815 and seated January 8, 1816.[14]
Democratic-Republican hold.

Connecticut

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut
See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut

Connecticut held its election September 19, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut at-large
7 seats on a general ticket 		Epaphroditus Champion Federalist 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
John Davenport Federalist 1798 Incumbent re-elected.
Lyman Law Federalist 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
Jonathan O. Moseley Federalist 1804 Incumbent re-elected.
Benjamin Tallmadge Federalist 1801 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Timothy Pitkin Federalist 1805 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Lewis B. Sturges Federalist 1805 (special) Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware
See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware

Delaware held its election October 4, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Delaware at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		Henry M. Ridgely Federalist 1810 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
Thomas Cooper Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia
See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia

Georgia held its election October 3, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		John Forsyth Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Alfred Cuthbert Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
George M. Troup Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
William Barnett Democratic-Republican 1812 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Bolling Hall Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
Thomas Telfair Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.

Illinois Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Indiana Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky
See also: 1814 Kentucky's 2nd congressional district special election, 1815 Kentucky's 2nd congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from Kentucky

Kentucky held its elections August 3, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1 James Clark Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 2 Joseph H. Hawkins Democratic-Republican 1814 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.[g]
Kentucky 3 Richard M. Johnson Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 4 Joseph Desha Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 5 Samuel Hopkins Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Alney McLean (Democratic-Republican) 54.1%
  • ▌Anthony New (Democratic-Republican) 27.1%
  • ▌Rezin Davidge (Unknown) 18.8%
Kentucky 6 Solomon P. Sharp Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 7 Samuel McKee Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 8 Stephen Ormsby Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky 9 Thomas Montgomery Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Kentucky 10 William P. Duval Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Louisiana

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in Louisiana
See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana held its election July 4–6, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Louisiana at-large Thomas B. Robertson Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent re-elected.

Maryland

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland

Maryland held its elections October 3, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Maryland 1 Philip Stuart Federalist 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 2 Joseph Kent Democratic-
Republican 		1810 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Maryland 3 Alexander C. Hanson Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 4 Samuel Ringgold Democratic-
Republican 		1810 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Maryland 5
Plural district with 2 seats 		Nicholas R. Moore Democratic-
Republican 		1803
1810 (lost)
1812 		Incumbent re-elected.
Alexander McKim Democratic-
Republican 		1808 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Maryland 6 Stevenson Archer Democratic-
Republican 		1811 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Stevenson Archer (Democratic-Republican) 51.8%
  • ▌Abraham Jarrett (Federalist) 48.1%
Maryland 7 Robert Wright Democratic-
Republican 		1810 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Robert Wright (Democratic-Republican) 52.5%
  • ▌Samuel W. Thomas (Federalist) 47.5%
Maryland 8 Charles Goldsborough Federalist 1804 Incumbent re-elected.

Massachusetts

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Main article: 1814–1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts
See also: 1814 Massachusetts's 4th congressional district special election, 1814 Massachusetts's 12th congressional district special election, 1815 Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from Massachusetts

Massachusetts held its elections November 7, 1814. State law required a majority vote for election which was not met in two districts, leading to a second election January 6, 1815.

District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1
"Suffolk district" 		Artemas Ward Jr. Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Artemas Ward Jr. (Federalist) 96.9%
  • ▌Benjamin Austin (Democratic-Republican) 3.1%
Massachusetts 2
"Essex South district" 		Timothy Pickering
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 89.2%
  • ▌Daniel Kilham (Democratic-Republican) 10.8%
Massachusetts 3
"Essex North district" 		William Reed
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Federalist 1810 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
Successor declined the seat before Congress convened, causing a special election.
  • ▌ Y Daniel A. White (Federalist) 89.6%
  • ▌Thomas Kitteridge (Democratic-Republican) 10.2%
Massachusetts 4
"Middlesex district" 		Samuel Dana Democratic-
Republican 		1814 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Massachusetts 5
"Hampshire South district" 		William Ely Federalist 1804 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
  • ▌ Y Elijah H. Mills (Federalist) 89.4%
  • ▌Enos Foot (Democratic-Republican) 10.6%
Massachusetts 6
"Hampshire North district" 		Samuel Taggart Federalist 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7
"Berkshire district" 		John W. Hulbert
Redistricted from the 12th district 		Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John W. Hulbert (Federalist) 55.6%
  • ▌William P. Walker (Democratic-Republican) 44.4%
Massachusetts 8
"Plymouth district" 		William Baylies
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William Baylies (Federalist) 65.3%
  • ▌Seth Sprague (Democratic-Republican) 33.5%
  • ▌Joseph Rice (Democratic-Republican) 1.2%
Massachusetts 9
"Barnstable district" 		John Reed Jr.
Redistricted from the 8th district 		Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John Reed Jr. (Federalist) 78.4%
  • ▌Thomas Hazard Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 19.5%
  • ▌Joseph Dimmick (Democratic-Republican) 2.1%
Massachusetts 10
"Bristol district" 		Laban Wheaton
Redistricted from the 9th district 		Federalist 1808 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 11
"Worcester South district" 		Elijah Brigham
Redistricted from the 10th district 		Federalist 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Elijah Brigham (Federalist) 66.2%
  • ▌John Spurr (Democratic-Republican) 33.8%
Massachusetts 12
"Worcester North district" 		Abijah Bigelow
Redistricted from the 11th district 		Federalist 1810 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
  • ▌ Y Solomon Strong (Federalist) 74.8%
  • ▌Edmund Cushing (Democratic-Republican) 25.2%
Massachusetts 13
"Norfolk district" 		Nathaniel Ruggles Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 14
"1st Eastern district"
District of Maine 		Cyrus King Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 15
"2nd Eastern district"
District of Maine 		George Bradbury Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 16
"3rd Eastern district"
District of Maine 		Abiel Wood
Redistricted from the 17th district 		Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Massachusetts 17
"4th Eastern district"
District of Maine 		John Wilson
Redistricted from the 18th district 		Federalist 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
First ballot (November 7, 1814)
Second ballot (January 6, 1815)
Massachusetts 18
"5th Eastern district"
District of Maine 		James Parker
Redistricted from the 19th district 		Democratic-
Republican 		1813 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Massachusetts 19
"6th Eastern district"
District of Maine 		Samuel Davis
Redistricted from the 16th district 		Federalist 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
First ballot (November 7, 1814)
  • ▌Samuel S. Conner (Democratic-Republican) 49.3%
  • ▌Timothy Boutelle (Federalist) 48.8%
  • ▌William Reed (Democratic-Republican) 1.5%
  • Others 0.4%
Second ballot (January 6, 1815)
  • ▌ Y Samuel S. Conner (Democratic-Republican) 52.4%
  • ▌Timothy Boutelle (Federalist) 47.6%
Massachusetts 20
"7th Eastern district"
District of Maine 		Levi Hubbard Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Albion Parris (Democratic-Republican) 56.6%
  • ▌Samuel A. Bradley (Federalist) 43.4%

Mississippi Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

Missouri Territory

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See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire
See also: 1814 New Hampshire's at-large congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from New Hampshire

New Hampshire held its election August 29, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Hampshire at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		William Hale Federalist 1808
1810 (lost)
1812 		Incumbent re-elected.
Daniel Webster Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Roger Vose Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Jeduthun Wilcox Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Bradbury Cilley Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Samuel Smith Federalist 1812 Incumbent resigned May 21, 1814.
Federalist hold.

New Jersey

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey
See also: 1814 New Jersey's 3rd congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from New Jersey

New Jersey held its election October 10–11, 1814. The state returned to an at-large basis for electing its representatives, abolishing the short-lived districts of the previous election.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
New Jersey at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		Jacob Hufty Federalist 1808 Incumbent died May 20, 1814.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Successor was not a candidate that same day to finish the term; see above.
  • ▌ Y Henry Southard (Democratic-Republican) 8.6%
  • ▌ Y Lewis Condict (Democratic-Republican) 8.6%
  • ▌ Y Ephraim Bateman (Democratic-Republican) 8.6%
  • ▌ Y Ezra Baker (Democratic-Republican) 8.6%
  • ▌ Y Benjamin Bennet (Democratic-Republican) 8.6%
  • ▌ Y Thomas Ward (Democratic-Republican) 8.6%
  • ▌John Frelinghuysen (Federalist) 8.1%
  • ▌John N. Cumming (Federalist) 8.1%
  • ▌James Parker (Federalist) 8.1%
  • ▌James Giles (Federalist) 8.0%
  • ▌Samuel W. Harrison (Federalist) 8.0%
  • ▌Jacob S. Thompson (Federalist) 8.0%
Lewis Condict
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
James Schureman
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Federalist 1789
1798 (lost)
1813 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Richard Stockton
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Federalist 1813 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
William Coxe Jr.
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Federalist 1813 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Thomas Ward
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent re-elected.

New York

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
See also: 1815 New York's 6th congressional district special election, 1815 New York's 12th congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from New York

New York held its elections April 26–28, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
New York 1
Plural district with 2 seats 		Ebenezer Sage Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y George Townsend (Democratic-Republican) 26.8%
  • ▌ Y Henry Crocheron (Democratic-Republican) 26.8%
  • ▌William Townsend (Federalist) 22.7%
  • ▌Cornelius Bedell (Federalist) 22.6%
John Lefferts Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 2
Plural district with 2 seats 		William Irving Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Jotham Post Jr. Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New York 3 Peter Denoyelles Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
New York 4 Thomas J. Oakley Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New York 5 Thomas P. Grosvenor Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 6 Jonathan Fisk Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Incumbent resigned at the beginning of the term, triggering a special election.
  • ▌ Y Jonathan Fisk (Democratic-Republican) 78.0%
  • ▌Jonas Storey (Federalist) 22.0%
New York 7 Abraham J. Hasbrouck Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Samuel Betts (Democratic-Republican) 56.6%
  • ▌Elnathan Sears (Federalist) 43.7%
New York 8 Samuel Sherwood Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
Loser successfully challenged the election.
New York 9 John Lovett Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 10 Hosea Moffitt Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 11 John W. Taylor Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John W. Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 57.8%
  • ▌Elisha Powell (Federalist) 42.2%
New York 12
Plural district with 2 seats 		Zebulon R. Shipherd Federalist 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Elisha I. Winter Federalist 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Successor died before the next term began, triggering a special election.
New York 13 Alexander Boyd Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y John B. Yates (Democratic-Republican) 57.8%
  • ▌Lawrence Vrooman (Federalist) 42.2%
New York 14 Jacob Markell Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
  • ▌ Y Daniel Cady (Federalist) 51.9%
  • ▌John McCarthy (Democratic-Republican) 48.1%
New York 15
Plural district with 2 seats 		Isaac Williams Jr. Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Jabez D. Hammond (Democratic-Republican) 28.0%
  • ▌ Y James Birdsall (Democratic-Republican) 27.8%
  • ▌Robert Campbell (Federalist) 22.2%
  • ▌Tracy Robinson (Federalist) 22.0%
Joel Thompson Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New York 16 Morris S. Miller Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
New York 17 William S. Smith Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Loser successfully challenged the election.
New York 18 Moss Kent Federalist 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Moss Kent (Federalist) 53.9%
  • ▌Samuel Whittlesey (Democratic-Republican) 46.1%
New York 19 James Geddes Federalist 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
New York 20
Plural district with 2 seats 		Daniel Avery Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Enos T. Throop (Democratic-Republican) 36.8%
  • ▌ Y Oliver C. Comstock (Democratic-Republican) 36.5%
  • ▌Emanuel Coryell (Federalist) 13.4%
  • ▌Seth Phelps (Federalist) 13.3%
Oliver C. Comstock Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
New York 21
Plural district with 2 seats 		Samuel M. Hopkins Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Micah Brooks (Democratic-Republican) 27.6%
  • ▌ Y Peter B. Porter (Democratic-Republican) 27.1%
  • ▌Daniel W. Lewis (Federalist) 22.7%
  • ▌Richard Smith (Federalist) 22.6%
Nathaniel W. Howell Federalist 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.

North Carolina

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Main article: 1815 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina

North Carolina held its elections August 10, 1815.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Carolina 1 William H. Murfree Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 2 Willis Alston Democratic-Republican 1798 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Joseph H. Bryan (Democratic-Republican) 52.2%
  • ▌Thomas Burgess (Federalist) 47.8%
North Carolina 3 William Kennedy Democratic-Republican 1803
1810 (lost)
1813 (special) 		Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y James W. Clark (Democratic-Republican) 53.3%
  • ▌James B. Haughton (Federalist) 46.7%
North Carolina 4 William Gaston Federalist 1813 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 5 William R. King Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 6 Nathaniel Macon Democratic-Republican 1791 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 71.6%
  • ▌William Person (Federalist) 28.4%
North Carolina 7 John Culpepper Federalist 1806
1808 (contested)
1808 (special)
1813 		Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John Culpepper (Federalist) 86.6%
  • ▌Richard Powell (Unknown) 3.6%
  • ▌Benjamin Robinson (Unknown) 3.0%
  • ▌John Winslow (Unknown) 1.0%
North Carolina 8 Richard Stanford Democratic-Republican 1796 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Richard Stanford (Democratic-Republican) 52.3%
  • ▌Roger Tillman (Democratic-Republican) 47.3%
North Carolina 9 Bartlett Yancey Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Bartlett Yancey (Democratic-Republican) 60.0%
  • ▌John Caldwell (Federalist) 25.9%
  • ▌Alexander Sneed (Unknown) 14.1%
North Carolina 10 Joseph Pearson Federalist 1808 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican gain.
North Carolina 11 Peter Forney Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Daniel M. Forney (Democratic-Republican) 53.0%
  • ▌Joseph Graham (Federalist) 47.0%
North Carolina 12 Israel Pickens Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
North Carolina 13 Meshack Franklin Democratic-Republican 1806 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Ohio

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
See also: 1814 Ohio's 6th congressional district special election and List of United States representatives from Ohio

Ohio held its elections October 11, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Ohio 1 John McLean Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 2 John Alexander Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 3 William Creighton Jr. Democratic-
Republican 		1813 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 4 James Caldwell Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 5 James Kilbourne Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y James Kilbourne (Democratic-Republican) 45.4%
  • ▌Samuel MacCulloch (Democratic-Republican) 24.3%
  • ▌Philemon Beecher (Federalist) 21.2%
  • ▌Robert E. Slaughter (Democratic-Republican) 4.6%
  • ▌Robert Cloud (Democratic-Republican) 2.2%
  • ▌Hiram M. Curry (Democratic-Republican) 2.2%
Ohio 6 Reasin Beall Democratic-
Republican 		1813 (special) Incumbent resigned June 7, 1814.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Winner also elected to finish the current term.
  • ▌ Y David Clendenin (Democratic-Republican) 55.7%
  • ▌Lewis Kinney (Democratic-Republican) 24.7%
  • ▌John G. Young (Democratic-Republican) 15.2%
  • ▌Thomas G. Jones (Democratic-Republican) 4.4%

Pennsylvania

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
See also: 1814 Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district special election, 1814 Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district special election, 1815 Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district special election, 1815 Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district special election, 1815 Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania held its elections October 11, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[18]
Pennsylvania 1
Plural district with 4 seats 		Adam Seybert Democratic-Republican 1809 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
William Anderson Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Charles J. Ingersoll Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
John Conard Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Pennsylvania 2
Plural district with 2 seats 		Roger Davis Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Jonathan Roberts Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent resigned February 24, 1814, when elected U.S. Senator.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor was not elected to finish the current term.
Pennsylvania 3
Plural district with 2 seats 		James Whitehill Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent resigned September 1, 1814, to engage in mercantile pursuits.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Successor had already been elected to finish the current term.
Edward Crouch Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 4 Hugh Glasgow Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 5
Plural district with 2 seats 		William Crawford Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William Maclay (Democratic-Republican) 27.6%
  • ▌ Y William Crawford (Democratic-Republican) 25.7%
  • ▌Edward Crawford (Federalist) 23.9%
  • ▌Alexander Cobean (Federalist) 19.7%
John Rea Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 6
Plural district with 2 seats 		Samuel D. Ingham Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Robert Brown Democratic-Republican 1798 (special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 7 Daniel Udree Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 8 William Piper Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William Piper (Democratic-Republican) 62.4%
  • ▌John Anderson (Federalist) 37.6%
Pennsylvania 9 David Bard Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y David Bard (Democratic-Republican) 78.0%
  • ▌John Blair (Federalist) 22.0%
Pennsylvania 10
Plural district with 2 seats 		Isaac Smith Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Jared Irwin Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 11 William Findley Democratic-Republican 1802 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William Findley (Democratic-Republican) 55.3%
  • ▌James Brady (Federalist) 44.7%
Pennsylvania 12 Aaron Lyle Democratic-Republican 1808 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Aaron Lyle (Democratic-Republican) 61.3%
  • ▌Obadiah Jennings (Federalist) 34.2%
  • ▌Thomas L. Birch (Democratic-Republican) 4.4%
Pennsylvania 13 Isaac Griffin Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 14 Adamson Tannehill Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Pennsylvania 15 Thomas Wilson Democratic-Republican 1813 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas Wilson (Democratic-Republican) 78.1%
  • ▌Epaphroditus Cossitt (Federalist) 21.9%

Rhode Island

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in Rhode Island
See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island

Rhode Island held its election August 30, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Rhode Island at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		Richard Jackson Jr. Federalist 1808 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.
Elisha R. Potter Federalist 1808 Incumbent retired.
Federalist hold.

South Carolina

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina

South Carolina held its elections October 10–11, 1814.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
South Carolina 1 Langdon Cheves Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Henry Middleton (Democratic-Republican) 62.8%
  • ▌Thomas Rhett Smith (Federalist) 37.2%
South Carolina 2 William Lowndes Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Theodore Gourdin Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
South Carolina 4 John J. Chappell Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 David R. Evans Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
South Carolina 6 John C. Calhoun Democratic-Republican 1810 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John C. Calhoun (Democratic-Republican)[f]
  • ▌Benjamin C. Yancey (Democratic-Republican)
South Carolina 7 Elias Earle Democratic-Republican 1805 (special)
1806 (lost)
1810 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
South Carolina 8 Samuel Farrow Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent retired.[i]
Democratic-Republican hold.
South Carolina 9 John Kershaw Democratic-Republican 1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Tennessee

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Main article: 1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee
See also: 1814 Tennessee's 5th congressional district special election, 1815 Tennessee's 2nd congressional district special election, and List of United States representatives from Tennessee

Tennessee held its elections August 3–4, 1815.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 John Rhea Democratic-
Republican 		1803 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Tennessee 2 John Sevier Democratic-
Republican 		1790 (N.C.)
1790 (retired)
1811 		Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3 Thomas K. Harris Democratic-
Republican 		1813 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Tennessee 4 John H. Bowen Democratic-
Republican 		1813 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Bennett H. Henderson (Democratic-Republican) 66.1%
  • ▌Archibald W. Overton (Unknown) 23.4%
  • ▌Willis Jones (Unknown) 10.5%
Tennessee 5 Newton Cannon Democratic-
Republican 		1814 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6 Parry W. Humphreys Democratic-
Republican 		1813 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.

Vermont

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Main article: 1814 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont
See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont

Vermont held its elections September 6, 1814. Voters swung from one party to the other. The margins were close, actually, but to toss the entire six-member delegation out of office.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Vermont at-large
6 seats on a general ticket 		William C. Bradley Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
William Strong Democratic-
Republican 		1810 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
James Fisk Democratic-
Republican 		1805
1808 (lost)
1810 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Charles Rich Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Richard Skinner Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.
Ezra Butler Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist gain.

Virginia

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Main article: 1815 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia
See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia

Virginia held its elections in April 1815.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d]
Virginia 1 John G. Jackson Democratic-Republican 1803
1810 (resigned)
1813 		Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 2 Francis White Federalist 1813 Incumbent lost re-election.
Federalist hold.
Virginia 3 John Smith Democratic-Republican 1801 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Henry S. Tucker (Democratic-Republican) 71.5%
  • ▌Griffin Taylor (Federalist) 27.6%
Virginia 4 William McCoy Democratic-Republican 1811 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William McCoy (Democratic-Republican) 51.0%
  • ▌Robert Porterfield (Federalist) 49.0%
Virginia 5 James Breckinridge Federalist 1809 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 6 Daniel Sheffey Federalist 1809 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 7 Hugh Caperton Federalist 1813 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
Virginia 8 Joseph Lewis Jr. Federalist 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 9 John Hungerford Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John Hungerford (Democratic-Republican) 56.9%
  • ▌William Brent (Democratic-Republican) 43.1%
Virginia 10 Aylett Hawes Democratic-Republican 1811 Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Aylett Hawes (Democratic-Republican) 59.4%
  • ▌John Scott (Federalist) 40.6%
Virginia 11 Philip P. Barbour Democratic-Republican 1814 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 12 John Roane Democratic-Republican 1809 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 13 Thomas M. Bayly Federalist 1811 Incumbent retired.
Democratic-Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Burwell Bassett (Democratic-Republican) 52.6%
  • ▌John Eyre (Federalist)
Virginia 14 William A. Burwell Democratic-Republican 1806 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 15 John Kerr Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican) 42.5%
  • ▌John Kerr (Democratic-Republican) 34.1%
  • ▌William Rice (Federalist) 20.3%
  • ▌White (Federalist) 3.1%[j]
Virginia 16 John W. Eppes Democratic-Republican 1803
1811 (lost)
1813 		Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Virginia 17 James Pleasants Democratic-Republican 1811 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 18 Thomas Gholson Jr. Democratic-Republican 1808 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 19 Peterson Goodwyn Democratic-Republican 1803 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 20 James Johnson Democratic-Republican 1813 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 21 Thomas Newton Jr. Democratic-Republican 1797 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 22 Hugh Nelson Democratic-Republican 1811 Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 23 John Clopton Democratic-Republican 1801 Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates

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See also: Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

Four territories sent delegates to the 14th Congress. There was no election held in Illinois Territory

District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Illinois Territory at-large No election held
Indiana Territory at-large Jonathan Jennings Democratic-
Republican 		1809 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi Territory at-large William Lattimore Democratic-
Republican 		1803
1807 (unknown)
1813 		Incumbent re-elected.
Missouri Territory at-large Edward Hempstead Democratic-
Republican 		1812 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Rufus Easton (Democratic-Republican) 36.7%
  • ▌Alexander MacNair (Unknown) 33.1%
  • ▌Samuel Hammond (Democratic-Republican) 28.8%
  • ▌Thomas (Federalist)
  • ▌Riddick (Unknown) 1.4%

This was the last election for Indiana Territory, as it was admitted to the Union as a state in 1816. In Missouri Territory, Hempstead resigned and Easton also filled his seat for the remainder of the 13th Congress

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Excludes states admitted during the 14th Congress
  2. ^ a b c Includes late elections
  3. ^ Massachusetts law required a majority vote for election, which was not met in two districts, requiring a second election, held on January 6, 1815.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed.
  5. ^ Samuel Smith's resignation is not mentioned in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.[6]
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.
  7. ^ a b Henry Clay was elected to the 2nd district, which he had represented in the 12th and 13th Congresses until he resigned to accept a position as diplomatic envoy to Great Britain. He was still out of the country at the time of the general election. Kentucky's governor, unsure of the implications of a situation in which Clay held the office of United States Representative and diplomatic envoy simultaneously, declared his seat vacant. A subsequent special election was held in 1815, which Clay won without opposition, See above. Although the district was unrepresented from the March 4, 1815 (the start of the 14th Congress) until October 30, 1815, the 14th Congress did not meet until December 4, 1815[14] so there was no effective vacancy.
  8. ^ a b Won special election to fill vacancy in 13th Congress.
  9. ^ a b The source indicates uncertainty as to whether Farrow ran in 1814.
  10. ^ a b Source did not provide full name.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Thirteenth Congress March 4, 1813, to March 3, 1815". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved October 22, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ "Kentucky 1815 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  3. ^ "Massachusetts 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, Middlesex District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on August 11, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  4. ^ "Virginia 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 15, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  5. ^ "Massachusetts 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, Berkshire District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  6. ^ United States Congress. "Samuel Smith (id: S000608)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  7. ^ a b "New Hampshire 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
  8. ^ "Tennessee 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, District 5, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 24, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ "New Jersey 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  10. ^ "Missouri 1814 U.S. House of Representatives (Territorial Delegate)". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  11. ^ "Ohio 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  12. ^ "Pennsylvania 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  13. ^ "Pennsylvania 1814 U.S. House of Representatives, District 3, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Fourteenth Congress March 4, 1815, to March 3, 1817". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on October 22, 2018. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
  15. ^ "Massachusetts 1815 U.S. House of Representatives, Essex North District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  16. ^ United States Congress. "Henry Clay (id: c000482)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
  17. ^ "Kentucky 1815 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  18. ^ Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682–2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.

Bibliography

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