Yibin (simplified Chinese: 宜宾; traditional Chinese: 宜賓; pinyin: Yíbīn; Wade–Giles: I-pin; Sichuanese Pinyin: ȵi2bin1; Sichuanese pronunciation: [ɲi˨˩pin˥]) is a prefecture-level city in the southeastern part of Sichuan province, China, located at the junction of the Min and Yangtze Rivers. Its population was 4,588,804 inhabitants, according to the 2020 census, of whom 2,158,312 lived in the built-up area comprising three urban districts.
Yibin
宜宾市 | |
|---|---|
 View of Yibin from Cuiping Mountain | |
 Location of Yibin City (jurisdiction) in Sichuan | |
  Yibin Location in Southwest China  Yibin Yibin (China) | |
| Coordinates (Yibin municipal government): 28°45′07″N 104°38′35″E / 28.752°N 104.643°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Sichuan |
| Municipal seat | Xuzhou District |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 13,293.89 km2 (5,132.80 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 80 km2 (30 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,131 km2 (437 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 321 m (1,053 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 4,588,804 |
| • Density | 350/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,158,312 |
| • Urban density | 27,000/km2 (70,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,158,312 |
| • Metro density | 1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 152.6 billion US$ 24.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 34,060 US$ 5,469 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 644000 |
| Area code | 0831 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SC-15 |
| Licence Plate Prefix | 川Q |
| Website | yibin |
History
editHuman habitation of Yibin dates back at least 4,000 years. At that time, this place was one of the important birthplaces of ancient Bashu culture.Yibin was established as a county in the Han dynasty (206 BC − AD 220). Under the Ming and Qing, the town and its hinterland was known as Xuzhou Commandery (t 敘州府, s 叙州府, p Xùzhōufǔ), which was variously romanized as Suifu,[4] Suifoo,[citation needed] and Suchow.[5] Its population around 1907 was estimated at 50,000.[6]
Geography and climate
edit
Yibin is located in the southeast portion of Sichuan at the southern end of the Sichuan Basin, bordering Zhaotong (Yunnan) to the south, Luzhou to the east, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Leshan to the west, and Zigong to the north, and has a total area is 13,283 square kilometres (5,129 sq mi). The city ranges in latitude from 27° 50'−29° 16' N, and in longitude from 103° 36'−105° 20' E, stretching 153 km (95 mi) east-west and 150 km (93 mi) north-south.
The city is located at the confluence of the Min and Yangtze Rivers. Above Yibin, the Yangtze is also known as the Jinsha River. Below Yibin, the Yangtze is known in Chinese as the Chang Jiang or "Long River."
As with the rest of the Sichuan Basin, Yibin has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) with high humidity year-round; winters are short and mild while summers are long, hot, and humid. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 7.9 °C (46.2 °F) in January to 26.9 °C (80.4 °F) in July and August; the annual mean is 18.03 °C (64.5 °F). Despite its location in the Yangtze River valley, it is still 1.5 to 2.0 °C (2.7 to 3.6 °F) cooler than Chongqing, located further downstream, in its warmest months. Frost is uncommon and the frost-free period lasts 347 days.[7] Rainfall is common year-round but is the greatest in July and August, with very little of it in the cooler months. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 10% in December and January to 42% in August, the city receives only 1,018 hours of bright sunshine annually; Yibin has one of the lowest annual sunshine totals nationally, lower than even nearby Chengdu and Chongqing. Spring (March–April) tends to be sunnier and warmer in the day than autumn (October–November).
| Climate data for Yibin, elevation 341 m (1,119 ft), (1991–2017 normals, extremes 1971–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
25.2 (77.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.7 (94.5) |
37.1 (98.8) |
37.2 (99.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
42.2 (108.0) |
38.3 (100.9) |
31.0 (87.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.8 (89.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
12.0 (53.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.7 (65.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
18.3 (65.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.7 (45.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.8 (0.74) |
21.5 (0.85) |
35.1 (1.38) |
63.3 (2.49) |
85.9 (3.38) |
154.8 (6.09) |
185.3 (7.30) |
184.2 (7.25) |
116.1 (4.57) |
64.1 (2.52) |
28.7 (1.13) |
18.4 (0.72) |
976.2 (38.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.6 | 10.1 | 12.5 | 13.7 | 14.0 | 16.5 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 14.8 | 17.0 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 158.7 |
| Average snowy days | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 79 | 75 | 73 | 72 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 81 | 83 | 82 | 83 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 26.9 | 38.2 | 73.3 | 106.6 | 112.5 | 92.0 | 133.5 | 139.8 | 77.5 | 44.1 | 38.2 | 28.0 | 910.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 8 | 12 | 20 | 27 | 27 | 22 | 32 | 35 | 21 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 20 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9]all-time extreme temperature[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[7] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
edit
| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| Cuiping District | 翠屏区 | Cuìpíng Qū | 836,383 | 1,123 | 745 |
| Nanxi District | 南溪区 | Nánxī Qū | 335,805 | 704 | 477 |
| Xuzhou District | 叙州区 | Xùzhōu Qū | 813,057 | 3,034 | 268 |
| Jiang'an County | 江安县 | Jiāng'ān Xiàn | 399,829 | 910 | 439 |
| Changning County | 长宁县 | Chángníng Xiàn | 340,016 | 975 | 349 |
| Gao County | 高县 | Gāo Xiàn | 411,118 | 1,323 | 310 |
| Junlian County | 筠连县 | Jūnlián Xiàn | 329,056 | 1,254 | 262 |
| Gong County | 珙县 | Gǒng Xiàn | 379,798 | 1,150 | 330 |
| Xingwen County | 兴文县 | Xīngwén Xiàn | 377,162 | 1,373 | 275 |
| Pingshan County | 屏山县 | Píngshān Xiàn | 249,777 | 1,437 | 174 |
Economy
editThe city's industry focuses on electronics, food products, and power generation. It also produces paper, silk, and leather products. The surrounding region is rich in agricultural resources, growing rice, barley, oil seeds, sesame, and tea.
The largest employer in Yibin is Wuliangye Yibin, a company best known for Wuliangye, a brand of sorghum-based distilled spirits known as baijiu. The Wuliangye Group grew from a small company employing just 300 people in 1977 into a large company employing over 20,000 on a seven-square-kilometer plant. According to an August 2005 article in a securities weekly, the Wuliangye Group is 72% state-owned and provides 70% of the revenues of Yibin City, a major regional center at the head of the Yangtze in southeastern Sichuan. In 2004 6,225 retired military worked for the company, out of a total work force of over 20,000. A third of top management positions are held by retired members of the military.[11] Unsuccessful efforts to diversify its business, poor transparency and a murky ownership pictures are among the company's problems today.[12]
Education
editThere are several notable education institutes, including Yibin University, also known as Yiyuan, which offers a range of academic programs in a picturesque setting in Cuiping, Yibin. The university is known for providing a secure academic environment. Yibin Vocational and Technical College, held by the Yibin Municipal People's Government, is another prominent institute offering vocational and technical programs to equip students with practical skills.
Transportation
editThe region's natural waterways provide transportation links with the surrounding area, and Yibin is also connected to Chongqing and Chengdu by rail and express highway. Yibin's proximity to the Yunnan and Guizhou borders also means that transportation to the provinces is available by rail and by bus.
Yibin has three bridges over the Chang Jiang section of the Yangtze and ten bridges over the Jinsha.
Yibin Wuliangye Airport offers flights to Beijing, Guangzhou, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Kunming, Lhasa, Sanya, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xi'an, and Yichang.
Yibin opened the world's second Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit/"trackless tram" system in December 2019.
| Line | System | Locale | Length | Stations | Opened |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line T1 | Yibin ART[13] | Yibin | 17.7 km (11.0 mi)[14] | 17 | 2019-12-05 |
Yibin T1 ART line | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Tourism
editThere are several hot springs near Yibin, plus many other tourist attractions. Such attractions include the Bamboo Sea in Changning County and the Xingwen Stone Forest. Yibin is also the confluence of the Min and Jinsha Rivers, which together form the Chang Jiang as the Yangtze River is known in Chinese, from Yibin to Shanghai. Cuiping Mountain Park (翠屏山公园; Cuìpíng Shān Gōngyuán), located west of the confluence of those two rivers, provides views of downtown Yibin.
Yibin in literature
edit- Dragonfly Eyes by Cao Wenxuan[15]
Notes
edit- ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
- ^ "China: Administrative Division of Sìchuān / 四川省". citypopulation.de.
- ^ 四川省统计局、国家统计局四川调查总队 (2016). 《四川统计年鉴－2016》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5037-7871-1.
- ^ Saul B. Cohen, ed. (1998). "Yibin". The Columbia Gazetteer of the World. Vol. 3. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 3527. ISBN 0-231-11040-5. LCCN 98-071262. OCLC 164337564. "Formerly called Suifu."
- ^ EB (1887).
- ^ EB (1911).
- ^ a b 宜宾 - 气象数据 -中国天气网. Weather China.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". Retrieved 2024-09-22.
- ^ "An Army of Production Out of Uniform: Retired Soldiers at Wuliangye", PLA Daily July 29, 2004
- ^ "Stockholder Interests Poorly Represented, This is How Profits Slip Away," Bond Market Weekly, August 22, 2005
- ^ https://www.intelligentliving.co/china-art-t1-train-virtual-painted-tracks/ China’s New ART T1 Train Runs On Virtual Painted Tracks
- ^ "宜宾：全球首条智能轨道快运系统运营线开通". 2019-12-05.
- ^ Mei Jia (27 July 2016). "Readers relishing Cao Wenxuan's latest novel". China Daily. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
References
edit- Baynes, T. S.; Smith, W. R., eds. (1887), , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 22 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 617.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 26 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 7.
External links
edit- Official city website
- Unofficial city briefing of Yibin
- Yibin City on bashu.net
- Yibin on chinaculture.org
- China Life Records: "A typical fourth-tier city, home to 4.6 million people, there are 90 of these cities in China", Video, YouTube, 4 February 2024