The 10.5 cm Festungs und Belagerungs Kanone C/85 was a fortress and siege gun produced in Germany and used by Romania during the Second Balkan War and World War I.

10.5 cm Kanone C/85
TypeFortress gun
Siege gun
Place of origin German Empire
Service history
In service1885-1918
Used by Kingdom of Romania
 Kingdom of Bulgaria
WarsBalkan Wars
World War I
Production history
DesignerKrupp
Designed1885
ManufacturerKrupp
No. built60
Specifications
MassTravel: 3,400 kg (7,500 lb)
Combat: 2,600 kg (5,700 lb)
Barrel length3.68 m (12 ft 1 in) L/35
Height2.2 m (7 ft 3 in)

ShellSeparate-loading, bagged charges and projectiles
Shell weight16 kg (35 lb 4 oz)
HE, Shrapnel
Caliber105 mm (4.1 in)
BreechHorizontal sliding-block
CarriageBox trail
Elevation-5° to +35°
Traverse
Rate of fire2 rpm
Muzzle velocity480–610 m/s (1,600–2,000 ft/s)
Maximum firing range9.5–11 km (5.9–6.8 mi)[1]

Design

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The C/85 was fairly conventional for its time and most nations had similar guns such as its Russian cousin the 42-line fortress and siege gun Pattern of 1877 or its French rival the Canon de 120 mm modèle 1878. The C/85 used a predecessor of Krupp's sliding-block breech known as a cylindro-prismatic breech and the gun used separate-loading, bagged charges, and projectiles. Like many of its contemporaries, the C/85 had a box trail carriage, no gun shield, two wooden-spoked steel-rimmed wheels, an unsprung axle, and no recoil mechanism. The carriages were tall because the guns were designed to sit behind a parapet with the barrel overhanging the front in the fortress artillery role or behind a trench or berm in the siege role. In these roles, it provided long-range, low-angle, counter-battery fire against enemy artillery.[2]

An early drawback of the gun was that it required considerable time to prepare a firing platform made of concrete or timbers before use. An external recoil cylinder was then bolted to the platform and connected to an eyelet on the bottom of the gun carriage. Without it, the gun had no recoil mechanism and when fired the gun rolled back onto a set of ramps behind the wheels and then slid back into position. Since it lacked a recoil mechanism it had to be levered into position and re-aimed after every shot, which was strenuous, time-consuming, and limited its rate of fire. The height of the gun also limited the rate of fire since a gun crew needed to lift a 16 kg (35 lb 4 oz) projectile to shoulder height.[2]

An early modification to make the guns suitable for field use was the fitting of Bonagente grousers to the wheels to improve balance and reduce ground pressure on soft ground. A bonus was they slowed recoil and didn't require extensive site preparation to bring the guns into action. For transport, the gun was attached to a limber for towing by a horse team or artillery tractor.[2]

Romanian Use

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In 1891 the Romanians ordered 60 C/85 guns and in Romanian service, they were given the designation Tunul Krupp, calibrul 105 mm, model 1891, and were used during the Second Balkan War. In 1916 they were deployed at Tutrakan and Cernavoda, equipping two heavy artillery regiments: the 2nd regiment had 24 guns, and the 3rd regiment had 36 guns.[1] By the beginning of 1918, only 24 remained in service.[3]

Bulgarian Use

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After the Romanian campaign, Bulgaria used 31 guns captured from the Romanians for the remainder of World War I under the Bulgarian designation 105-мм нескорострелно оръдие Д-35.[1]

Surviving examples

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Krupp 105mm_Romania". www.bulgarianartillery.it. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  2. ^ a b c Fleischer, Wolfgang (February 2015). German artillery: 1914-1918. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. pp. 19, 46–47, 56 and 92. ISBN 9781473823983. OCLC 893163385.
  3. ^ Stroea, Adrian; Băjenaru, Gheorghe (2010). Artileria româna în date si imagini [Romanian artillery in data and images] (in Romanian). Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei. p. 60. ISBN 978-606-524-080-3.