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William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster

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William Robert FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster, KP, PC (Ire) (12/13 March 1749 – 20 October 1804) was an Irish liberal politician and landowner. He was born in London.

His Grace
The Duke of Leinster
KP PC (Ire)
oil-on-canvas portrait
The Duke of Leinster, by Gilbert Stuart
Master of the Rolls in Ireland
In office
1788–1789
Preceded byRichard Rigby
Succeeded by
Clerk of the Crown in Ireland
In office
1795–1797
Preceded bySir Lucius O'Brien
Succeeded byLord Glentworth
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office
19 November 1773 – 20 October 1804
Hereditary Peerage
Preceded byJames FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster
Succeeded byAugustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster
Member of Parliament for Dublin City
In office
1767–1773
Member of Parliament for Kildare Borough
In office
1768–1769
Personal details
Born12 March 1749
London, Great Britain
Died20 October 1804 (1804-10-21) (aged 55)
Carton, Ireland
Spouse
Emilia Olivia St George
​
​
(m. 1775; died 1798)​
Children
Parents
Military service
AllegianceKingdom of Ireland Kingdom of Ireland
Branch/serviceVolunteers
RankColonel
Unit Dublin Volunteers

Career

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FitzGerald made his Grand Tour between 1768 and 1769. During the same time, he also was Member of Parliament (MP) for Kildare Borough. FitzGerald then sat in the Irish House of Commons for Dublin City until 1773, when he inherited his father's title and estates. He was appointed High Sheriff of Kildare for 1772. Politically he was a liberal supporter of Henry Grattan's Irish Patriot Party and he co-founded the Irish Whig Club in 1789. He controlled about six Kildare members of the Irish House of Commons. In 1779, he was elected colonel of the Dublin Regiment of the Irish Volunteers.

In 1770, FitzGerald was chosen Grandmaster of the masonic Grand Lodge of Ireland, which post he held for two years.[1] He was re-elected for another year in 1777.[1] In 1783 he was among the first knights in the newly created Order of St. Patrick.[2]

In 1788–9, he was Master of the Rolls in Ireland; in theory a senior judicial office, it was then largely a sinecure, but so blatant a choice of a man who was wholly unqualified for it gave rise to unfavourable comment, and a few years later it became the rule that the Master must be a lawyer of repute.

FitzGerald was a supporter of Catholic emancipation and helped to found the Catholic seminary at Maynooth on land he donated, in 1795. Withdrawing from Parliament with Grattan in 1797, he moved to England to be with his sick wife and remained there during the 1798 rebellion.

Family

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Emilia Olivia St George, the Duchess of Leinster (Hugh Douglas Hamilton)

He was the second, but eldest surviving, son of James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, and the well-connected Lady Emily Lennox, daughter of the 2nd Duke of Richmond. He was also the elder brother of the 1790s revolutionary Lord Edward FitzGerald, and was a first cousin of the English liberal politician Charles James Fox. On 4 or 7 November 1775 he married The Hon. Emilia Olivia Usher St George (died 23 June 1798, London), daughter of The 1st Baron Saint George and Elizabeth Dominick and sole grand daughter of Sir Christopher Dominick. Their children were:

His homes were at Carton, where he died, and Kilkea in County Kildare, and at Leinster House in Dublin (now the home of the Oireachtas). He was a founder member of the Order of St Patrick in 1783 and of the Royal Irish Academy (1785), and was a large investor in the Royal Canal company launched in 1790. His family's estates of 60,000 acres (25,000 Ha) in Kildare were in three main parts, around Maynooth, Rathangan and Athy. He rebuilt the main bridge in Athy over the River Barrow.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Waite, Arthur Edward (2007). A New Encyclopedia of Freemasonry. Vol. I. Cosimo, Inc. p. 400. ISBN 978-1-60206-641-0.
  2. ^ Cook, C. & Stevenson, J. (1980) British Historical Facts 1760−1830. London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press, p. 45.
Parliament of Ireland
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Dublin City
1767–1773
With: Charles Lucas 1767–1771
William Clement 1771–1773 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Kildare Borough
1768–1769
With: Maurice Keating 		Succeeded by
Masonic offices
Preceded by Grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Ireland
1770–1772 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Ireland
1777–1778 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Master of the Rolls in Ireland
1788–1789 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper
1795–1797 		Succeeded by
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by Duke of Leinster
1773–1804 		Succeeded by
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