Wa (Mongolic)

Wa
Wa
	<img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mongolian_letter_Wa_%28isolated_form%29.svg/140px-Mongolian_letter_Wa_%28isolated_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420">
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

Wa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^: 38^[3]^: 44–45
w (v)	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠸ‍ ^{[note 2]}	Initial
‍ᠸ‍ ^{[note 3]}	Medial (syllable-initial)
‍ᠸ‍ ^{[note 3]}	Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠸ^⟨?⟩ ⟨‍ᠧ⟩ ^{[note 4]}	Final

C-V syllables^[3]^: 44–45
w‑a, w‑e^[a]	wa, we	wi	wo, wu	wö, wü	Transliteration
—	ᠸᠠ ^{[note 5]}	ᠸᠢ	ᠸᠣ᠋	ᠸᠥ᠋	Alone
	ᠸᠠ‍	ᠸᠢ‍	ᠸᠣ‍	ᠸᠥ‍	Initial
	‍ᠸᠠ‍	‍ᠸᠢ‍	‍ᠸᠣ‍		Medial
‍ᠸ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ⟨ ⟩ ^{[note 6]}	‍ᠸᠠ	‍ᠸᠢ	‍ᠸᠣ		Final

Transcribes Chakhar /w/;^[9]^[12] Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter в.^[3]^[4]
Used to transcribe foreign words (originally for v in Sanskrit व /va/). Transcribes /w/ in Tibetan ཝ /wa/;^[13]^: 254^[5]^: 28^[14]^: 113 Old Uyghur and Chinese loanwords.^[2]^: 34–35

Indistinguishable from ē, except when inferred by its placement: typically between vowels, but also when it follows a consonant and precedes a vowel.^[2]^: 38 In many xylographs also indistinguishable from the straight form of y ⟨ ⟩.^[15]^: 59

Derived from Old Uyghur bet (𐽱),^[16]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[14]^{: 111, 113} and waw (𐽳, before a separated vowel).^{[citation needed]}
Produced with ⇧ Shift+W using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[17]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, w comes after r.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

^ ^[8]^[9]

^ Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.^[4]
^ As in ᠸᠴᠢᠷ wčir (очир ochir) 'thunderbolt', or ᠸᠢᠸᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳ vivangkirid/wiwanggirid (вивангирид vivangirid) 'prophecy'.^[5]^: 12, 30^[3]^: 44^[6]
^ As in ᠳᠠᠸᠠ dawa (даваа davaa) 'Monday', or ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ^⟨?⟩ pawlow.^[7]^: 74^[3]^: 44–45
^ As in ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ^⟨?⟩ pawlow.^[3]^: 45^[6]
^ As in ᠸᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠯ wa/waγ‑a/waγal (ваа/ваал vaa/vaal) 'fungoid growth, mold'.^[11]^: 894
^ As in ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰᠠᠳ᠋ᠸ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ bodisad(u/w)‑a (бодисадва bodisadva) 'bodhisattva'.^[11]^: 109^[3]^: 45^[6]

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ ^a ^b Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
^ "UNU/IIST Report No. 170 Traditional Mongolian Script in the ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode Standards" (PDF). BabelStone. Aug 1999.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ ^a ^b Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[10]
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "BabelStone : Mongolian and Manchu Resources". BabelStone (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[14] [8]^[9]

[5] Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.^[4]

[8] As in ᠸᠴᠢᠷ wčir (очир ochir) 'thunderbolt', or ᠸᠢᠸᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳ vivangkirid/wiwanggirid (вивангирид vivangirid) 'prophecy'.^[5]^: 12, 30^[3]^: 44^[6]

[10] As in ᠳᠠᠸᠠ dawa (даваа davaa) 'Monday', or ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ^⟨?⟩ pawlow.^[7]^: 74^[3]^: 44–45

[11] As in ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ^⟨?⟩ pawlow.^[3]^: 45^[6]

[17] As in ᠸᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠯ wa/waγ‑a/waγal (ваа/ваал vaa/vaal) 'fungoid growth, mold'.^[11]^: 894

[18] As in ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰᠠᠳ᠋ᠸ᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ bodisad(u/w)‑a (бодисадва bodisadva) 'bodhisattva'.^[11]^: 109^[3]^: 45^[6]

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Janhunen2006-2] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[Skorodumova2000-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[EKIMn2006-4] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[Poppe1974-6] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[MnToli-7] "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Sanders2015-9] Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.

[Report170-12] "UNU/IIST Report No. 170 Traditional Mongolian Script in the ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode Standards" (PDF). BabelStone. Aug 1999.

[CJVLang2013-13] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[15] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-16] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[10]

[StudyMn2013-19] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[BabelStone-20] "BabelStone : Mongolian and Manchu Resources". BabelStone (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Clauson2005-21] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[Grønbech1993-22] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[Daniels1996-23] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[24] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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