Bighorn Dam (or Bighorn Hydro Plant) is an embankment dam in Clearwater County in west-central Alberta, Canada. It was built by Calgary Power in 1972, and led to the creation of Lake Abraham, Alberta's largest reservoir.[2] The dam and associated hydroelectric plant are managed by TransAlta.

Bighorn Dam
A section of the Bighorn Dam
Official nameBighorn Dam
LocationClearwater County, Alberta, Canada
Construction began1972
Opening date1972
Owner(s)TransAlta
Dam and spillways
Type of damEmbankment dam
ImpoundsNorth Saskatchewan River
Height94m[1]
Reservoir
CreatesLake Abraham
Surface area53.7 km2 (20.7 sq mi)
Maximum length32 km (20 mi)
Maximum width3.3 km (2.1 mi)
Normal elevation1,340 m (4,400 ft)
Power Station
Commission date1972
Hydraulic head91 m (299 ft) (Max)[1]
Installed capacity120 MW[2]
Capacity factor38.8%
Annual generation408 GWh (1,470 TJ)[2]

Planning of the dam involved no evaluation of the social and environmental effects it may have caused, and no public hearings were held prior to the construction either. The construction of the Bighorn dam flooded the Kootenay Plains and stopped the livelihood (hunting and fur trapping) of the Bighorn Stoney Indigenous that had lived in that area.  It had flooded their cabins, graves and pastures.[3]

The Bighorn Plant is the second largest hydro facility owned by TransAlta (the largest being Brazeau Dam), with a capacity of 120 megawatts (MW). However, it has an available water supply that allows it to be the largest producer of hydroelectric energy in Alberta, with an average of 408 gigawatt-hours (1.47 PJ) each year.[2]

The plant is one of two TransAlta hydroelectric plants on the North Saskatchewan River system in Alberta.

The dam was built in 1972 in the mountain gap at Windy Point, in the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rockies, west of the confluence of the North Saskatchewan River and the Bighorn River.

Climate

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Climate data for Bighorn Dam
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.0
(57.2)
15.5
(59.9)
21.0
(69.8)
25.0
(77.0)
29.0
(84.2)
33.3
(91.9)
33.0
(91.4)
33.0
(91.4)
31.1
(88.0)
25.5
(77.9)
16.5
(61.7)
15.5
(59.9)
33.3
(91.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.1
(30.0)
1.0
(33.8)
4.3
(39.7)
9.3
(48.7)
14.1
(57.4)
18.0
(64.4)
21.2
(70.2)
20.7
(69.3)
15.7
(60.3)
9.9
(49.8)
2.4
(36.3)
−1.4
(29.5)
9.5
(49.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.2
(19.0)
−5.8
(21.6)
−2.2
(28.0)
2.8
(37.0)
7.5
(45.5)
11.5
(52.7)
14.2
(57.6)
13.5
(56.3)
8.6
(47.5)
3.7
(38.7)
−3.1
(26.4)
−7
(19)
3.0
(37.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.2
(8.2)
−12.4
(9.7)
−8.7
(16.3)
−3.7
(25.3)
0.9
(33.6)
5.0
(41.0)
7.2
(45.0)
6.2
(43.2)
1.5
(34.7)
−2.6
(27.3)
−8.6
(16.5)
−12.5
(9.5)
−3.4
(25.9)
Record low °C (°F) −44.5
(−48.1)
−43.5
(−46.3)
−36.1
(−33.0)
−21
(−6)
−13.5
(7.7)
−3.3
(26.1)
−3
(27)
−4.5
(23.9)
−11.5
(11.3)
−30.5
(−22.9)
−38
(−36)
−40
(−40)
−44.5
(−48.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.6
(0.65)
12.8
(0.50)
20.9
(0.82)
31.3
(1.23)
61.3
(2.41)
83.7
(3.30)
77.3
(3.04)
74.1
(2.92)
59.3
(2.33)
32.1
(1.26)
18.3
(0.72)
15.4
(0.61)
503.1
(19.81)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.6
(0.02)
0.7
(0.03)
2.1
(0.08)
10.1
(0.40)
47.7
(1.88)
83.2
(3.28)
77.3
(3.04)
74.0
(2.91)
48
(1.9)
12.5
(0.49)
1.9
(0.07)
1.2
(0.05)
359.1
(14.14)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 16.0
(6.3)
12.5
(4.9)
19.0
(7.5)
21.3
(8.4)
13.6
(5.4)
0.6
(0.2)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.0)
11.3
(4.4)
19.7
(7.8)
16.4
(6.5)
14.2
(5.6)
144.5
(56.9)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 7.3 5.7 7.6 7.0 11.8 13.8 14.7 14.5 11.3 6.6 6.0 5.8 112.0
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.8 9.5 13.8 14.7 14.4 10.0 3.2 0.5 0.2 68.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 7.2 5.5 7.4 5.5 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.5 5.5 5.6 44.2
Source 1: Environment Canada[4]
Source 2: Precipitation Days Only[5]

References

edit
  1. ^ a b "Bighorn Dam Safety Review". canprojects.com. Retrieved September 18, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d "Bighorn". www.transalta.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-02. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
  3. ^ Ross, Thomas E. (2019-04-10). A Cultural Geography Of North American Indians. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-71275-3.
  4. ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010". Environment Canada. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  5. ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000". Environment Canada. Retrieved January 23, 2012.

52°18′31.64″N 116°19′44.98″W / 52.3087889°N 116.3291611°W / 52.3087889; -116.3291611 (Bighorn Dam)