The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Finland.

The location of Finland
An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of Finland

Finlandsovereign Nordic country located in Northern Europe.[1] Finland has borders with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east, and Norway to the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland. The capital city is Helsinki.

Around 5.62 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern part of country.[2] It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. The native language for most of the population is Finnish, a member of the Uralic language family most closely related to Estonian and one of the four EU languages not of Indo-European origin. The second official language, Swedish, is spoken by a 5.5 percent minority.[3] Finland is a democratic, parliamentary republic with a central government and local governments in 309 (2021)/308 municipalities (as of 1 January 2025). Greater Helsinki (including Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen) totals a million residents and a third of the GDP. Other major cities include Tampere, Turku, and Oulu.

Finland was historically part of Sweden and from 1809 an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire. Finland's declaration of independence in 1917 from Russia was followed by a civil war, wars against the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, and a period of official neutrality during the Cold War. Finland joined the United Nations in 1955, the European Union in 1995, and NATO in 2023, and participates in the Eurozone. Finland has been ranked the second most stable country in the world, in a survey based on social, economic, political, and military indicators.[4]

Finland has seen excellent results in many international comparisons of national performance such as the share of high-technology manufacturing, the rate of gross domestic product growth, and the protection of civil liberties.[5]

General reference

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An enlargeable basic map of Finland

Geography of Finland

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An enlargeable topographic map of Finland

Geography of Finland

  Russia 1,313 km
  Norway 727 km
  Sweden 614 km
  • Coastline: 1,250 km

Environment of Finland

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An enlargeable satellite image of Finland

Natural geographic features of Finland

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Regions of Finland

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Regions of Finland

Ecoregions of Finland

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List of ecoregions in Finland

Administrative divisions of Finland

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Administrative divisions of Finland

Provinces of Finland
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Provinces of Finland

Regions of Finland
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Regions of Finland

Sub-regions of Finland
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Municipalities of Finland
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Municipalities of Finland

Demography of Finland

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Demographics of Finland

Government and politics of Finland

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Branches of the government of Finland

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Government of Finland

Executive branch of the government of Finland

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Legislative branch of the government of Finland

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Judicial branch of the government of Finland

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Judicial system of Finland

Foreign relations of Finland

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Foreign relations of Finland

International organization membership

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The Republic of Finland is a member of:[1]

Law and order in Finland

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Law of Finland

Military of Finland

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Military of Finland

Local government in Finland

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Local government in Finland

History of Finland

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History of Finland

Culture of Finland

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Culture of Finland

Art in Finland

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Sports in Finland

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Sports in Finland

Economy and infrastructure of Finland

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Economy of Finland

Education in Finland

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Education in Finland

See also

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Finland

References

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  1. ^ a b "Finland". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
  2. ^ "The current population of Finland". Population Register Center. Archived from the original on 2009-04-15. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  3. ^ "The population of Finland in 2006". Statistics Finland. 2006-12-31. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  4. ^ The Failed States Index 2008 Archived 2008-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Finland: World Audit Democracy Profile". WorldAudit.org. Archived from the original on 2013-10-30. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
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  Wikimedia Atlas of Finland