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Dictionary of Cults, Sects, Religions and the Occult edit

Dictionary of Cults, Sects, Religions and the Occult by George Mather, Alvin J. Schmidt, and Larry A. Nichols, Zondervan, 1993

for subject listings mnore relevant to the occult, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Occut/Encyclopedic articles

Abakua edit

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Aetherius Society edit

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Alamo Christian Foundation edit

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Ananda Marga Yoga Society edit

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Anthrposophical Society edit

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Arica Institute edit

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Association for Research and Enlightenment edit

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Bahaism edit

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Bible edit

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  • Bible* – Old Testament; New Testament; English versions;

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Branhamism edit

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  • Branhamism* – History; Teachings; Teachings – Church;

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Buddhism edit

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  • Buddhism – History; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Morality;

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Cabildo edit

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Candomble edit

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Children of God edit

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Christadelphianism edit

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  • Christadelphianism or Brother of Christ – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Immortality; Teachings – The Devil; Teachings – Hell; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Authority; Teachings – Fellowship; Ecclesia; John Thomas;

Christian Science edit

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Christianity edit

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Church of Armageddon edit

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  • Church of Armageddon or Love Family or COA – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Sin; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Church; Teachings – Sacraments; Teachings – End times; Conclusion; Paul Erdmann or Love Israel;

Church of Bible Understanding edit

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Church of the Living Word edit

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Church of the New Jerusalem edit

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Convince edit

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Cults edit

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Divine Light Mission edit

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Divine Science edit

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Eckankar edit

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  • Eckankar – History; Teachings; Teachings – Salvation; Conclusion;

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The Forum edit

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Foundation of Human Understanding edit

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Hanuman Foundation edit

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Hinduism edit

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  • Bubba Free John; Hinduism – History; Teachings; Teachings – God; Teachings – Karma, Reincarnation and Salvation; Teachings – Other; Conclusion;

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Holy Order of MANS edit

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"I Am" ascended masters and Church Universal and Triumphant edit

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Identity movements edit

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International Church of Ageless Wisdom edit

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International Community of Christ edit

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ISKCON edit

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Islam edit

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  • Islam – History; Teachings;

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  • Islam – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Salvation; Conclusion;

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Jehovah's Witnesses edit

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  • Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society – Teachings; Teachings – God; Teachings – Authority; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Church; Teachings – Sacraments; Teachings – End times; Conclusion;

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Judaism edit

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  • Ark of the Covenant; Judaism or Tabernacle or Jewish temple – History – Solomon; History – Divided kingdom; History – Restoration; History – Hellenization; History – Roman Empire; History – Rabbinic Judaism; History – Haskala-Jewish Enlightenment; History – Jewish-Christian relations; History – Zionism; Beliefs and practices; Beliefs and practices – The Tabernacle; Worship; Worship – Sabbath; Modern Judaism; Kabbala; Prophet (Jewish-Christian);

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Life Spring edit

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Macumba edit

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Mahayana Buddhism edit

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Meher Baba edit

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Mormonism edit

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Mysticism edit

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New Age Movement edit

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  • New Age Movement – History – Basic beliefs; History – Basic beliefs – Human potential movement; History – Personalities; Organization; Teachings; Teachings – End times;

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New Thought edit

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Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism edit

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Oneness Pentecostalism edit

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Ouspensky-Gurdjieff edit

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Penitentes edit

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People's Temple edit

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Rajneeshism edit

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Rastafari edit

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  • Rastafari* – History; Teachings; Conclusion;

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Religious Science edit

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Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints edit

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Rosicrucianism edit

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Santeria edit

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  • Santeria – Beliefs and Practices; Deities; Conclusion;

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Satanism edit

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  • Satanism or Church of Satan – History – Modern Satanism – Church of Satan; History – Modern Satanism – Categories of Satanists; History – Modern Satanism – Appeal; History – Modern Satanism – Sensationalism; Contrasts to Christianity; Contrasts to Christianity – The Black Mass; Conclusion;

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Satchidananda Ashram Integral Yoga Institute edit

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Scientology edit

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  • Scientology – History; Teachings; Teachings – Jesus Christ;

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Self Realization Fellowship edit

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Sikh Dharma edit

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Sikhism edit

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Silva Mind Control edit

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Soka Gakkai edit

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South American, Central American, and Caribbean cults edit

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Spiritism edit

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Spiritualism edit

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Sri Chinmoy Center edit

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Sufism edit

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Taoism edit

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  • Taoism* – History; Teachings;

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Theosophy edit

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Theravada Buddhism edit

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Transcendental Meditation edit

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Unification Church edit

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  • Unification Church – History; Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Sin; Conclusion;

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Unitarian-Universalist Association edit

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Unity School of Christianity edit

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Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches edit

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Urantia Society edit

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Vedanta Society edit

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  • Shankara; Vedanta Society – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Authority; Teachings – Other; Conclusion; Swami Vivekananda;

Voodoo edit

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Way International edit

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  • Way International – History; Teachings; Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Salvation;

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Witchcraft edit

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  • Witchcraft – General and historical observations; Beliefs and practices; Contrasts with Christianity; Conclusion;

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World Community of Ali Islam in the West edit

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Worldwide Church of God edit

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  • Worldwide Church of God or WCG – History; Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Hell; Teachings – Anglo-Israelism; Conclusion;

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Yoruba edit

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Zen Buddhism edit

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Zen Center of Rochester edit

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Subarticles edit

  • Abakua – Beliefs and Practices**; Conclusion*;
  • Aetherius Society – History**;Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Alamo Christian Foundation – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Alamo Christian Foundation – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Salvation**; Church**;
  • Ananda Marga Yoga Society – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Anthroposophical Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Arica or Arica Institute – History*; Teachings**;
  • Association for Research and Enlightenment – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Association for Research and Enlightenment – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Humanity**; Salvation*;
  • Baha'i – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh or Rajneeshism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh or Rajneeshism – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; End times**;
  • Bible – Old Testament**; New Testament**; English versions**;
  • Branhamism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Branhamism – Teachings – God*; Baptism*; Humanity*; Church**; End times*;
  • Buddhism – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion*;
    • Buddhism – Teachings – God*; Sin*; Salvation**; Morality**;
  • Candomble – History*; Rituals**; Conclusion*;
  • Children of God or Family of Love or COG/FOL or Heaven's Magic – History***; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Children of God or Family of Love or COG/FOL or Heaven's Magic – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Salvation**; Church*; Authority*;
  • Christadelphianism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Christadelphianism – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Immortality*; The Devil*; Hell*; Salvation*; End times**; Authority*; Fellowship*;
  • Christian Science – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Christian Science – Teachings – God*: Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Sin*; Hell*; Salvation*; Church*; Sacraments*; End times*;
  • Christianity – Roots**; The Patristic Era**; Ante-Nicene Era*; The Ecumenical Councils**; The Latin Fathers**; The Five Patriarchs**; Monasticism**; Missions**; The Middle Ages**; The Reformation**; The Modern Era***;
    • Christianity – The Patristic Era – Polycarp*; Irenaeus*; Tertullian*; Clement of Alexandria*; Origen*;
    • Christianity – The Ecumenical Councils – The Council of Nicea**; The Council of Constantinople*; Two Schools of Theology**; The Council of Ephesus*; The Council of Chalcedon**;
    • Christianity – The Latin Fathers – Ambrose*; Jerome*; Augustine**;
  • Church of Armageddon or Love Family or COA – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Church of Armageddon or Love Family or COA – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Church*; Sacraments*; End times*;
  • Church of Bible Understanding or Forever Family or COBU – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Church of Bible Understanding or Forever Family or COBU – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Church**; End times*;
  • Church of the Living Word or The Walk or CTLW – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Church of the Living Word or The Walk or CTLW – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit**; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Church**; The Bible**; End times**;
  • Church of the New Jerusalem or Swedenborgianism or CNJ – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Church of the New Jerusalem or Swedenborgianism or CNJ – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Humanity*; Authority*; End times*;
  • The Divine Light Mission or Elan Vital or DLM or EV – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • The Divine Light Mission or Elan Vital or DLM or EV – Teachings – God*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Text and authority**;
  • Divine Science – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Eckankar – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Eckankar – Teachings – God*; Sin*; Salvation**;
  • The Forum or est – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • The Forum or est – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • Foundation of Human Understanding or FHU – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Foundation of Human Understanding or FHU – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • Hanuman Foundation – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Hinduism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Hinduism – Teachings – Texts*; God**; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Creation*; Karma, Reincarnation and Salvation**; Incarnation*; Other**;
  • Holy Order of MANS or MANS or HOM or Christ the Savior Brotherhood – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Holy Order of MANS or MANS or HOM or Christ the Savior Brotherhood – Teachings – The Bible**; Jesus Christ**;
  • The "I Am" ascended masters or Church Universal and Triumphant or CUT – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • The "I Am" ascended masters or Church Universal and Triumphant or CUT – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Church*; End times*;
  • Identity movements or Christian Identity or White supremacy – History**; Teachings and beliefs***; Conclusion*;
    • Identity movements or Christian Identity or White supremacy – History – Ku Klux Klan**; Neo-Nazism**; Other*;
  • The International Church of Ageless Wisdom or ICAW – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • The International Church of Ageless Wisdom or ICAW – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • International Community of Christ or Jamilians – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • ISKCON or International Society for Krishna Consciousness – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • ISKCON or International Society for Krishna Consciousness – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Hell*; Salvation*; Authority*;
  • Islam – History***; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Islam – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit*; Humanity**; Sin*; Salvation**;
  • Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society – History***; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society – Teachings – God**; Authority**; Jesus Christ**; Salvation**; Holy Spirit*; Hell*; Satan*; Humanity**; Church**; Sacraments**; End times**;
  • Judaism – History***; Beliefs and practices**; Worship**; The Elect of God*; Modern Judaism**; Conclusion*;
  • Judaism – History – Judges*; Saul*; David*; Solomon**; Divided kingdom**; Exile*; Restoration**; Hellenization**; Roman Empire**; Rabbinic Judaism**; Haskala-Jewish Emlightenment**; Jewish-Christian relations**; Zionism**;
    • Judaism – Beliefs and practices – The Torah*; The Tabernacle**;
    • Judaism – Worship – Sabbath**; The Passover*; Messianic hope and prophecy*;
    • Judaism – Modern Judaism – Conservative Judaism*; Orthodox Judaism*; Reform Judaism*; Reconstructionist Judaism*; Humanistic Judaism*;
  • Life Spring – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Mahayana Buddhism – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Meher Baba (group) – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Mormonism or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints – History***; Organization**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Mormonism or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Salvation**; Blood atonement**; Celestial marriage*; Church*; Sacraments**; Baptism for the Dead*; The Lord's Supper*; Temple rituals**; End times**;
  • New Age Movement – History***; Organization**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • New Age Movement – History – Basic beliefs**; Personalities**; New Age communities*;
      • New Age Movement – History – Basic beliefs – The Consciousness movement*; Human potential movement**;
    • New Age Movement – Teachings – God*; Christ and salvation*; Sin*; Death*; End times**;
  • New Thought – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • New Thought – Teachings – Truth*; God*; Humaniity*; Sin*; Jesus Christ and salvation*;
  • Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism or Nichiren Shoshu of America or NSA – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Oneness Pentecostalism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Ouspensky-Gurdjieff – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Penitentes or Brothers of Our Father Jesus – History*; Teachings*; Conclusion*;
  • People's Temple – History**; Teachings*; Conclusion*;
  • Rastafarianism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Religious Science or United Church of Religious Science – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Religious Science or United Church of Religious Science – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Hell*; Trinity*; Church*;
  • Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints or RCJCLDS – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Rosicrucianism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Rosicrucianism – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*;
  • Santeria – History*; Beliefs and Practices**; Deities**; Conclusion**;
    • Santeria – Deities – Olurun or Elegua or Eshu*; Obatalla*; Chango*; Oshun*; Yemaya*; Babalu-Aye*; Oggun*;
  • Satanism or Church of Satan – General observations*; History***; Contrasts to Christianity**; Conclusion**;
    • Satanism or Church of Satan – History – Modern Satanism***;
      • Satanism or Church of Satan – History – Modern Satanism – Church of Satan**; Temple of Set*; Ordo Templi Orientis*; Categories of Satanists**; Appeal**; Sensationalism**;
    • Satanism or Church of Satan – Contrasts to Christianity – The Black Mass**; Exorcism*;
  • Satchidananda Ashram Integral Yoga Institute or Divine Life Society – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Scientology – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Scientology – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Humanity*; Sin*; Hell*;Salvation*; Heaven*;
  • Self Realization Fellowship or SRF – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Sikh Dharma or Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization or 3HO – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Sikhism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Silva Mind Control or SMC or Psychorientology – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Soka Gakkai – History*; Teachings*; Conclusion**;
  • Spiritualism or Universal Church of the Master – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Sri Chinmoy Center – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Sufism or The Sufi Order or Sufi Islamic Ruhaniat Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Taoism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Theosophy – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Theosophy – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Sin and Hell*;Salvation*;
  • Theravada Buddhism – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Transcendental Meditation or TM – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Transcendental Meditation or TM – Teachings – God*; Salvation*; Authority*;
  • Unification Church – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Unification Church – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit**; Humanity**; Sin**; Hell*; Salvation*; Bible*; Last things*;
  • Unitarian-Universalist Association or UUA – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Unity School of Christianity or Unity – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Unity School of Christianity or Unity – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Sin*; Church*; Authority*;
  • Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches or MCC or Dignity or Gay theology – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
  • Urantia or Urantia Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Urantia or Urantia Society – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • Vedanta Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Vedanta Society – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Authority*; Other*;
  • Voodoo or Vodun – History**; Beliefs and practices***; Conclusion*;
  • Way International – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Way International – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit**; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation**; Church*;
  • Witchcraft – General and historical observations**; Modern witchcraft*; Beliefs and practices**; Contrasts with Christianity**; Conclusion**;
  • World Community of Ali Islam in the West and American Muslim Mission and Black Muslim Movement and BMM and Nation of Islam and Hanafi Madh-Hab Center – History and teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Worldwide Church of God or WCG – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Worldwide Church of God or WCG – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit**; Humanity*; Born again*; Salvation**; Hell**; Anglo-Israelism**; Church*; End times*;
  • Zen Buddhism and Zen Center of Rochester – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Zen Buddhism and Zen Center of Rochester – Teachings – God*; Revelation*; Sin/Evil*; Salvation*; Authority*;

Encyclopedia of Global Religion edit

Encyclopedia of Global Religion, ed. Mark Jurgensmeyere and Wade Clark Roof, 2012, Sage, 978-0-7619-2729-7.

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Significant articles edit

Minor articles edit

  • Africa - Globalization and Technology – Shifts in Technological Advancement; Globalization and Technology – Modes of Transport; Africa and Global Society – Global Market Exchange; Africa and Global Society – Globalization; Africa and Global Society – Farming Production and Export; Africa and Global Society – Industrial Development and Product Access; Religions of Africa – Supernatural Powers; Religions of Africa – Witchcraft; Cultural Practices and Competing Values – Art and Culture; Cultural Practices and Competing Values – African and European Philosophical Differences in Worldview; al Qaeda – Organizational Structure; Preferred Operational Models; Animals – Western Philosophy, Law, and Animals; Apostle Paul – Baptism; Paul's Missionary Journeys – First Evangelical Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 13:1-15:35); Paul's Missionary Journeys – Third Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 18:23-21:16); Art – Early Symbiosis of Art and Religion; Architecture and Sacred Space; Art as Religious Representation; Assimilation – Religious Settlement; Atheism – History; Atheism and Intellecturalism; Summary; Australia – Aboriginal Australians; European Settlers; Authority – Nature; Differences; Received Authority; Competition Between Authorities; Modernity; Community; Systemic Temporality; Aztecs – Religious Descendants;
  • Baháʼí – History; Global Teachings; Baltic Countries – Religions in the Baltic Countries – Estonia; Religions in the Baltic Countries – Latvia; Beijing – The Administration of Religions; The Study of Religion in Beijing; Borderlands – Still Nepantla; Brazil – Catholicism; Protestantism; Spiritism; Afro-Brazilian Religions; Judaism; Islam; Other Religious Groups; Religious Groups in Electronic Media and Legislative Bodies;
  • Canada – Historical Background; Candomblé – History; Axé: Transforming Power; Canterbury – The City; China – General Knowledge About China – Outline of History; General Knowledge About China – Administrative Divisions; General Knowledge About China – Nationalities; Religions in China – Buddhism; Religions in China – Islam; Chinese Folk Religion; Other Religions – Manichaeism; Other Religions – Zoroastrianism; Other Religions – Judaism; Policy Toward Religion; Cinema – Cinema and Islamic Cultures; Buddhism and Other East Asian Religions; Civil Religion – Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Civil Religion; Civil Religion around the Globe; Confucianism – Clarification of Terms; Confucian Ritual Practices in Imperial China; Cosmic War and Cosmic Conflict – Conclusion; Cuba – Roman Catholic Church; Judaism; Buddhism; Spiritism;
  • Dalai Lama – Who Is the Dalai Lama?; Process of Regeneration; Tenzin Gyatos, the 14th Dalai Lama (b. 1935); Diaspora – Paths Toward Definition – Definition by Etymology; Making and Maintaining Diasporas – A Diaspora Is a Specific Kind of Culture; Making and Maintaining Diasporas – Diasporas Cross Gaps and Are Also About Such Gaps;
  • Economic Issues and Religion – Sustainable Taxation; Giving Time; Ecumenicalism – Ecumenism and Interfaith Dialogue; Worldwide Challenges; Egypt – A New Global Future for Islam?; Environment – The Dualist Paradigm; Revisiting Traditions; Equality – Races; Classes and Caste; Sexualities; Minority Religious Groups; Conclusion; Ethics - Religion and Ethics; Ethiopia – Religious Distribution; State and Religion; Europe – Common Factors – Cultural Heritage; Common Factors – Europe: An Exceptional Case?; Evangelical Movements – A Global Phenomenon – Brazil; Conclusion;
  • Festivals – Festivals of Incorporation; Basic Characteristics of Festivals; Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Festivals; Social and Cultural Contexts of Festivals; African Festivals; Masquerades; Dance; Festivals in the United States; New Year Festivals; Food Festivals; Conclusion; Flood myth – The Biblical Account – Sources; France – Separation of Church and State; Shrines and Pilgriamges; Religious Studies; Fundamentalism – Examples in Judaism; Fundamentalism in Islam; Examples Outside Monotheism;
  • Mohandas Gandhi – The Nature of Religion; Religion and the Scriptures; Religion and Prayer; Religion and the State; Religion and Social Action; Religious Pluralism; Secularism; Georgia (country) – Legal Regulation of Religious Life; Processes After Regaining Independence; Opposition to Globalization; Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities – Spatial Semiotics of Urban Neighborhoods; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Brooklyn; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Cape Town; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Germany; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Göteberg; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Lisbon; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Manchester; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – New York; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Rio de Janeiro; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Rome; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Sarajevo; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Singapore; Conclusion; Globalization – Religion as a Carrier of Globalizing Tendencies; God – Referring to God, Goddess, Gods, and Goddesses; Attributes of God – Omnipresence; Attributes of God – Omnipotence; Attributes of God – Omniscience; Globalization of God; Concepts of God; Concepts of God – Traditions of the Americas; Concepts of God – Greco-Roman Traditions; Concepts of God – New Religious Movements; Guatemala – Roman Catholicism – The Guatemelan Bishops' Conference; Roman Catholicism – The Catholic Charismatic Renewal; Mainstream Protestantism; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism; Marginal Christians; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements;
  • Heaven – Islam; Evolution of Beliefs About Heaven; Heresy – The Concept of Heresy in Eastern Religions; Holidays – Holidays in Islam; Human Rights – Religious Support – Christians; Religious Support – Jews; Religious Support – Muslims; Religious Support – Hindus; Religious Support – Buddhists; Religious Support – Chinese; Religious Support – Others; Summary;
  • India – Ancient India Influenced by Aryans; India's Christian and Jewish Communities; Global Spread of Sikhism; Global Spread of Hindu Teachers and Fellowships; India in the Era of Global Religion; Indigenous Religions – Orality – Morality; Orality – Religious Leaders; The Future of Indigenous Religions; Indonesia – Pascasila; Animism; Hinduism; Buddhism; Roman Catholicism; Protestantism; Confucianism; Recent Developments; Iran – Iran's Unleashed Youth Power; Women in Iran; Iraq – Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians; Paganism and Gnosticism; Magianism; Islam; Islam – Sources of Knowledge in Islam – The Qur’an; Sources of Knowledge in Islam – The Hadith; Sources of Knowledge in Islam – Basis of Shari’a; Why Arabic?; The Sunnī/Shi’a Divide; The Five Pillars of Islam – Belief (Iman); The Five Pillars of Islam – Sharing Wealth/Charity (Zakaat); The Five Pillars of Islam – Fasting During the Month of Ramadan (Sawm); The Five Pillars of Islam – Pilgrimage (Hajj); The Seven Articles of Faith – Angels; The Seven Articles of Faith – Scriptures; The Seven Articles of Faith – Prophets; The Seven Articles of Faith – The Day of Judgment; The Seven Articles of Faith – Life after Death/Heaven and Hell; Festivals and Ceremonies; Halal and Haram; Islam and Women – Social and Political Rights of Women; Islam and Women – Property Rights of Women in Islam; Marriage and the Right to Divorce in Islam; Polygamy; Islamic Modernism – Origins; Reformers – Tahtawi and Khayr al-Din; Islamic Reform – Saudi Arabia; South Asia; Iraq, Iran, and Shi’a Reforms; Women; Ismailis - Ismailis – The Formative Years (ca. 7th to 9th centuries CE); The Fatimids and Qarmatis (ca. 9th to 12th centuries); Nizari, Tayibbi, and Hafizi Ismailis (ca. 12th to 13th Centuries CE); The Nizaris (ca. 13th to 18th centuries CE); Italy – “Do-It-Yourself” Catholicism; Strong but Changing Social and Political Presence;
  • Jainism – Conclusion; Japan – Most Recent Newcomers: Muslims; Just War – Cicero; Augustine and Aquinas; Twentieth Century; Present and Future of Just War Theory;
  • Kazakhstan – Christianity in Kazakhstan – Orthodox; New Religious Movements in Kazakhstan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of or North Korea – Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy – 1945 to 1953; Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy – 1953 to 1972; Kumbha Mela – Origins; The Mela, Past and Present;
  • La Luz del Mundo Church – A Mexican Diaspora; Liberal Islam – Liberal Islam Today – Ijtihād as a Right; Liberal Islam Today – Shari'a as a Human Interpretation of the Voice of Allah; Liberal Islam Today – Human Rights Can Also Have a Religious Foundation; Liberal Islam Today – Gender Equality Within Islam; Progressive Muslims – Social Justice; Liberation Theology – The Religious Context; The Sociopolitical Context; The Sociopolitical Impact of Liberation Theology; Liberation Theology Today;
  • Macau; Macedonia; Madagascar; Madrid – Religious Festivities and Labor Law; Religion and Education; Religion and Public Economic Subsidies; Mahayana Buddhism – Origins; Globalization of Buddhism; Mahayana in the West; A New “Yana”: Transcending Mahayana and Theravada; Mahdi; Mahdi of Sudan; Malawi; Malaysia – Islam; Hinduism; Mali; Bronislaw Malinowski; Malta; Manichaeism; Maria Lionza Cult of Venezuela; Marian Cults and Apparitions in Latin America; Marshall Islands; David Martin; Martinique; Martyrdom* – History of Martyrdom; Issues Concerning Martyrdom; Marx and Religion; Marxism – Life and Works of Karl Marx; Dialectical Materialism; Marxism and Religion; Influence of Marxism on Revolutions and Social Movements; Mashhad; Material Culture – Religion and Material Culture; Muritania; Mauritius; Abu'l-a'la Mawdudi; McDonaldization; Timothy McVeigh; Mecca; Medina; Meditation – Nepal, Southeast Asia, Japan, and China: Buddhist Expansion and Chinese Meditation; Meditation: Contemporary Global Phenomenon; Mediterranean World – Early Polytheism; The Blending of the World; Roman Dominance; The Islamization of the Sea; The Crusades; Inquisitions, Turks, and the Ottoman Empire; Megachurch; Men's Roles – Men as Founders and Religious Professionals; Men's Spirituality; Mesoamerican Religions – Teotihuacan; Maya; Aztec; After the Conquest; Mexican Concheros; Mexico – Religious Pluralization; Mexico City* – History of Mexico City; Culture of Religion in Mexico City; Culture of Religion in Mexico City – The Virgin of Guadeloupe; Micronesia; Middle East – Persia and Syria; The Monotheistic Religions – Judaism; The Monotheistic Religions – Christianity; The Monotheistic Religions – Islam; The Ottoman Empire; Millenarian Movements – Related Terms; Nativist Millennial Movements; Millenarianism and New Religious Movements; Millenarianism and Violence; Missions and Missionaries – Distinction Between Mission and Missions; Missionaries; Missionary Activity Today; Missionary Activity Today – Christian; Conclusion; Mithras cult; Modernism – Enlightenment; Industrialism; Modernization – The Protestant Reformation; Moldova; Monaco; Monasticism – Christian Monasticism; Buddhist Monasticism; Mongol Empire; Mongolia; Monotheism; Mormons – Origins and Early History; Origins and Early History – The Move Westward; Origins and Early History – The Nauvoo Settlement; Origins and Early History – Schisms and Migration; Mormonism Today; Morocco; Moscow; Mosques; Mother Teresa; Mozambique; Mughal Empire; Muhammad; Muhammad Mujtahid-Shabistari; Max Müller; Multiculturalism – Freedom of Speech and Expression; Multiple Faiths*; Multiple Modernities – Classical Approaches to Modernity; The Political and Cultural Program of Modernity: Autonomy and Destructive Tendencies; The Religious Dimension of Modernity; Music – The Power of Music in Religion; Globalization, Religion, and Music; Global Religions and Musical Diversity; Muslim Brotherhood – Early Years; Beyond Egypt: Arab Nationalism and Militant Islamism; Myanmar or Burma; Mysticism – Toward a Typology of Mystical Experiences; Methodology;
  • Native North American Religion – Worldview; The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony – Nature and Religion; The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony – Taboos; Dynamics of Native North American Religions; Neo-Pagan Movements – Implications; New Age Movements – Problems of Definition; New Religions – Conclusion; New Religions in Cuba – Implications; Nordic Countries – Changing Religious Landscapes; North Africa – Pre-Christian History; The Christian Era; The Independence Period;
  • Panama – Roman Catholicism – The Panamanian Bishops' Conference; Roman Catholicism – Catholic Charismatic Renewal or CCR; Mainstream Protestantism; Pentecostalism; Marginal Christians; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements; Paraguay – Roman Catholicism – Jesuits and Franciscans; Roman Catholicism – The Catholic Charismatic Renewal; Mainstream Protestantism; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism; Marginal Christians; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements; Perennial Philosophy – The Term Philosophia Perennis – Historical Origin; Philosophia Perennis et Universalis – Related Terms; The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis – Origin; The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis – The Return; Pilgrimage – Pilgrimage as Journey; Pilgrimage and Modernity; Pluralism – Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism understood as the existence of more than one religious tradition within a given society; Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism understood as the coexistence of different institutional or interpretational forms within a given religious tradition; Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism as the commitment to and/or combination of beliefs and practices from different religions at an individual level; Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as a human rights issue; Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as inscribed in state legislations; Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as linked to interfaith dialogue and ecumenical work; Politics and Religion – Definitions and History – Religion; Definitions and History – Politics; Popular Religion - Mass Culture; Postcolonial Theology – The Critical Analytical Task; Decolonizing Theologies; Postmodernism – Pioneers of Postmodernism – Structuralism and Deconstructionism (Poststructuralism); Pioneers of Postmodernism – Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Richard Rorty; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Roland Barthes; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Michel Foucault; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Jacques Derrida; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Jean Baudrillard; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Jean-Francois Lyotard; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Fredric Jameson; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Fragmentation; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Authenticity; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Expression; Postmodernism and Globalization; Protestant Christianity – Origins; Protestantism in the Western World; Pentecostalism;
  • Reform Hinduism – The Ramakrishna Mission; Aurobindo Ghose; Mohandas Gandhi; Hindutva; The Hindu Diaspora; Communalism; Reform Hinduism – The Ramakrishna Mission; Aurobindo Ghose; Mohandas Gandhi; Hindutva; The Hindu Diaspora; Communalism; Refugees – Religious Refugee Aid Organizations; Religious Dialogue – The Concept of Dialogue; Other Initiatives; Issues and Concerns; Religious Freedom – Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law – European Court of Human Rights; Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law – International Efforts; Religious Minority-Majority Relations – National Level; Local Level; Contemporary Pluralism; Religious Nationalism – Religion and the Nation in a National World – The anticlerical or “laicist” form; Religion and the Nation in a National World – The denominational form; Religion and the Nation in a National World – The national church form; Religion and the Nation in a National World – The separatist religious nationalism form; Conclusion; Roman Catholicism – Demographic Composition; The Church's Teaching on Social Justice; Rome – Rome and Catholicism – Holy Year or Jubilee; Rome and Other Religions – Jewish Romans; Rome and Other Religions – Waldensian Protestant Church; Rome and Other Religions – Immigration; Rome and Other Religions – Pluralism;
  • Saints – Heavenly and Human Intercessors; Santería – Cosmology and Initiatic System; Scripture – Canonical Authority – Torah; Canonical Authority – Qur’an; Secularization – Defining Secularization; Current Developments in Fact and Theory; Sexuality – Autoeroticism; Celbiacy; Shi’a Islam – Origins; Shi’ite Ideology; Silk Road – Traveling the Roads; Trade and Commodities; Religion on the Silk Road – Zoroastrianism; Religion on the Silk Road – Buddhism; Religion on the Silk Road – Manichaeism; Religion on the Silk Road – Nestorianism; Religion on the Silk Road – Islam; Social Justice – Social Justice Policies; Criticisms of the Concept of Social Justice; South Asia – Early Exchanges with Other Cultures; Buddhism Spreads Across Asia; Hindu Diaspora; Stupa – History, Form, and Symbolism; Sacred Space and Religious Practice; Sufism – Characteristics and Development of Sufi Orders; Jalāluddīn Rūmī;
  • Tattooing and Piercing – Ritual Tattooing; Ritual Piercing; Televangelism – International Context; Terrorism – Rationalist Approaches; Thailand – Development of the Thai Nation-State; Christianity in Thailand; Islam in Thailand; Thailand in the Global Era; Tibet – Tibet and the People's Republic of China; Tokyo – Muslims; Transvestites and Transsexuals – Changing Relationships;
  • United Kingdom –Migration and Secularization – Northern Ireland; The 21st Century – Islam;
  • Veda – Veda Beyond Texts; Engaging the Veda; Vietnam – Buddhism in Vietnam; Vietnamese Christianity; Vietnam at the Beginning of the 21st Century; Vodou – Philosophical Tracts; Rituals; Future;
  • Women's Roles – Changes in Women's Role – Goddess Religion; Changes in Women's Role – Liberating Founders and Patriarchal Institutions; Changes in Women's Role – The Feminist Movement; World Council of Churches – Initiatives with the Future in View;
  • Zionism – Herzl, Founder of the Zionist Movement;

Redirects edit

Subarticles edit

  • Afghanistan – Early History**; The Great Game**; Communism and the Cold War**; Growth of the Taliban and the U.S. War**;
  • Africa – Social Impact of Religious Worldviews**; Colony, Government, Economy***; Africa and Global Society**; Religions of Africa***; Cultural Practices and Competing Views**;
    • Africa – Colony, Government, Economy – Brief Early History of Africa**; Slavery and Colonization**; Globalization and Technology**;
    • Africa – Africa and Global Society – Global Market Exchange*; Globalization*; Farming Production and Export*; Industrial Development and Product Access*;
    • Africa – Globalization and Technology – Shifts in Technological Advancement*; Impact of Technological Change**; Modes of Transport*;
    • Africa – Religions of Africa – Islam**; Christianity**; African Traditional Religion**; Style Aesthetics and Signification**; Supernatural Powers*; Witchcraft*;
    • Africa – Cultural Practices and Competing Values – Art and Culture*; African and European Philosophical Differences in Worldview*; Competing Values and Philosophy**;
  • al Qaeda – Historical Overview**; Organizational Structure*; Basic Ideological Tenets and Goals**; Preferred Operational Models*;
  • Animals – Animal Themes in India Religious Traditions**; Western Philosophy, Law, and Animals*;
  • Apostle Paul – Baptism*; Activity**; Paul's Missionary Journeys**; Return to Jerusalem**;
    • Apostle Paul – Paul's Missionary Journeys – First Evangelical Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 13:1-15:35)*; Second Missionary Journey – 48 to 51 CE (Acts of the Apostles 15:36-18:22)**; Third Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 18:23-21:16)*;
  • Arabic – Classification, Dialects, Morphology, and the Alphabet**; Religio-Historical Importance**; Modern Developments**;
  • Art – Early Symbiosis of Art and Religion*; Architecture and Sacred Space*; Art as Religious Representation*; Religious Experience and Artistic Practice**; The Clash of Art and Religion**;
  • Assimilation – Case Studies**; Religious Settlement*; Challenges to Assimilation**;
  • Atheism – History*; Estimating the Number of Atheists Worldwide**; Global Secularization**; Case Study: The United States**; Attitudes Toward Atheists and the Atheist Label**; Atheism and Intellecturalism*; Summary*;
  • Aum Shinrikyô – Aum, Millennialism, and Mission**; The Turn to Violence**; Aum After the Attacks**;
  • Australia – Aboriginal Australians*; European Settlers*; Church and Society**; Current Trends**;
  • Authority – Perceptions**; The Exercise of Authority**; Nature*; Differences*; Received Authority*; Competition Between Authorities*; Modernity*; Community*; Systemic Temporality*;
  • Aztecs – Origins**; Imperial Religion**; Religious Descendants*;
  • Baha’i – History*; Global Teachings*; Global Structures**; Spiritual Basis of Globalization**;
  • Baltic Countries – Religions in the Baltic Countries**; Current Issues and Challenges**;
    • Baltic Countries – Religions in the Baltic Countries – Estonia*; Latvia*; Lithuania**;
  • Beijing – Brief History of Beijing**; Religions in Beijing**; The Administration of Religions*; The Study of Religion in Beijing*;
  • Robert Bellah – Religion in Human Evolution**; Civil Religion and Public Theology in Global Perspective**;
  • Bodh Gaya – Buddha's Enlightenment**; Mahābodhi Temple and Monastery**; Modern Period**;
  • Borderlands – Still Nepantla*; Borderland Religions**; Religious Expression**;
  • Brahmanical Hinduism – Vedas**; Shruti and Smriti**; Brahmanical Synthesis**;
  • Brazil – Catholicism*; Protestantism*; Spiritism*; Afro-Brazilian Religions*; Judaism*; Islam*; Other Religious Groups*; Religious Groups in Electronic Media and Legislative Bodies*;
  • Canada – Historical Background*; Religion in Present-Day Canada**;
  • Candomblé – History*; Axé: Transforming Power*; Orixás: Mediators Between Nature, God, and Man**; Religious Authority: The Mother (or Father) of Saints**;
  • Canterbury – The City*; The Cathedral**; The Archbishop**;
  • China – General Knowledge About China**; Religions in China**; Chinese Folk Religion*; Other Religions**; Policy Toward Religion*; Statistics**; New Religious Trends in China**;
    • China – General Knowledge About China – Outline of History*; Administrative Divisions*; Nationalities*;
    • China – Religions in China – Buddhism*; Daoism**; Islam*; Christianity**;
    • China – Other Religions – Manichaeism*; Zoroastrianism*; Judaism*;
  • Chinese Popular Religion – Overview of Chinese Popular Religion**; Examples of Syncretized Popular Deities**; Globalization and Revivals of Popular Religion on the Mainland**;
  • Christian Militia – Modern Christian Militia**; The Sociology of Christian Militias**;
  • Christianity – Pax Romana***; Western European Christian Denominations: The Reformation and Its Aftermath***; The Ecumenical Movement and Other Recent Developments**;
  • Cinema – Biblical and Christian Films**; Hinduism**; Cinema and Islamic Cultures*; Buddhism and Other East Asian Religions*;
  • Civil Religion – Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Civil Religion*; Émile Durkheim and Civil Religion**; Robert Bellah and Civil Religion**; The Civil Religion Debate in America**; Civil Religion since the 1970s**; Civil Religion around the Globe*;
  • Civil Society – The History of a Concept***; Civil Religion and Civil Society**; Globalization and Transnational Communities**; Conclusion: Can Global Civil Society Succeed?**;
  • Confucianism – Clarification of Terms*; “The Master Said”: Confucius and His Disciples**; The Confucian Canon and the Civil Service Examination System**; The Four Books: The Legitimation of the Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy**; Confucian Ritual Practices in Imperial China*; The “Confucianity Movement” in the Republic of China**; The Ambivalent “Harmonious Society”: Confucianism in Socialist China**; The Contemporary Revival of Confucian Ritual Practice**; The Global Nature of Confucianism**;
  • Conversion – Global World Religions Competing for Converts**; Conversion Models**; Conversion and Globalization**; Conversion and the Nation-State**; Conversion and the Religious Organization**; The Converting Subject**; Conclusions**;
  • Cosmic War and Cosmic Conflict – Identifying Motifs***; Conclusion*;
    • Cosmic War and Cosmic Conflict – Identifying Motifs – Rupture**; Warring Deities and Heroes**; Ritualization of Battle**;
  • Cuba – Roman Catholic Church*; Judaism*; Buddhism*; Spiritism*; African American Religions**;
  • Cycle of Rebirth – Hinduism**; Buddhism**;
  • Dalai Lama – Who Is the Dalai Lama?*; Process of Regeneration*; History**; Tenzin Gyatos, the 14th Dalai Lama (b. 1935)*;
  • Daoism – Chinese Daoism: History and Interpretation**; Daoism as a Global Religious and Cultural Phenomenon**; Appropriation, Adaptation, and Transmission**;
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Survival of Ancient Shamanism**; The Katangan Shaman (Ngaga)**; Midnight Crossroads Miracles and Spiritual Magic**;
  • Deng Xiaoping – Religion Before Deng*; Policy Changes**; Motivations**;
  • Detraditionalization and Retraditionalization – Traditions and Their Role in Society**; Traditions in Late Modernity or Postmodernity**; Cultural Globalization and Religious Traditions**;
  • Diaspora – Paths Toward Definition**; Making and Maintaining Diasporas**; Diasporic Religion**;
    • Diaspora – Paths Toward Definition – Definition by Etymology*; Definition by List**; Defining by Relation**;
    • Diaspora – Making and Maintaining Diasporas – A Diaspora Is a Specific Kind of Culture*; Diasporas Cross Gaps and Are Also About Such Gaps*; Diaspora as a Series of Interventions, Not a Permanent State of Being**; Diaspora Culture Is the Elevation of One Group Over Others**;
  • Eastern Orthodox Christianity – Beliefs and Practices**; History**; The Church Today**;
  • Economic Issues and Religion – Debt Bondage and Usury**; Sustainable Taxation*; Giving Time*;
  • Ecumenicalism – The Modern Ecumenical Movement**; Ecumenical Debates**; Ecumenism and Interfaith Dialogue*; Worldwide Challenges*;
  • Egypt – Colonialism, Defensive Modernization, and Religion**; Secular and Religious Nationalism**; Religion and the State**; Secular Failures and the Turn Toward Islam**; A New Global Future for Islam?*;
  • Environment – The Dualist Paradigm*; Alliance Between World Religions and Environmentalism**; Revisiting Traditions*;
  • Equality – Genders**; Races*; Classes and Caste*; Sexualities*; Handicaps/Disabilities**; Minority Religious Groups*; Conclusion*;
  • Ethics -Theories of Ethics**; Religion and Ethics*; Biblical Religions**; Religions of South and East Asia***; Here and Now**;
  • Ethiopia – Religious Distribution*; State and Religion*; Inter- and Intrareligious Tensions**;
  • Europe – Common Factors***; Regional Differences***;
    • Europe – Common Factors – Cultural Heritage*; The Historic Churches*; From Obligation to Consumption**; New Arrivals**; Europe's Secular Elites**; Europe: An Exceptional Case?*;
      • Europe – Common Factors – The Historic Churches – Believing Without Belonging**; Vicarious Religion**;
    • Europe – Regional Differences – Confessional Blocs**; Communist and Noncommunist Europe**; Levels of Religious Activity**; Concluding Remarks**;
  • European Union – History**; Structure**; Religion and Religiousness Within the EU**; The EU and Religion**;
  • Evangelical Movements – A Global Phenomenon***; Conclusion*;
    • Evangelical Movements – A Global Phenomenon – Brazil*; Asia**; United States**;
  • Festivals – Unity and Diversity**; Festivals of Incorporation*; Basic Characteristics of Festivals*; Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Festivals*; Social and Cultural Contexts of Festivals*; African Festivals*; Masquerades*; Dance*; Festivals in the United States*; New Year Festivals*; Food Festivals*; Conclusion*;
  • Flood myth – The Biblical Account**; Ancient Near Eastern Accounts**;
    • Flood myth – The Biblical Account – Sources*;
  • France – History**; Separation of Church and State*; Shrines and Pilgriamges*; People**; Congregations, Movements, and Nongovernmental Organizations**; Religious Studies*;
  • Fundamentalism – American Protestant Fundamentalism**; Examples in Judaism*; Fundamentalism in Islam*; Examples Outside Monotheism*; Conclusion**;
  • Mohandas Gandhi – The Nature of Religion*; Religion and the Scriptures*; Religion and Prayer*; Religion and the State*; Religion and Social Action*; Religious Pluralism*; Secularism*;
  • Gender – Religion Shaping Gender**; Gender Shaping Religion and Religious Studies**;
  • Georgia – Legal Regulation of Religious Life*; Processes After Regaining Independence*; Opposition to Globalization*;
  • Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities***; Conclusion*;
    • Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities – Spatial Semiotics of Urban Neighborhoods*; Examples from Contemporary Global Cities***;
      • Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Brooklyn*; Cape Town*; Germany*; Göteberg*; Lisbon*; Manchester*; New York*; Paris**; Rio de Janeiro*; Rome*; Sarajevo*; Singapore*;
  • Global Religion – Religious Aspects of Migration**; The Global Transmission of Religious Ideas**; The Religious Expressions of Transnational Communities**; The Study of Global Religion***;
  • Globalization – Religion as a Carrier of Globalizing Tendencies*; Globalization of Religion**;
  • Globalization and Conversion – Globalization and Conversion**; Conclusion**;
  • God – Referring to God, Goddess, Gods, and Goddesses*; Qualitative and Quantitative Theistic Categories**; Attributes of God**; Globalization of God*; Concepts of God**;
    • God – Attributes of God – Omnipresence*; Omnipotence*; Omniscience*;
    • God – Concepts of God – Abrahamic Traditions**; Traditions of the Americas*; Eastern Religions**; Greco-Roman Traditions*; New Religious Movements*;
  • Goddess – Goddesses in Ancient Religions**; Goddesses in Asia**; Goddesses in Europe, Africa, and the Americas**;
  • Guatemala – Roman Catholicism**; Mainstream Protestantism*; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism*; Marginal Christians*; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements*;
    • Guatemala – Roman Catholicism – The Guatemelan Bishops' Conference*; The Catholic Charismatic Renewal*;
  • Halakha and Shari’a* - Shari’a**;
  • Heaven – Judaism and Christianity**; Islam*; Hinduism and Buddhism**; Evolution of Beliefs About Heaven*;
  • Heresy – Heresy in Christianity**; Heresy in Islam**; The Concept of Heresy in Eastern Religions*;
  • Hinduism – Beliefs, Thought, and Practice***; Medieval and Modern Developments**; Hinduism as a Global Religion**;
    • Hinduism – Beliefs, Thought, and Practice – Beliefs and Rites***; Systems of Thought**;
  • Holidays – Holidays in Islam*; Holidays in Christianity**; Holidays in Judaism**; Holidays in Hinduism**; Holidays in Buddhism**; Holidays and Globalization**;
  • Human Rights – International Law**; Religious Support**; Summary*;
    • Human Rights – Religious Support – Christians*; Jews*; Muslims*; Hindus*; Buddhists*; Chinese*; Others*;
  • India – Ancient India Influenced by Aryans*; Indian Origins of Global Buddhism**; India's Christian and Jewish Communities*; India's Role in Global Islam**; Global Spread of Sikhism*; Global Spread of Hindu Teachers and Fellowships*; India in the Era of Global Religion*;
  • Indigenous Religions – Lands**; Deities**; Orality**; The Future of Indigenous Religions*;
    • Indigenous Religions – Lands – Colonization and Removal Attempts**;
    • Indigenous Religions – Deities – Philippine Islands**; West Africa**;
    • Indigenous Religions – Orality – Morality*; Religious Leaders*;
  • Indo-European Religion – Historical and Geographical Parameters**; Historical Significance**;
  • Indonesia – Pascasila*; Animism*; Hinduism*; Buddhism*; Islam**; Roman Catholicism*; Protestantism*; Confucianism*; Recent Developments*;
  • Iran – Historical Iran**; Iran's Unleashed Youth Power*; Women in Iran*; The Commemoration of Ashura**;
  • Iraq – Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians*; Paganism and Gnosticism*; Magianism*; Judaism and Christianity**; Islam*;
  • Islam – Sources of Knowledge in Islam**; Why Arabic?*; The Sunnī/Shi’a Divide*; The Five Pillars of Islam**; The Seven Articles of Faith**; Festivals and Ceremonies*; Halal and Haram*; Islam and Violence**; Islam and Women**;
    • Islam – Sources of Knowledge in Islam – The Qur’an*; The Hadith*; Basis of Shari’a*;
    • Islam – The Five Pillars of Islam – Belief (Iman)*; Prayer (Salaat)**; Sharing Wealth/Charity (Zakaat)*; Fasting During the Month of Ramadan (Sawm)*; Pilgrimage (Hajj)*;
    • Islam – The Seven Articles of Faith – The Oneness of God (Tauheed)**; Angels*; Scriptures*; Prophets*; The Day of Judgment*; Fate (Qadar)**; Life after Death/Heaven and Hell*;
    • Islam – Islam and Women – Social and Political Rights of Women*; Property Rights of Women in Islam*; Marriage and the Right to Divorce in Islam*; Polygamy*;
  • Islam in Latin America – Migration from the Near East to Latin America (1880-1930)**; Construction of a Muslim Minority**;
  • Islamic Modernism – Origins*; Reformers***;
    • Islamic Modernism – Reformers – Tahtawi and Khayr al-Din*; Afghani**; Abduh**; Rida**; Khan and Iqbal**;
  • Islamic Reform – Saudi Arabia*; Egypt**; South Asia*; Iraq, Iran, and Shi’a Reforms*; Women*;
  • Ismailis – The Formative Years (ca. 7th to 9th centuries CE)*; The Fatimids and Qarmatis (ca. 9th to 12th centuries)*; Nizari, Tayibbi, and Hafizi Ismailis (ca. 12th to 13th Centuries CE)*; The Nizaris (ca. 13th to 18th centuries CE)*; The Agha Khan Imams (ca. 18th to 20th Centuries CE)**;
  • Israel – Secularism and Orthodoxy in Israeli Judaism**; Muslims and Christians**; The Legacy of the Diaspora**;
  • Italy – Increased Religious Diversification**; “Do-It-Yourself” Catholicism*; Strong but Changing Social and Political Presence*;
  • Jainism – Background**; Global Jainism**; Ideology and Practice**; Conclusion*;
    • Jainism – Global Jainism – Ahimsa**; Aparigrapha**; Anekantavada**;
  • Japan – Chinese and Korean Migration**; Religions of Koreans in Japan**; Religions in Chinatowns in Japan**; Religions During and After Japanese Imperialism**; Religion and Japanese Immigration**; Japanese Brazilians in Japan**; Most Recent Newcomers: Muslims*;
  • Jewish Diaspora – The Concept of Diaspora Versus Exile**; A Diaspora Like No Other**; The Historical Diaspora in Ancient Times**; The Emergence of Different Cultural Groups Within Jewry**; Early Medieval Diaspora Under Islam**; Medieval Diasporas Under Christianity**; Between Anti-Semitism and Enlightenment***; Modern Diaspora**;
  • Judaism – The Diaspora**; Leadership in Diaspora Communities**; Written and Oral Law**; Messianism**; Diversity and Heterodoxy**; Jewish Contributions to Culture**;
  • Just War – Cicero*; Augustine and Aquinas*; Early Modern Period**; Twentieth Century*; Present and Future of Just War Theory*;
  • Kazakhstan – Islam in Kazakhstan**; Christianity in Kazakhstan**; New Religious Movements in Kazakhstan*;
    • Kazakhstan – Christianity in Kazakhstan – Orthodox*; Roman Catholic**; Protestant**;
  • Korea, Democratic People's Republic of or North Korea – Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy**; Juche-Sasang (The Idea of Self-Reliance) and Religion**;
    • Korea, Democratic People's Republic of or North Korea – Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy – 1945 to 1953*; 1953 to 1972*; 1972 to the Present**;
  • Korea, Republic of or South Korea – Historical Development of Korean Religion and Its Characteristics**; Today's Religious Situation in Korea**;
  • Kumbha Mela – Origins*; The Mela, Past and Present*; Participants**;
  • La Luz del Mundo Church – Origin and Doctrine of La Luz del Mundo**; La Luz del Mundo in the United States**; A Mexican Diaspora*;
  • Latin America – Christianity***; Indigenous Religiosity**; African-Derived Religions**; Modern Religions**;
  • Liberal Islam – Liberal Islam Today**; Progressive Muslims**;
    • Liberal Islam – Liberal Islam Today – Ijtihād as a Right*; Shari'a as a Human Interpretation of the Voice of Allah*; Human Rights Can Also Have a Religious Foundation*; Gender Equality Within Islam*;
    • Liberal Islam – Progressive Muslims – Social Justice*; Pluralism Inside and Outside the Umma**;
  • Liberation Theology – The Religious Context*; The Sociopolitical Context*; Liberation Theology and Social Change in Latin America**; Ambivalences of Liberation Theology**; The Sociopolitical Impact of Liberation Theology*; Liberation Theology Today*;
  • Madrid – Religious Statistics*' Religious History*; Religion and the Law*; Religious Architecture*; Religious Cemeteries*; Religion and Food Products*; Religious Festivities and Labor Law**; Religious Matrimony*; Religious Assistance in Public Institutions*; Religion and Education**; Religion and Public Economic Subsidies**;
  • Mahayana Buddhism – Origins**; Globalization of Buddhism**; Mahayana in the West**; A New “Yana”: Transcending Mahayana and Theravada**;
  • Malaysia – Islam**; Buddhism and Chinese Religious Traditions*; Hinduism**; Christianity*;
  • Martyrdom – History of Martyrdom**; Issues Concerning Martyrdom**;
  • Marxism – Life and Works of Karl Marx**; Dialectical Materialism**; Marxism and Religion**; Influence of Marxism on Revolutions and Social Movements**; Marxism and Communism*; Marxism and Academia*;
    • Marxism – Marxism and Religion – On the Jewish Question*; Theses on Feuerbach*; Marxism and Liberation Theology*; Marxism and Religious Eschatology*; Marxism and Religious Movements*;
    • Marxism – Influence of Marxism on Revolutions and Social Movements – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*; China*: Cuba*;
  • Material Culture – Religion and Material Culture**; Directions for Future Research*;
  • Meditation – India: Yoga, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Tantra*; Nepal, Southeast Asia, Japan, and China: Buddhist Expansion and Chinese Meditation**; The Middle East and Continental Europe: Monotheistic Meditation Practices*; Meditation: Contemporary Global Phenomenon**;
  • Mediterranean World – Early Polytheism**; The Blending of the World**; Roman Dominance**; Christian Rome*; The Islamization of the Sea**; The 'Abbāsid Caliphate and the Founding of al-Andalus*; The Crusades**; Inquisitions, Turks, and the Ottoman Empire**; The Decline of the Mediterranean*;
  • Men's Roles – Men as Founders and Religious Professionals**; Men's Spirituality**;
  • Mesoamerican Religions – Olmec*; Teotihuacan**; Tula*; Mixtec and Zapotec*; Maya**; Aztec**; After the Conquest**;
  • Mexico – Spanish Colonization and Evangelization*; Catholic Church and Mexican State*; Religion and Secularization*; The Pluralism of Mexican Catholicism*; Religious Pluralization**;
  • Mexico City – History of Mexico City**; Culture of Religion in Mexico City**;
    • Mexico City – Culture of Religion in Mexico City – The Virgin of Guadeloupe**; The Day of the Dead*;
  • Middle East – Egypt*; Sumeria*; Persia and Syria**; The Monotheistic Religions***; The Ottoman Empire**; The Middle East in the Present Day*;
    • Middle East – The Monotheistic Religions – Judaism**; Christianity**; Islam**;
  • Millenarian Movements – Related Terms**; Range of Behaviors*; Nativist Millennial Movements**; Millenarianism and New Religious Movements**; Millenarianism and Violence**; Conclusion*;
  • Missions and Missionaries – Distinction Between Mission and Missions**; Missionaries**; Missionary Activity Today**; Conclusion**;
    • Missions and Missionaries – Missionary Activity Today – Christian**; Buddhist*; Hindu*; Muslim*;
  • Modernism – Enlightenment**; Religion*; Industrialism**;
    • Modernism – Industrialism – Taylorism and Fordism*; McDonaldization*;
  • Modernization – Medieval Europe*; The Protestant Reformation**; Enlightenment Rationalism and Christian Pietism*; Secularization, Progress, and the Self-Contradictions of Global Modernization***;
  • Monasticism – Christian Monasticism**; Buddhist Monasticism**;
  • Mormons – Origins and Early History***; Mormonism Today**;
    • Mormons – Origins and Early History – The Move Westward**; The Nauvoo Settlement**; Schisms and Migration**;
  • Multiculturalism – History*; Criticisms*; Multiculturalism and Religion*; Freedom of Speech and Expression**; Gender Equality*; Everyday Multiculturalism*;
  • Multiple Faiths – Definition*; Examples*; Related Phenomena*; History*; Conclusion*;
  • Multiple Modernities – Classical Approaches to Modernity**; The Political and Cultural Program of Modernity: Autonomy and Destructive Tendencies**; The Religious Dimension of Modernity**;
  • Music – The Power of Music in Religion**; Globalization, Religion, and Music**; Global Religions and Musical Diversity**; Conclusion*;
  • Muslim Brotherhood – Early Years**; Beyond Egypt: Arab Nationalism and Militant Islamism**;
  • Mysticism – Toward a Typology of Mystical Experiences**; Interpretative Approaches**; Methodology**;
    • Mysticism – Interpretative Approaches – Contextualist Approaches*; Philosophical and Theoretical Approaches*; Phenomenological and Comparative Approaches*; Theological Approaches*; Psychological Approaches*; Neuroscientific Approaches*; Postcolonialist and Postmodernist Approaches*;
  • Native Latin American Religion – Changes and Continuities**; Complexity, Diversity, and Tension**; Belief Systems, Culture, and Identity**; Indigenous Peoples Today: Religion and Conflict**;
  • Native North American Religion – Worldview*; Guardians and Totems**; The Supreme Being**; The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony**; Dynamics of Native North American Religions*;
    • Native North American Religion – The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony – Myths and Symbols**; Nature and Religion*; Taboos*; Visions and Rituals**;
  • Natural Law – Thomas Aquinas**; Snapshots of the 17th Century**; Current Debates Concerning Natural Law**;
  • Neo-Pagan Movements – Origins and Characteristics**; Implications*;
  • New Age Movements – Spiritual Eclecticism and Consumerism**; Problems of Definition*; Occulture and the New Age**; The Emergence of the New Age**; Global New Age**;
  • New Religions – Definitions and Classifications***; Conclusion*;
  • New Religions in Africa – Historical Context**; Indigenous Religions**; African-Derived Religions in the Diaspora**;
  • New Religions in Cuba – Cuba's Religious Traditions**; Implications*;
  • New Religions in Japan – Chief Characteristics of Modern New Religions**; Development of Modern New Religions and Their Social Activities**; New Types of Groups: The “Hyper Religions”**;
  • New Religions in South America – Catholic Charismatic Renewal**; (Neo-)Pentecostalism**; Afro-Brazilian Religions**; New Age**; Asian Religions: Hare Krishna and Buddhism**;
  • New Religions in the United States – New Religions in the 19th Century**; New Religions in the 20th Century**; The Turn East**; The Anticult Movement and Cult Wars**; The Future of New Religions**;
  • Nonviolence – Roots of Christian Nonviolence**; Christian Nonviolence in the Early 20th Century**; Nonviolence in South Asia**; Modern Religious Nonviolence**; Buddhist Nonviolence**;
  • Nordic Countries – Church and State**; Church Membership and Rites of Passage**; Religious Identity, Practice, and Faith**; Ethnic and Religious Minorities**; Changing Religious Landscapes*;
  • North Africa – Pre-Christian History*; The Christian Era*; The Islamic Era**; The Colonial Period**; The Independence Period*;
  • North America – Modern Demographic Realities**; Domination and Christianization**; Modernity and Its Consequences**; Key Trends in the Contemporary Cultural Scene**; Religious Politics and Fragmentation**; The Future of North American Religion and Globalization**;
  • Ottoman Empire – Foundations of Ottoman Social and Legal Structures***; Conclusion*;
    • Ottoman Empire – Foundations of Ottoman Social and Legal Structures – Education**; The Millet System**;
  • Pakistan – History Prior to Independence**; An Independent Pakistan**; Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Taliban**;
  • Palestine – Early History Until the 19th History**; The 19th Century Onward**;
  • Panama – Roman Catholicism**; Mainstream Protestantism*; Pentecostalism*; Marginal Christians*; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements*;
    • Panama – Roman Catholicism – The Panamanian Bishops' Conference*; Catholic Charismatic Renewal or CCR*;
  • Paraguay – Roman Catholicism**; Mainstream Protestantism*; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism*; Marginal Christians*; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements*;
    • Paraguay – Roman Catholicism – Jesuits and Franciscans*; The Bishops' Conference and Liberation Theology**; The Catholic Charismatic Renewal*;
  • Pentecostal Movement – Historical Development**; Pentecostal Expansion**;
  • Perennial Philosophy – The Term Philosophia Perennis**; Philosophia Perennis et Universalis**; The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis**;
    • Perennial Philosophy – The Term Philosophia Perennis – Historical Origin*; Variant Uses**;
    • Perennial Philosophy – Philosophia Perennis et Universalis – Cross-Civilizational Implications**; Related Terms*;
    • Perennial Philosophy – The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis – Origin*; The Return*;
  • Philippines – Dissolution of Indigenous Culture**; Islamic Insurgency and Government Response**;
  • Pilgrimage – Pilgrimage as Journey*; Reasons for Pilgrimage**; Pilgrimage as Ritual**; Pilgrimage Sites**; Time and Boundaries in Pilgrimage**; Pilgrimage and Tourism**; Pilgrimage and Modernity*;
  • Pluralism – Conceptual Outline***; Globalization and Pluralism**;
    • Pluralism – Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space**; Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected**; Pluralism as a Way of Observing the World**;
      • Pluralism – Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism understood as the existence of more than one religious tradition within a given society*; Religious pluralism understood as the coexistence of different institutional or interpretational forms within a given religious tradition*; Religious pluralism as the commitment to and/or combination of beliefs and practices from different religions at an individual level*;
      • Pluralism – Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as a human rights issue*; Religious pluralism as inscribed in state legislations*; Religious pluralism as linked to interfaith dialogue and ecumenical work*;
    • Pluralism – Globalization and Pluralism – The Creation of Transnational Commandments**; The Pluralization and Relativization of State-Societies and Majority Religions**; Translation of the Concept of Religion**;
  • Politics and Religion – Secularization Theory**; Definitions and History**; Types of Differentiation and the Modern State**; Religion and Pluralism**;
    • Politics and Religion – Definitions and History – Religion*; Politics*; The Interplay**;
  • Popular Religion - “Folk” Religion**; Mass Culture*; Late-Modern or Postmodern Religiosity**;
  • Postcolonial Theology – Dating of Postcolonial Theology**; The Critical Analytical Task*; Decolonizing Theologies*;
  • Postcolonialism – Colonial and Postcolonial Knowledge**; Christian Missionizing and the Globalization of Christianity***; Secularization, Nation-State Formation, and Religious Nationalism***;
  • Postmodernism – Modernism Versus Postmodernism**; Pioneers of Postmodernism***; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture**; Postmodernism and Globalization*;
    • Postmodernism – Pioneers of Postmodernism – Structuralism and Deconstructionism (Poststructuralism)*; Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche*; Richard Rorty*; Roland Barthes*; Michel Foucault*; Jacques Derrida*; Jean Baudrillard*; Jean-Francois Lyotard*; Fredric Jameson*;
    • Postmodernism – Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Fragmentation*; Authenticity*; Expression*;
  • Protestant Christianity – Origins*; Protestantism in the Western World*; Missionary Expansion of Protestantism**; Pentecostalism*;
  • Reform Hinduism – The Brahmo Samaj**; The Arya Samaj and the Theosophical Society**; The Ramakrishna Mission*; Aurobindo Ghose*; Mohandas Gandhi*; Hindutva*; The Hindu Diaspora*; Communalism*;
  • Reform Judaism – Emancipation in Europe*; Catalysts for European Reform**; Beginning of the Reform Movement in Germany: Religious Changes**; The Reform Movement in France and England**; The Reform Movement in the United States**; Reform as a Global Movement*;
  • Refugees – Religion and Forced Migration**; Religion and Identity Formation Among Refugees**; Religious Refugee Aid Organizations*;
  • Religion and State – Religion and the Shaping of the Modern State**; The Ways of Separation Between Church and State**;
  • Religious Dialogue – The Concept of Dialogue*; Kinds of Dialogue**; Brief Historical Survey**; Other Initiatives*; Issues and Concerns*;
  • Religious Freedom – Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law***; Religious Support and Resistance***;
    • Religious Freedom – Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law – International Religious Freedom Act**; European Court of Human Rights*; International Efforts*;
    • Religious Freedom – Religious Support and Resistance – Religious History**; Religious Nationalism**; Religious Beliefs**; Right of Conscience**;
  • Religious Minority-Majority Relations – Global Level**; National Level*; Local Level*; Contemporary Pluralism*;
  • Religious Nationalism – Defining and Conceptualizing Religion and Nationalism**; Nationalism, Religion, and Secularization**; Religion and the Nation in a National World**; Nationalism, “Religious Return,” and the Contemporary World**; Conclusion*;
    • Religious Nationalism – Religion and the Nation in a National World – The anticlerical or “laicist” form*; The denominational form*; The national church form*; The separatist religious nationalism form*;
  • Rites of Passage – From Separation to Transition to Incorporation**;
  • Roman Catholicism – Critical Historical Events**; Demographic Composition*; Ethnocultural and Doctrinal Diversity**; The Church's Teaching on Social Justice*; Globalization and Religious Pluralism**;
  • Rome – Rome and Catholicism**; Rome and Other Religions**;
    • Rome – Rome and Catholicism – Holy Year or Jubilee*; The Jubilee 2000 Celebration**;
    • Rome – Rome and Other Religions – Jewish Romans*; Waldensian Protestant Church*; Immigration*; Pluralism*;
  • Russian Federation – The Religious “Map” of the Russian Federation in a Globalized World**; Theological Approach of Russian Orthodoxy to Globalization**; Russian Orthodox Antiglobalism**; Global Russian Orthodoxy**;
  • Sacred Places – Institutionalization, Protection, and Access to Sacred Places**; Conflict Over Sacred Places**;
  • Saints – The Institutionalization of Sainthood***; Unofficial, Popular Saints**; Heavenly and Human Intercessors*;
  • Sanskrit – Origins**; Sanskrit Manuscripts**; Sanskrit Scripts**;
  • Santería – Historical and National Context**; Cosmology and Initiatic System*; Communication between Men and Gods**; Ritual Kinship and Priesthood**; Social Organization and Contemporary Developments**;
  • Scripture – Scripture as a Relational Category**; Canonical Authority***;
    • Scripture – Canonical Authority – Veda**; Tipitaka**; Torah*; Christian Bible**; Qur’an*;
  • Secularization – Defining Secularization*; Theories of Secularization**; Current Developments in Fact and Theory*;
  • Sexuality – Sexual Images**; Attitudes Toward Heterosexuality**; Attitudes toward Homosexuality**; Autoeroticism*; Celbiacy*;
  • Shamanism – Basic Concepts: Saman, Shamanizing, Shamanism, Shamanhood**;
  • Shi’a Islam – Origins*; Shi’ite Ideology*; Religious Ramifications of the Oppositional Shi’ism**; Other Shi’ite Factions**; Suffering, Martyrdom, and Shrine Culture**; Shi’ite Theology and Jurisprudence**;
  • Shinto – History**;
  • Sikhism – History***;
    • Sikhism – History – Beliefs**; Sacred Literature**; Devotional and Ceremonial Life**;
  • Silk Road – Traveling the Roads*; Trade and Commodities*; History Along the Silk Road**; Religion on the Silk Road**;
    • Silk Road – Religion on the Silk Road – Zoroastrianism*; Buddhism*; Manichaeism*; Nestorianism*; Islam*;
  • Wilfred Cantwell Smith – Biography**; Global Religion**;
  • Social Justice – History of Social Justice**; Social Justice Policies*; Criticisms of the Concept of Social Justice*;
  • Abdulkarim Soroush – Religious Experience*; The Qur’an*; Religious Understanding*;
  • South Asia – Beginnings: Brahmanical, Buddhist, and Jain Traditions**; Early Exchanges with Other Cultures*; Classical Hinduism**; Buddhism Spreads Across Asia*; The Consolidation of Islam in the Subcontinent**; Relgiions in Interaction in Early Medieval and Medieval South Asia**; Judaism and Christianity in South Asia**; The Colonial Period**; Hindu Diaspora*; Religion in Postpartition South Asia**;
  • Southeast Asia – Ancient Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms**; Islamic Countries**; Christianity in Southeast Asia**;
  • Sports – Sports as Religious Phenomena**; History of Competing and Complementary Systems**;
  • Sri Lanka – Religious Exchange in the Premodern World**; Colonial Religious History**; Protestant Buddhism**; Buddhist Nationalism**; Diaspora and Vittual Communities**;
  • Stupa – History, Form, and Symbolism*; Sacred Space and Religious Practice*;
  • Sufism – Definitions and Origins Sufism**; Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and Muhyi al-Din Ibn al-‘Arabi**; Characteristics and Development of Sufi Orders*; Jalāluddīn Rūmī*; Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya**; Sufism in the Modern World**;
  • Sunnī Islam – Historical Development***; Modern Developments Among Sunnī Islam**;
    • Sunnī Islam – Historical Development – The Question of Leadership**; Legal and Theological Foundations**;
  • Taiwan – History**; Religions**;
  • Tajikistan – Religious History**; Religious Politics in the Post-Soviet World**;
  • Tattooing and Piercing – Ritual Tattooing*; Ritual Piercing*;
  • Televangelism – American Televangelism**; International Context*;
  • Television – Popular Television's American Roots**; Religious Intolerance in the 21st Century**;
  • Terrorism – The Role of Religion**; Religiously Motivated Terror Movements**; Rationalist Approaches*; The Microeffects of Religion**;
  • Thailand – Development of the Thai Nation-State*; Buddhism in Thailand**; Christianity in Thailand*; Islam in Thailand*; Thailand in the Global Era*;
  • Theravada Buddhism – History**; Scriptures**; Rituals and Practices**; Modenrity**;
  • Tibet – Introduction of Buddhistm to Tibet**; Buddhism in Tibet Today**; Tibet and the People's Republic of China*;
  • Tokyo – Religious Corporations**; Catholics From Abroad**; Muslims*;
  • Torah – Written Torah and Oral Torah**; Torah Between Texts**; Engaging the Torah**;
  • Torture – Legal History of Torture**; International Prohibitions Against Torture**; Torture in Democracies**;
  • Transnational – Transnational Civil Society**; Transnational Migrant Communities**;
  • Transvestites and Transsexuals – Religious Roles**; Religious Rejections**; Changing Relationships*;
  • United Kingdom – Religion and the United Kingdom: A Brief History**; Migration and Secularization**; The 21st Century**;
    • United Kingdom – Religion and the United Kingdom – A Brief History – The Century of Expansion**;
    • United Kingdom – Migration and Secularization – Northern Ireland*;
    • United Kingdom – The 21st Century – Faith Schools**; Islam*; Religious Freedom**;
  • United States of America – Major Religious Traditions**; Regional Patterns**; Polarized Religion**; Civil Religion**;
  • Vajrayana, Tibetan or Tibetan Vajrayana – History**; Philosophy**; Tantra**; Mantra**; Deities**; Ritual Practice**; Distrinctine Features of Tibetan Vajrayana**;
  • Veda – Śruti and Smrti**; Veda Beyond Texts*; Engaging the Veda*;
  • Vietnam – The Tam Giáo**; Indigenous Vietnamese Religion**; Buddhism in Vietnam*; Vietnamese Christianity*; Vietnam at the Beginning of the 21st Century*;
  • Violence – Christianity**; Judaism**; Islam**; Hinduism and Sikhism**; Buddhism**; Studies of Religious Violence**;
  • Vodou – Origins**; Philosophical Tracts*; Rituals*; Future*;
  • Women's Roles – Patriarchy in Religion**; Changes in Women's Role**; Variations in Women's Role Within Traditions**;
    • Women's Roles – Changes in Women's Role – Goddess Religion*; Liberating Founders and Patriarchal Institutions*; The Feminist Movement*;
  • World Council of Churches – Historical Background**; Achievements Since 1948**; Criticisms of the Council**; Initiatives with the Future in View*;
  • World Theology – Catholic Theology**; Anglican and Protestant Theology**; Theology in Global Settings**;
  • Zen Buddhism – History**; Practice**; Zen in the West**;
  • Zionism – The Forerunners of Zionism**; Herzl, Founder of the Zionist Movement*; Challenges to the Zionist Idea**; Contending Interpretations and Factions**;
  • Zoroastrianism and Parsis – Theology**; History**; Influence on Other Religions**;

Encyclopedia of Religion edit

both 1987 and 2005 editions

African American religions edit

Major articles edit

2 pages or more

  • African American religions* – An Overview; History of Study; Afro-American religions* – An Overview – 1987; Afro-Brazilian religions* – 1987; 2005; 2005 – Candomblé;
  • Black theology*;
  • Caribbean religions* – Afro-Caribbean religions; Christianity* – Christianity in Latin America; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808); Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960); Christianity in the Caribbean Region; Christianity in North America; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups;
  • Divination* – An Overview; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms;
  • Gender and religion* – An Overview; An Overview – 2005 – New methodologies and scholarship; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Individual monographs and multiauthor volumes; Gender and African American religions;
  • Healing and medicine* – An Overview; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora;
  • Islam* – An Overview; An Overview – 1987; An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects; An Overview – 2005; Islam in the Americas; Islam in the Americas – 1987; Islam in the Americas – 2005; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in the United States: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries;
  • Jonestown and Peoples Temple*;
  • Kardecism*;
  • Nation of Islam*;
  • Political theology*;
  • Vodou*;
  • Yoruba religion*;

Significant articles edit

3 paragraphs to 2 pages or over 1 column

  • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – African background: continuity and discontinuity; An Overview – 2005 – Categories: invisibility, opacity, and double-consciousness; An Overview – 2005 – Institutionalization; An Overview – 2005 – Religious diversification in the postemancipation period; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; Muslim Movements; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Nation of Islam; History of study – 2005 – W. E. B. Du Bois and the study of African American religion; History of study – 2005 – The Negro church; History of study – 2005 – The Black church; History of study – 2005 – African American religion: a social science perspective; History of study – 2005 – The hidden voices of women: Hurston, Dunham, Deren, and the study of African diasporic religions; History of study – 2005 – Studies in "slave religion"; History of study – 2005 – Expanded studies of black religion and the influence of black theological discourse; History of study – 2005 – Womanist religious thought; History of study – 2005 – Seminal anthologies and documentary histories; History of study – 2005 – New trends and currents in African American religious studies; History of study – 2005 – Bibliography; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The Legacy from Africa; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War; An Overview – 1987 – Transition: Post-Reconstruction to World War I; An Overview – 1987 – Afro-Americans in an urban setting; Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987 – Beliefs and organizational structures; 1987 – Places of worship, iconography, and dress; 1987 – Bibliography; 2005 – Origins, commonalities, and distinctions; 2005 – Umbanda; 2005 – Influence of popular culture; 2005 – Bibliography; Afro-Surinamese religions* – 1987/2005 – Coastal Creole Winti; 1987/2005 – Maroon religions; Richard Allen*;
  • Black theology – 2005 – Origins of black theology; 2005 – Black theology's message; 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – Haitian vodou; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – Cuban Santería; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – The Shango cult in Trinidad; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Convince; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – The Kele cult in Saint Lucia; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Ancestral cult of the Black Carib of Belize; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Revival Zion; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Revival Zion; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Religio-political cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Religio-political cults – Rastafarianism; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Foundations of the colonial church; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Missions; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Later conflicts and crises; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Identity crisis; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Conflict and growth; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Catholicism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Protestantism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life – Catholicism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life – Protestantism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – The Early years; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Roman Catholic Church; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Protestant churches; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Demographics; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of African North Americans; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans – Revivalism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – Growth and change in North American Catholicism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism – American denominationalism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism – Canadian denominationalism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Eastern Orthodoxy; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups – Sectarian movements; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups – New religious movements; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – Canadian Christianity; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – American Christianity; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Alexander Crummell*;
  • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Possession divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Wisdom divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divination in Western religions; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Sacrificial motifs; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Ifa Divination;
  • Elijah Muhammad*;
  • Father Divine*;
  • Marcus Garvey*; Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – What gender does and does not mean; An Overview – 2005 – Gender studies and religion; An Overview – 2005 – Central concepts and concerns; An Overview – 2005 – Significant research themes; An Overview – 2005 – Prominent contemporary debates and new directions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Mythic contexts in constructing gender; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Symbolic construction of gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Ritual and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Myths of the origins of disease; An Overview – 2005 – Proximate causes of illness; An Overview – 2005 – Diagnosis; An Overview – 2005 – Myths of the origins of cure; An Overview – 2005 – Healing techniques; An Overview – 2005 – Healers; An Overview – 2005 – The social body; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Works on specific religious traditions; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities;
  • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history – Early development of the community; An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history – Medieval and later developments; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – The Qur'ān; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sunnah; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Law; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Theology; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism – Sūfī doctrine; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism – Sūfī orders; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects – Shī'ī subsects; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Modernism; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Islam's attitude to other religions; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – Topical studies; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Slaves and plantation communities; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Ottoman immigrants; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Urban life; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Postwar demography and developments; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Slaves and plantation communities; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in the Caribbean and South America; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in Canada; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Absalom Jones*; Jonestown and Peoples Temple – 2005 – Rise and demise; 2005 – Interprative contexts; 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Kardecism – 1987/2005 – Kardec's life and work; 1987/2005 – Kardecism in Brazil; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • George Liele*;
  • Malcolm X*;
  • Nation of Islam – 2005 – Master Fard and the beginning of a movement; 2005 – Elijah Muhammad's teachings; 2005 – The Nation of Islam transformed; 2005 – Bibliography; Nuwaubians*;
  • Political theology – Bibliography; Bibliography – 1987; Bibliography – 1987 – Miscellaneous works;
  • Santería* – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; William Seymour*;
  • Henry McNeal Turner*;
  • Vodou – 1987/2005 – African influence; 1987/2005 – Roman Catholic influence; 1987/2005 – The Vodou view of person; 1987/2005 – Vodou and the dead; 1987/2005 – Vodou ceremonies; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Yoruba religion – Bibliography;

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs

  • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – Creolization in the Atlantic world; An Overview – 2005 – North America: slave religion; An Overview – 2005 – Modalities: the Holy Spirit, moan, and shout; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Moorish Science; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; History of study – 2005 – African American religion and approaches to sacred texts; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – Emancipation and Reconstruction; An Overview – 1987 – Civil rights and black power; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – The issue of African colonization; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Abolition and other social causes; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Religion under slavery; Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987 – Origins and classification of the cults; 2005 – Demographic issues; 2005 – Early research; Afro-Surinamese religions – 1987/2005 – Historical background; 1987/2005 – Slave religion; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Black theology – 2005 – Womanist theology;
  • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Kumina; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – The Kromanti Dance; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – The Big Drum Dance in Grenada and Carriacou; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Spiritual Baptists (Shouters) of Trinidad; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – The Shakers of Saint Vincent; Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Orthodox churches; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005 new additions; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Anglican Church; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – Spanish missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – French missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – English missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – Canadian and American (U.S.) missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans – Puritanism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Evangelicalism and moral crusades; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – New France; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – British North Atlantic colonies; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – Regional Christianity; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – The larger North American landscape; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Alexander Crummell – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Intuitive divination; Ifa Divination – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Elijah Muhammad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Father Divine – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Marcus Garvey – 2005 – Bibliography; Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Gender as an analytical category; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Reference works; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Other works;
  • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Overviews; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Heating things up: raising ashe; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Making wanga; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Poisons that heal; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects – Later sects; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – General works; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – New sources; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Bibliography; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in the Americas: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries; Absalom Jones – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • George Liele – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Malcolm X – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Nuwaubians – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Political theology – Bibliography – 1987 – European political theology; Bibliography – 1987 – Latin American liberation theology; Bibliography – 1987 – Feminist liberation theology; Bibliography – 1987 – Black political theology; Bibliography – 2005;
  • William Seymour – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Henry McNeal Turner – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Vodou – 1987/2005 – Vodou spirits; 1987/2005 – Vodou and magic; 1987/2005 – Vodou in the Haitian diaspora;
  • Yoruba religion – Bibliography – 1987; Bibliography – 2005;

African religions edit

Major articles edit

2 pages or more

Significant articles edit

3 paragraphs to 2 pages or over 1 column

  • Affliction – African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Societies, history, and therapeutics; African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Common features and variations; African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Settings and samples; African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – African background: continuity and discontinuity; An Overview – 2005 – Categories: invisibility, opacity, and double-consciousness; An Overview – 2005 – Institutionalization; An Overview – 2005 – Religious diversification in the postemancipation period; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; African religions – An overview – 1987/2005 – Historical background; An overview – 1987/2005 – General characteristics; An overview – 1987/2005 – Mythology: Creation, heroes, and tricksters; An overview – 1987/2005 – Mediums, diviners, and prophets; An overview – 1987/2005 – Ritual: Sacrifice and rites of passage; An overview – 1987/2005 – Persons, ancestors, and ethics; An overview – 1987/2005 – Shrines, temples, and religious art; An overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – The personal encounter with God; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – Cosmic egg and primal world: theosophical myths; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – Dogon mythology; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches – Prophetic indigenous churches; Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches – Messianic indigenous churches; Modern movements – 1987 – Separatist churches; Modern movements – 1987 – Neotraditional movements; Modern movements – 1987 – The Future of the new African religions; Modern movements – 1987 – Cultural and social contributions of Africa's new religions; Modern movements – 1987 – Bibliography; New religious movements – 2005 – Typologies; New religious movements – 2005 – AICs in Southern Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; New religious movements – 2005 – AICs in West Africa; New religious movements – 2005 – Political independence and modern movements; New religious movements – 2005 – Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity; New religious movements – 2005 – Modern Islam-derived movements; New religious movements – 2005 – Asian, African diaspora, and modern secular religions; New religious movements – 2005 – Neotraditionalist movements; New religious movements – 2005 – Bibliography; History of study – 1987 – Missionary reports; History of study – 1987 – Comparative syntheses: the quest for origins; History of study – 1987 – Tribal monographs; History of study – 1987 – Anthologies and new outlooks; History of study – 1987 – New developments; History of study – 2005 – Ancient considerations; History of study – 2005 – Accounts of early missionaries and explorers; History of study – 2005 – Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries – Evolutionary theory; History of study – 2005 – Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries – Ethnological view; History of study – 2005 – Post- World War II evaluations; History of study – 2005 – Areas of growth; History of study – 2005 – Bibliography; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The Legacy from Africa; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War; An Overview – 1987 – Transition: Post-Reconstruction to World War I; An Overview – 1987 – Afro-Americans in an urban setting; Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Concepts of the human person and implications for life after death; African Concepts – 2005 – Notions of afterlife: clues from the mortuary and funerary rituals; African Concepts – 2005 – The living dead: corporate identity and the destiny of the individual; African Concepts – 2005 – Change, continuity, and contestation: the impact of Christianity and other religions; African Concepts – 2005 – Bibliography; Akan religion – 1987/2005 – Ancestors; 1987/2005 – The deities; Aksumite religion*; Alinesitoue* – 2005 – The Beginnings of a prophet; Amma*;
  • Bambara religion* – 1987/2005 – The Supreme being and the creation; 1987/2005 – Ancestor worship and the dasiri cult; 1987/2005 – Initiatory societies and spiritual life; Bemba religion*; Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Ancient Berber religion; 1987/2005 – Berber religion in Islamic times;
  • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Common base; 1987/2005 – Social setting; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Absence of a cult of the creator; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Ancestral spirits and domestic cults; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Territorial cults, heroes, and nature spirits; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Cults of suffering; 1987/2005 – Religious transformation; Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Beginnings of Christianity in Africa; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – The Colonial period; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Traditional churches; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – African theology; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Christianity around Africa; Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology; African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology – Doctrine or ritual?; African cosmologies – 2005 – Maasai cosmology; African cosmologies – 2005 – Kongo cosmology;
  • Usuman dan Fodio*; Diola religion*; Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Possession divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Wisdom divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divination in Western religions; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Sacrificial motifs; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Ifa Divination; Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – The Creation myth; 1987/2005 – Cults and social organization; 1987/2005 – Speech and being;
  • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divinity and myth; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Lesser deities and their relations with the living; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Explanations of and responses to evil and misfortune; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Religious change and prophetic movements; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Edo religion*;
  • Fiction – African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography; African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography – Primary sources; African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography – Criticism and general studies; Fon and Ewe religion* – 1987/2005 – Fon; Fulbe religion*;
  • Gender and religion – Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Mythic contexts in constructing gender; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Symbolic constructions of gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Rigidity and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Bibliography; God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Relationship to spiritual and human beings and other cosmic entities; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Amma; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Ngewo; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Olódùmarè and Olórun; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Chukwu, or Chineke (Igbo of Eastern Nigeria); African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Nhialic; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Kwoth; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Ngai; African supreme beings – 2005 – Names of notable supreme beings in Africa; African supreme beings – 2005 – Early studies and contemporary appropriation/adoption; African supreme beings – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • William Wade Harris*; Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Religious background; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Health; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Diviner-diagnosticians; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Herbalists; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Surgery; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities; Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ancestors and kings: two case studies; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning – Presence of power; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning – Models of response; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity – Rites of passage; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity – World maintenance rituals;
  • Igbo religion*; Interlacustrine Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – The Spirit powers; 1987/2005 – Cults (1987); 1987/2005 – Social context; Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – Berber religiosity; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – The conquest; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – Arabization; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – Islamization; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – Literary works; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The Almoravid movement; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The Almohads; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The post-Almohad period; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – Official Islam; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs – The Marabout movement; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – From brotherhood to principality; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – Pre-Salafīyah and Salafīyah; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in the Sahara and the Sahel; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Mali: the West African pattern of Islamization; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Scholars and rulers: Tombouctou in Songhai; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in the savanna; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – The Early jihād movements; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Kanem-Bornu and Hausaland to 1800; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Revolution and reform in Hausaland; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – The Progress of Islam in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in East Africa and the interlacustrine/central region; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islamic art and architecture; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Popular Islam in Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Women and Islam; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islamic law in Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Simon Kimbangu*; Kinjikitile*; Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Kongo religious history; 1987/2005 – Kongo beliefs and practices today; Kwoth*;
  • Alice Lenshina*; Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Worlds of the living and the dead; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Lugbara religion – 1987/2005 – Sacrifice to the dead and spirits;
  • Mami Wata*; John Maranke* – 1987/2005 – The Apostolic movement on an international scale; 1987/2005 – The Impact of the Apostolic Church in Central and Southern Africa; Masks* – Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – The Mask and its wearer; Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – The Mask and the dead; Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – Masks, women, and secret societies; Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – Bibliography; 2005 – Historical overview; 2005 – Problems of definition; 2005 – The Geography of ritual masks; 2005 – What does the ritual mask represent?; 2005 – The Mask and its wearer; 2005 – The Mask and the dead; 2005 – Masks, women, and secret societies; Mawu-Lisa*; Mbona*; Muhammad Ahmad*; Mulungu*; Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Organization of sacred music; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Impact of religion on musical life; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions – Islam; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions – Christianity;
  • Ndembu religion* – 1987/2005 – Life-crisis rituals; Ngai*; Nhialic*; Nuer and Dinka religion – 1987/2005 – Divinities and spirits; 1987/2005 – Prophets; Nyame*;
  • Olorun*;
  • Politics and religion – Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Social dynamics; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Colonialization; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Modernization and Christianity; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Islam and the state; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Bibliography; Prophecy – African prophetism – 2005 – East African traditions; African prophetism – 2005 – Xhosa tradition; African prophetism – 2005 – Diola tradition; Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Aka pygmies; 1987/2005 – Baka pygmies; 1987/2005 – Mbuti pygmies; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Sango*; Isaiah Shembe*; Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion; 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – Spirits of the land; 1987/2005 – Christianity among the Shona; Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Theoretical elaborations; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul – Internal soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul – External soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Origin of the soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Destiny of the soul; Southern African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Concepts of God; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Shades; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Ritual life; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Kinship rituals; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Cults of affliction, spirit possession, and divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Witchcraft; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Ritual, order, and the religious experience; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – A Thermodynamic conception of the individual and of the universe; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – The Python cult; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Cosmology and sacred kingship; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Study of religion* – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa – Contributions; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa – Major challenges; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – Scholarly organizations and publications; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Tiv religion*; Tswana religion*;
  • ‘Umar Tāl*; UNkulunkulu*;
  • West African religions – 1987/2005 – The Living and their ancestors; 1987/2005 – Places of worship; 1987/2005 – Initiation and spiritual life; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics – Subjective aspects; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics – Overt consequences of belief; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Distinctive features; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Debate over a basic distinction; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Theoretical approaches to African witchcraft; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Witchcraft under modern conditions; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987;
  • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987;
  • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Zulu cosmology and the natural order; 1987/2005 – Ancestors and social life; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs

  • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – Creolization in the Atlantic world; An Overview – 2005 – North America: slave religion; An Overview – 2005 – Modalities: the Holy Spirit, moan, and shout; African religions – An overview – 1987/2005 – Monotheism and polytheism; An overview – 1987/2005 – Divinity and experience; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – General themes; New religious movements – 2005 – Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity – Neo-Pentecostalism from abroad; New religious movements – 2005 – Conclusions; History of study – 1987 – Bibliography; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – The issue of African colonization; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Abolition and other social causes; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Religion under slavery; An Overview – 1987 – Emancipation and Reconstruction; An Overview – 1987 – Civil rights and black power; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography; Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Afro-theism, cosmogonies, and African notions of afterlife; African Concepts – 2005 – The Living and the dead: the status and role of ancestors; Akan religion – 1987/2005 – High god; 1987/2005 – Christianity and Islam; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Alinesitoue – 2005 – Her Legacy; 2005 – Conclusion; 2005 – Bibliography; Amma – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Berber religion in Christian times; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Professional cults; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Bibliography; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Rise of Pentecostalism; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Relations with Islam; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Conclusion; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Bibliography; Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Conclusion; African cosmologies – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Usuman dan Fodio – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Diola religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Intuitive divination; Ifa Divination – 2005 – Bibliography; Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Drama – African religious drama – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Agaw; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Oromo; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Amhara-Tigriňa; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Gurage; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Majangir; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Bibliography; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Amhara-Tigriňa; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Gurage; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Majangir; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Bibliography; Ethiopian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Ethiopian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Edo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Fon and Ewe religion – 1987/2005 – Ewe; 1987/2005 – Religious change; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Fulbe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Gardens – Gardens in indigenous traditions – 2005 – Bibliography; God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Mythologies: creation and existence; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Names: ancient and descriptive; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Attributes: being and expression; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Anthropomorphic descriptions; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Nyame (Onyankopon, Onyame); African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Osanobwa, or Osanobua; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Mulungu (Bantu and Sudanese of East Africa); African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Nzambi; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Ndjambi; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – UNkulunkulu; African supreme beings – 2005 – Worship;
  • William Wade Harris – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Social context; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Childbirth; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Protection; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body – Witchcraft and sorcery; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body – Ethnopsychiatry; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Bibliography; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Heating things up: raising ashe; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Making wanga; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Poisons that heal; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Igbo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Interlacustrine Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – The prehistoric substrate; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – The Phoenico-Punic influence; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – Romanization and Christianization; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs – The Ottoman Turks; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – From brotherhood to principality – The Zāwiyah and the naturalist substratum; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – The Critique of the zāwiyahs; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – From Salafīyah to nationalism; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam – The New dichotomy; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam – Political temptation; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – The Sūfī orders and the nineteenth-century jihāds in Western Sudan; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in South Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Cultural dynamics; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam during the colonial period; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islamization of African languages; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Future of Islam in Africa; Khoi and San religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Simon Kimbangu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kinjikitile – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kushite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kwoth – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Alice Lenshina – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Luba concepts of body and soul; 1987/2005 – Unity of spiritual and physical worlds; 1987/2005 – Creator god; 1987/2005 – Medicine, witchcraft, sorcery; 1987/2005 – Ritual life; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Lugbara religion – 1987/2005 – Myth; 1987/2005 – Divination; 1987/2005 – Evil; 1987/2005 – Rainmakers and prophets; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Mami Wata – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; John Maranke – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mawu-Lisa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mbona – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Muhammad Ahmad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mulungu – 1987 – Bibliography; Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Ndembu religion – 1987/2005 – Cults of affliction; 1987/2005 – Spirits (1987); 1987/2005 – God; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Ngai – 1987 – Bibliography; Nhialic – 1987 – Bibliography; Nuer and Dinka religion – 1987/2005 – Priests and sacrifice; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Nyakyusa religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Nyame – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Olorun – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Prophecy – African prophetism – 2005 – Mediums, diviners, and prophets; African prophetism – 2005 – Bibliography; Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Rites of passage – African rites – 2005 – Ndebele birth ritual; African rites – 2005 – Agikuyu initiation rites; African rites – 2005 – Marriage in Tswana culture; African rites – 2005 – Sacred kingship among the Edo; African rites – 2005 – Limba funeral rituals; African rites – 2005 – Conclusion; African rites – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Sango – 1987 – Bibliography; Isaiah Shembe – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – The ancestral cult; 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – Regional cults; 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – Peripheral cults; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Summary; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Southern African religions – Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – Contextualization; Swazi religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Tiv religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Tricksters – African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Tswana religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • ‘Umar Tāl – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; UNkulunkulu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • West African religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Spirit possession; 1987/2005 – Traditional belief and Zulu Christianity; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;

Altaic religions edit

Major articles edit

2 pages or more

Significant articles edit

3 paragraphs to 2 pages or over 1 column

  • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism; 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism – The Shaman; 1987/2005 – Marginalized shamanism;
  • Chinggis Khan*; Chuvash religion*;
  • Dolgan religion*;
  • Erlik*;
  • Gesar – 2005 – Bibliography; Geser*;
  • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Scythians; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Hsiung-nu or Xiong-nu; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Huns; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Türk; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Uighurs; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Ongon*;
  • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – The Forest peoples; 1987/2005 – Cattle breeding and the vertical conception of the world; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987;
  • Tengri – 1987/2005 – The Sky god; Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – The Common heritage; 1987/2005 – The Popular religion; 1987/2005 – The Imperial religion; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Ülgen*; Umai*;
  • Yakut religion – 1987/2005 – Cosmology; 1987/2005 – The Pantheon; 1987/2005 – The Shaman;

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs

  • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Hunter's shamanism; 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism – The Sky creators and their founding sons; 1987/2005 – The Adaptation of shamanism; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Chinggis Khan – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Chuvash religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Dolgan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Erlik – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Gesar – 2005 – The Epic: historical background and links with Buddhism; 2005 – The Episodes; 2005 – Bards; 2005 – Appropriation of the epic; Geser – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – Ancient views of Inner Asia; 1987/2005 – Early medieval Judaic, Christian, and Islamic views (1987); 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Yüeh-chih or Yuezhi, Wu-sun or Wusun, and Kushans; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Hsien-pei or Xianbei and Juanjuan or Ruanruan; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Avars, Khazars, and Bulgars; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – Central Asia before the Mongol conquest; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Rise of Inner Asian powers in Manchuria; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – Chinggis Khan and the Mongol conquest; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Mongols in Europe; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Golden Horde and the Il-khanids; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Mongols in China; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Mongol religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005*;
  • Ongon – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005*;
  • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Tengri – 1987/2005 – Deities named Tengri; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Tunguz religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Ülgen – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Umai – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Yakut religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;

Subarticles edit

  • Affliction – African cults of affliction***;
    • Affliction – African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Societies, history, and therapeutics**; Common features and variations**; Settings and samples**; Bibliography**;
  • African American religions – An Overview***; Muslim Movements**; History of Study***;
    • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – African background: continuity and discontinuity**; Creolization in the Atlantic world*; North America: slave religion*; Categories: invisibility, opacity, and double-consciousness**; Modalities: the Holy Spirit, moan, and shout*; Institutionalization**; Religious diversification in the postemancipation period**; Bibliography**;
    • African American religions – Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Moorish Science*; Nation of Islam**; Bibliography*;
      • African American religions – Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
    • African American religions – History of study – 2005 – W. E. B. Du Bois and the study of African American religion**; The Negro church**; The Black church**; African American religion: a social science perspective**; The hidden voices of women: Hurston, Dunham, Deren, and the study of African diasporic religions**; Studies in "slave religion"**; Expanded studies of black religion and the influence of black theological discourse**; Womanist religious thought**; Seminal anthologies and documentary histories**; African American religion and approaches to sacred texts*; New trends and currents in African American religious studies**; Bibliography**;
  • African religions – An overview***; Mythic themes***; Modern movements – 1987***; New religious movements***; History of study***;
    • African religions – An overview – 1987/2005 – Historical background**; General characteristics**; Mythology: Creation, heroes, and tricksters**; Monotheism and polytheism*; Divinity and experience*; Mediums, diviners, and prophets**; Ritual: Sacrifice and rites of passage**; Persons, ancestors, and ethics; Shrines, temples, and religious art**; Bibliography**;
    • African religions – Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – General themes*; The personal encounter with God**; Mediators between order and disorder***; Binary oppositions and interchanges***; Cosmic egg and primal world: theosophical myths**; Dogon mythology**; Bibliography**;
    • African religions – Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches***; Separatist churches**; Neotraditional movements**; The Future of the new African religions**; Cultural and social contributions of Africa's new religions**; Bibliography**;
      • African religions – Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches – Prophetic indigenous churches**; Messianic indigenous churches**;
    • African religions – New religious movements – 2005 – Typologies**; AICs in Southern Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo**; AICs in West Africa**; Political independence and modern movements**; Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity**; Modern Islam-derived movements**; Asian, African diaspora, and modern secular religions**; Neotraditionalist movements**; Conclusions*; Bibliography**;
      • African religions – New religious movements – 2005 – Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity – Neo-Pentecostalism from abroad*;
    • African religions – History of study – 1987***; 2005***;
      • African religions – History of study – 1987 – Missionary reports**; Comparative syntheses: the quest for origins**; Tribal monographs**; Anthologies and new outlooks**; New developments**; Bibliography*;
      • African religions – History of study – 2005 – Ancient considerations**; Accounts of early missionaries and explorers**; Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries***; Post- World War II evaluations**; Areas of growth**; Bibliography**;
        • African religions – History of study – 2005 – Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries – Evolutionary theory**; Ethnological view**;
  • Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987***;
    • Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The Legacy from Africa**; The colonial period to the Civil War**; Emancipation and Reconstruction*; Transition: Post-Reconstruction to World War I**; Afro-Americans in an urban setting**; Civil rights and black power*; Bibliography*;
      • Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – The issue of African colonization*; Abolition and other social causes*; Religion under slavery*;
  • Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987***; 2005***;
    • Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987 – Origins and classification of the cults*, Beliefs and organizational structures**; Places of worship, iconography, and dress**; Bibliography**;
    • Afro-Brazilian religions – 2005 – Origins, commonalities, and distinctions**; Demographic issues*; Early research*; Candomblé***; Umbanda**; Influence of popular culture**; Bibliography**;
  • Afro-Surinamese religions – 1987/2005 – Historical background*; Slave religion*; Coastal Creole Winti**; Maroon religions**; Bibliography*;
  • Afterlife – African Concepts***;
    • Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Afro-theism, cosmogonies, and African notions of afterlife*; Concepts of the human person and implications for life after death**; Notions of afterlife: clues from the mortuary and funerary rituals**; The living dead: corporate identity and the destiny of the individual**; The Living and the dead: the status and role of ancestors*; Change, continuity, and contestation: the impact of Christianity and other religions**; Bibliography**;
  • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – High god*; Ancestors**; The deities**; Christianity and Islam*; Bibliography*;
    • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Alinesitoue – 2005 – The Beginnings of a prophet**; Her Legacy*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
  • Amma – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – The Supreme being and the creation**; Ancestor worship and the dasiri cult**; Initiatory societies and spiritual life**; Bibliography*;
    • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Ancient Berber religion**; Berber religion in Christian times*; Berber religion in Islamic times**; Bibliography*;
    • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Afterlife – African Concepts***;
    • Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Afro-theism, cosmogonies, and African notions of afterlife*; Concepts of the human person and implications for life after death**; Notions of afterlife: clues from the mortuary and funerary rituals**; The living dead: corporate identity and the destiny of the individual**; The Living and the dead: the status and role of ancestors*; Change, continuity, and contestation: the impact of Christianity and other religions**; Bibliography**;
  • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – High god*; Ancestors**; The deities**; Christianity and Islam*; Bibliography*;
    • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Alinesitoue – 2005 – The Beginnings of a prophet**; Her Legacy*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
  • Amma – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – The Supreme being and the creation**; Ancestor worship and the dasiri cult**; Initiatory societies and spiritual life**; Bibliography*;
    • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Ancient Berber religion**; Berber religion in Christian times*; Berber religion in Islamic times**; Bibliography*;
    • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Black theology – 2005 – Origins of black theology**; Black theology's message**; Womanist theology*; Bibliography**;
  • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Hunter's shamanism*; The Cattle breeder's shamanism**; Marginalized shamanism**; The Adaptation of shamanism*; Bibliography*;
    • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism – The Shaman**; The Sky creators and their founding sons*;
    • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions***;
    • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults**; Ancestral cults**; Revivalist cults**; Religio-political cults**; Bibliography**;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – Haitian vodou**; Cuban Santería**; The Shango cult in Trinidad**;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Kumina*; Convince**; The Kromanti Dance*; The Big Drum Dance in Grenada and Carriacou*; The Kele cult in Saint Lucia**; Ancestral cult of the Black Carib of Belize**;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Revival Zion**; Spiritual Baptists (Shouters) of Trinidad*; The Shakers of Saint Vincent*;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Religio-political cults – Rastafarianism**;
  • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Common base**; Social setting**; Cults and spirits***; Religious transformation**; Bibliography*;
    • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Absence of a cult of the creator**; Ancestral spirits and domestic cults**; Territorial cults, heroes, and nature spirits**; Professional cults*; Cults of suffering**;
    • Central Bantu religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Chinggis Khan – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Chinggis Khan – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa***; Christianity in Latin America***; Christianity in the Caribbean Region***; Christianity in North America***;
    • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987***; 2005**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Beginnings of Christianity in Africa**; The Colonial period**; Independent churches***; Traditional churches**; African theology**; Bibliography*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Christianity around Africa**; The Rise of Pentecostalism*; Relations with Islam*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808)***; Church and national states (1808-1960)***; The Church and signs of new life**; Bibliography**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Foundations of the colonial church**; Missions**; Later conflicts and crises**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Identity crisis**; Conflict and growth**; Catholicism**; Protestantism**; Orthodox churches*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life – Catholicism**; Protestantism**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005 new additions*;
    • Christianity – Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – The Early years**; Social structure and Caribbean Christianity**; Demographics**; Bibliography*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Roman Catholic Church**; Anglican Church*; Protestant churches**;
    • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born***; Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups***; National and regional chronicles**; Bibliography**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans**; Conversion of African North Americans**; Conversion of European North Americans**; Evangelicalism and moral crusades*;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – Spanish missions*; French missions*; English missions*; Canadian and American (U.S.) missions*;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans – Puritanism*; Revivalism**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism**; Protestantism**; Eastern Orthodoxy**; Independent religious groups**;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – New France*; British North Atlantic colonies*; Growth and change in North American Catholicism**;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism – American denominationalism**; Canadian denominationalism**;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups – Sectarian movements**; New religious movements**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – Canadian Christianity**; American Christianity**; Regional Christianity*; The larger North American landscape*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Chuvash religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Chuvash religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Cosmology – African cosmologies***;
    • Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology**; Maasai cosmology**; Kongo cosmology**; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
      • Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology – Doctrine or ritual?**;
  • Alexander Crummell – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Usuman dan Fodio – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Diola religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Divination – An Overview***; Ifa Divination**;
    • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms***; Divination in Western religions**; Sacrificial motifs**; Bibliography**;
      • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Intuitive divination*; Possession divination**; Wisdom divination**;
    • Divination – Ifa Divination – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – The Creation myth**; Cults and social organization**; Speech and being**; Bibliography*;
    • Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Dolgan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Drama – African religious drama***;
    • Drama – African religious drama – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • East African religions – An Overview***; Ethiopian religions***; Northeast Bantu religions***;
    • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divinity and myth**; Lesser deities and their relations with the living**; Explanations of and responses to evil and misfortune**; Religious change and prophetic movements**; Bibliography**;
      • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
    • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 1987***; 2005***;
      • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Agaw*; Oromo*; Amhara-Tigriňa*; Gurage*; Majangir*; Bibliography*;
      • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Amhara-Tigriňa*; Gurage*; Majangir*; Bibliography*;
        • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
    • East African religions – Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography**;
      • East African religions – Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Edo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Elijah Muhammad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Erlik – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Erlik – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Father Divine – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Fiction – African fiction and religion***;
    • Fiction – African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography**;
      • Fiction – African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography – Primary sources**; Criticism and general studies**;
  • Fon and Ewe religion – 1987/2005 – Fon**; Ewe*; Religious change*; Bibliography*;
    • Fon and Ewe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Fulbe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Fulbe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Gardens – Gardens in indigenous traditions***;
    • Gardens – Gardens in indigenous traditions – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Marcus Garvey – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Gender and religion – An Overview***; Gender and African religious traditions***; Gender and African American religions***;
    • Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – What gender does and does not mean**; Gender studies and religion**; Central concepts and concerns**; New methodologies and scholarship***; Significant research themes**; Prominent contemporary debates and new directions**; Bibliography***;
      • Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Gender as an analytical category*; Reference works*; Other works*; Individual monographs and multiauthor volumes***;
    • Gender and religion – Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions**; Mythic contexts in constructing gender**; Symbolic constructions of gender studies in African religious traditions**; Rigidity and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere**; Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions**; Bibliography**;
    • Gender and religion – Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions**; Mythic contexts in constructing gender**; Symbolic construction of gender studies in African religious traditions**; Ritual and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere**; Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions**; Bibliography**;
  • Gesar – 2005 – The Epic: historical background and links with Buddhism*; The Episodes*; Bards*; Appropriation of the epic*; Bibliography**;
  • Geser – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • God – African supreme beings – 2005***;
    • God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views**; Supreme beings in local geographical contexts**; Worship*; Names of notable supreme beings in Africa**; Early studies and contemporary appropriation/adoption**; Bibliography**;
      • God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Mythologies: creation and existence*; Names: ancient and descriptive*; Attributes: being and expression*; Relationship to spiritual and human beings and other cosmic entities**; Anthropomorphic descriptions*;
      • God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Amma**; Nyame (Onyankopon, Onyame)*; Ngewo**; Olódùmarè and Olórun**; Osanobwa, or Osanobua*; Chukwu, or Chineke (Igbo of Eastern Nigeria)**; Mulungu (Bantu and Sudanese of East Africa)*; Nzambi*; Nhialic**; Kwoth**; Ndjambi*; Ngai**; UNkulunkulu*;
  • William Wade Harris – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Healing and medicine – An Overview***; Healing and medicine in Africa***; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora***;
    • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Myths of the origins of disease**; Proximate causes of illness**; Diagnosis**; Myths of the origins of cure**; Healing techniques**; Healers**; The social body**; Bibliography**;
      • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Overviews*; Works on specific religious traditions**;
    • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Religious background**; Health**; Healing**; Healing mind and body**; Bibliography*;
      • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Diviner-diagnosticians**; Herbalists**; Social context*; Childbirth*; Surgery**; Protection*;
      • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body – Witchcraft and sorcery*; Ethnopsychiatry*;
    • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves*; Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities**; Heating things up: raising ashe*; Making wanga*; Poisons that heal*; Bibliography*;
    • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves*; Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities**; Heating things up: raising ashe*; Making wanga*; Poisons that heal*; Bibliography*;
  • Iconography – Traditional African iconography***;
    • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ancestors and kings: two case studies**; Form and meaning**; Ritual activity**; Bibliography*;
      • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning – Presence of power**; Models of response**;
      • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity – Rites of passage**; World maintenance rituals**;
  • Igbo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – Ancient views of Inner Asia*; Early medieval Judaic, Christian, and Islamic views (1987)*; The History of Inner Asia***; Bibliography**;
    • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Scythians**; Hsiung-nu or Xiong-nu**; Yüeh-chih or Yuezhi, Wu-sun or Wusun, and Kushans*; Huns**; Hsien-pei or Xianbei and Juanjuan or Ruanruan*; Türk**; Avars, Khazars, and Bulgars*; Uighurs**; Mongols**;
      • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – Central Asia before the Mongol conquest*; The Rise of Inner Asian powers in Manchuria*; Chinggis Khan and the Mongol conquest*; The Mongols in Europe*; The Golden Horde and the Il-khanids*; The Mongols in China*;
    • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Interlacustrine Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – The Spirit powers**; Cults (1987)**; Social context**; Bibliography*;
  • Islam – An Overview***; Islam in North Africa***; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa***; Islam in the Americas***;
    • Islam – An Overview – 1987***; 2005***;
      • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history***; The Systematic content of Islam***; Bibliography**;
        • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history – Early development of the community**; Medieval and later developments**;
        • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – The Qur'ān**; Sunnah**; Law**; Theology**; Sufism***; Sects***; Modernism**; Islam's attitude to other religions**;
          • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism – Sūfī doctrine**; Sūfī orders**;
          • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects – Shī'ī subsects**; Later sects*;
        • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – General works*; Topical studies**; New sources*;
      • Islam – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography**;
    • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion**; The Arab period***; The Berber period***; The Islam of the Zawiyahs**; From brotherhood to principality**; The Islam of the Salafīyah**; Political Islam**; Bibliography*;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – The prehistoric substrate*; The Phoenico-Punic influence*; Romanization and Christianization*; Berber religiosity**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – The conquest**; Arabization**; Islamization**; Literary works**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The Almoravid movement**; The Almohads**; The post-Almohad period**; Official Islam**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs – The Ottoman Turks*; The Marabout movement**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – From brotherhood to principality – The Zāwiyah and the naturalist substratum*;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – Pre-Salafīyah and Salafīyah**; The Critique of the zāwiyahs*; From Salafīyah to nationalism*;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam – The New dichotomy*; Political temptation*;
    • Islam – Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in the Sahara and the Sahel**; Mali: the West African pattern of Islamization**; Scholars and rulers: Tombouctou in Songhai**; Islam in the savanna**; The Early jihād movements**; Kanem-Bornu and Hausaland to 1800**; Revolution and reform in Hausaland**; The Sūfī orders and the nineteenth-century jihāds in Western Sudan*; The Progress of Islam in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa**; Islam in East Africa and the interlacustrine/central region**; Islam in South Africa*; Islamic art and architecture**; Cultural dynamics*; Islam during the colonial period*; Popular Islam in Africa**; Women and Islam**; Islamic law in Africa**; Islamization of African languages*; Future of Islam in Africa*; Bibliography**;
    • Islam – Islam in the Americas – 1987***; 2005***;
      • Islam – Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Slaves and plantation communities**; Ottoman immigrants**; Urban life**; Postwar demography and developments**; Bibliography*;
      • Islam – Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Slaves and plantation communities**; Islam in the Americas: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries*; Islam in the Caribbean and South America**; Islam in Canada**; Islam in the United States: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries***; Bibliography**;
  • Absalom Jones – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Jonestown and Peoples Temple – 2005 – Rise and demise**; Interprative contexts**; Bibliography**;
  • Kardecism – 1987/2005 – Kardec's life and work**; Kardecism in Brazil**; Bibliography**;
  • Khoi and San religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Khoi and San religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Simon Kimbangu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Simon Kimbangu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa***;
    • Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
      • Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kinjikitile – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Kongo religious history**; Kongo beliefs and practices today**; Bibliography*;
    • Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kushite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Kushite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kwoth – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Alice Lenshina – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • George Liele – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Luba concepts of body and soul*; Unity of spiritual and physical worlds*; Worlds of the living and the dead**; Creator god*; Medicine, witchcraft, sorcery*; Ritual life*; Bibliography**;
    • Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Lugbara religion – 1987/2005 – Myth*; Sacrifice to the dead and spirits**; Divination*; Evil*; Rainmakers and prophets*; Bibliography*;
  • Malcolm X – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Mami Wata – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • John Maranke – 1987/2005 – The Apostolic movement on an international scale**; The Impact of the Apostolic Church in Central and Southern Africa**; Bibliography*;
  • Masks – Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures***; 2005***;
    • Masks – Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – The Mask and its wearer**; The Mask and the dead**; Masks, women, and secret societies**; Bibliography**;
    • Masks – 2005 – Historical overview**; Problems of definition**; The Geography of ritual masks**; What does the ritual mask represent?**; The Mask and its wearer**; The Mask and the dead**; Masks, women, and secret societies**; Bibliography***;
  • Mawu-Lisa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Mbona – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Mbona – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Mongol religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Mongol religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Muhammad Ahmad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Mulungu – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa***;
    • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Organization of sacred music**; Impact of religion on musical life**; Introduced religions**; Bibliography*;
      • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions – Islam**; Christianity**;
      • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Nation of Islam – 2005 – Master Fard and the beginning of a movement**; Elijah Muhammad's teachings**; The Nation of Islam transformed**; Bibliography**;
  • Ndembu religion – 1987/2005 – Cults of affliction*; Life-crisis rituals**; Spirits (1987)*; God*; Bibliography*;
    • Ndembu religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Ngai – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Nhialic – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Nuer and Dinka religion – 1987/2005 – Divinities and spirits**; Priests and sacrifice*; Prophets**; Bibliography*;
  • Nuwaubians – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Nyakyusa religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Nyame – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Olorun – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Ongon – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Ongon – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Political theology – Bibliography**;
    • Political theology – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
      • Political theology – Bibliography – 1987 – European political theology*; Latin American liberation theology*; Feminist liberation theology*; Black political theology*; Miscellaneous works**;
  • Politics and religion – Politics and African religious traditions***;
    • Politics and religion – Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Social dynamics**; Colonialization**; Modernization and Christianity**; Islam and the state**; Bibliography**;
  • Prophecy – African prophetism – 2005 – Mediums, diviners, and prophets*; East African traditions**; Xhosa tradition**; Diola tradition**; Bibliography*;
  • Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Aka pygmies**; Baka pygmies**; Mbuti pygmies**; Bibliography**;
    • Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Rites of passage – African rites – 2005 – Ndebele birth ritual*; Agikuyu initiation rites*; Marriage in Tswana culture*; Sacred kingship among the Edo*; Limba funeral rituals*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
  • Sango – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Santería – 1987/2005 – Bibliography**;
  • William Seymour – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Isaiah Shembe – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion**; Christianity among the Shona**; Bibliography*;
    • Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – The ancestral cult*; Spirits of the land**; Regional cults*; Peripheral cults*;
  • Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Theoretical elaborations**; Varieties of the soul**; Origin of the soul**; Destiny of the soul**; Summary*; Bibliography*;
    • Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul – Internal soul**; External soul**;
  • Southern African religions – An Overview***; Southern Bantu religions***;
    • Southern African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Concepts of God**; Shades**; Ritual life**; Kinship rituals**; Cults of affliction, spirit possession, and divination**; Witchcraft**; Ritual, order, and the religious experience**; Bibliography**;
    • Southern African religions – Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – A Thermodynamic conception of the individual and of the universe**; The Python cult**; Cosmology and sacred kingship**; The Ritual complex of circumcision***; Bibliography**;
      • Southern African religions – Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – The Forest peoples**; Hunting, alliance, and the horizontal conception of the world***; Cattle breeding and the vertical conception of the world**; Bibliography**;
    • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa**; Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa**; Bibliography**;
    • Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa – Contributions**; Major challenges**;
    • Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – Scholarly organizations and publications**; Contextualization*;
  • Swazi religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Swazi religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tengri – 1987/2005 – Deities named Tengri*; The Sky god**; Bibliography*;
    • Tengri – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tiv religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tiv religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tricksters – African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tricksters – African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tswana religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tswana religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tunguz religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tunguz religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – The Common heritage**; The Popular religion**; The Imperial religion**; Bibliography**;
    • Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Henry McNeal Turner – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Ülgen – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Ülgen – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Umai – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • ‘Umar Tāl – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • ‘Umar Tāl – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • UNkulunkulu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • UNkulunkulu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Vodou – 1987/2005 – African influence**; Roman Catholic influence**; Vodou spirits*; The Vodou view of person**; Vodou and the dead**; Vodou ceremonies**; Vodou and magic*; Vodou in the Haitian diaspora*; Bibliography**;
  • West African religions – 1987/2005 – The Creator and creation***; The Living and their ancestors**; Places of worship**; Initiation and spiritual life**; Bibliography**;
    • West African religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Witchcraft – African witchcraft***;
    • Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics**; Distinctive features**; Debate over a basic distinction**; Theoretical approaches to African witchcraft**; Witchcraft under modern conditions**; Bibliography**;
      • Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics – Subjective aspects**; Overt consequences of belief**;
      • Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Yakut religion – 1987/2005 – Cosmology**; The Pantheon**; The Shaman**; Bibliography*;
  • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography**;
    • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Zulu cosmology and the natural order**; Ancestors and social life**; Spirit possession*; Traditional belief and Zulu Christianity*; Bibliography**;
    • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;

Encyclopedia of Sacred Places edit

Encyclopedia of Sacred Places by Norbert C. Brockman, ABC-Clio, 1997, ISBN 0-87436-8308.

Major articles edit

2 pages or more

Significant articles edit

3 paragraphs or over 1 column to 2 pages

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs

  • Black Hills, South Dakota/Wyoming – Bear Butte, South Dakota;
  • Catacombs, Rome – Santa Domitilla; San Callisto; St. Sebastian; St. Laurence; St. Pancras; Catacomb of Priscilla; Chaco, New Mexico – Fajada Butte, New Mexico; Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico; Casa Riconada, New Mexico; Coptic Cairo, Egypt – Sitt Mariam; Convent of St. George; Abu Serga; Sitt Barbara;
  • Gargano Massif, Italy – San Giovanni Rotunda;
  • Hajj, Saudi Arabia - ’Umrah; Hearth of Buddhism, India/Nepal – Kushinagar, India; Hebron, Palestinian Authority – Ibrahim Mosque; Cave of the Patriarchs; Holocaust sites – Bergen-Belsen, Germany; Chelmno, Poland; Jasenovac, Croatia; Kraków, Poland; Majdenek, Poland; Mauthausen, Austria; Paneriai, Lithuania; Ravensbrück, Germany; Sachsenhausen, Germany; Sobibór, Poland; Theresienstadt, Czech Republic; Treblinka, Poland; Warsaw, Poland; Yad Vashem, Poland;
  • Istanbul Mosques – Blue Mosque; Fatih Mosque; Süleymaniye; Yeni Mosque;
  • Jerusalem, Christian sites – Church of the Holy Sepulchre; Mount of Olives; Dominus Flevit; Mount Zion; Via Dolorosa; Pool of Bethesda; Jerusalem, Islamic sites – Mount Zion; Dome of the Rock; Dome of the Chain; al-Aqsa mosque; Jerusalem, Jewish sites – Mount Moriah; Mount of Olives; Common Grave; Jewish Graveyard; Tombs of the Prophets; Yad Vashem; Avenue of the Righteous; Garden of the Children of the Holocaust; Memorial to the Destroyed Communities;
  • Kumbh Mela sites, India – Allahbad]; Nasik; Ujjain; Hardwar; Kyoto, Japan – Enryakuji Monastery; Ryoanji Temple; Ginkakuji Temple; Path of Philosophy; Kinkakuji Temple;
  • Luther circle, Germany – Eisleben; Mansfield; Erfurt;
  • Marian Apparitions – Akita, Japan; Banneux, Belgium; Knock, Ireland; La Sallette, France; Miraculous Medal Shrine, Paris; Pontmain, France; Zeitoun, Egypt; Lourdes, France; Medicine wheels – Majorville Cairn and Medicine Wheel site, Alberta; Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Wyoming; Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel, Saskatchewan; Wanuskewin, Saskatchewan; Sedona, Arizona; Meteora Monasteries, Greece – Great Meteoron; Agia Trias; Varlaam; Agios Nikolaos; Agios Stefanos; Agia Barbara; Mound-builders, United States – Effigy Mounds, Iowa; Lizard Mound, Wisconsin; Mound City, Ohio; Newark Earthworks, Ohio; Serpent Mound, Ohio; Mountains, Sacred or Sacred Mountains – Mount Olympus, Greece; Mount Kilimanjaro, Kenya; Mount Zion, Israel; Mount Carmel, Israel; St. Catherines, Greece;
  • Nara, Japan – Horyu-ji Temple; Kasuga Taisha Shrine; Todai-ji Shrine; Native American Sacred Places – Onagazi; Devil's Tower, Wyoming; Canyon de Chelly, Arizona; Mesa Verde, Colorado; Nikko, Japan – Shinkyo; Rinno-ji Temple; Futara-san Shrine;
  • Orissa Triangle, India – Bhubaneswar; Lingaraj Temple; Bindu Sarovar; Konarak; Sun Temple; Puri; Jagganath Temple;
  • Rome, Italy – Coliseum; St. John Lateran; St. Peter's; St. Mary Major; St. Paul's-Outside-the-Walls; Scala Santa; Salus Populi Romani; Santa Costanza; San Clemente; Santa Maria della Vittoria; St. Theresa in Ecstasy; Church of the Gesù; St. Lawrence; Holy Cross in Jerusalem; St. Sebastian; Santa Sabina;
  • Sabbathday Lake, Maine; Sainte-Anne de Beaupre, Canada; Saint Anthony of Padua, Italy; Saint Januarius, Italy; Saint Joseph's Oratory, Canada; Slave depots – Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Bunce Island, Sierra Leone; Cape Coast Castle, Ghana; Christianborg, Accra, Ghana; St. George's Castle, Elmina, Ghana; Zanzibar Island, Tanzania;
  • Tokyo, Japan – Hie Jinja Shrine; Kanda Myojin Shrine; Meiji Jingu Shrine; Senkgakuji Temple; Senso-ji Temple; Yasukuni Shrine;

Redirects edit

Subentries edit

names entered in italics in main entries

  • Black Hills, South Dakota/Wyoming – Bear Butte, South Dakota*;
  • Catacombs, Rome – Santa Domitilla*; San Callisto*; St. Sebastian*; St. Laurence*; St. Pancras*; Catacomb of Priscilla*;
  • Chaco, New Mexico – Fajada Butte, New Mexico*; Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico*; Casa Riconada, New Mexico*;
  • Coptic Cairo, Egypt – Sitt Mariam*; Convent of St. George*; Abu Serga*; Sitt Barbara*;
  • Gargano Massif, Italy – San Giovanni Rotunda*;
  • Hajj, Saudi Arabia - ’Umrah*;
  • Hearth of Buddhism, India/Nepal – Lumbini, Nepal**; Bodh Gaya, India**; Sarnath, India**; Kushinagar, India*;
  • Hebron, Palestinian Authority – Ibrahim Mosque*; Cave of the Patriarchs*;
  • Holocaust sites – Bergen-Belsen, Germany*; Chelmno, Poland*; Jasenovac, Croatia*; Kraków, Poland*; Majdenek, Poland*; Mauthausen, Austria*; Paneriai, Lithuania*; Ravensbrück, Germany*; Sachsenhausen, Germany*; Sobibór, Poland*; Theresienstadt, Czech Republic*; Treblinka, Poland*; Warsaw, Poland*; Yad Vashem, Poland*;
  • Istanbul Mosques – Blue Mosque*; Fatih Mosque*; Süleymaniye*; Yeni Mosque*;
  • Jerusalem, Christian sites – Church of the Holy Sepulchre*; Mount of Olives*; Dominus Flevit*; Mount Zion*; Via Dolorosa*; Pool of Bethesda*;
  • Jerusalem, Islamic sites – Mount Zion*; Dome of the Rock*; Dome of the Chain*; al-Aqsa mosque*;
  • Jerusalem, Jewish sites – Mount Moriah*; Western Wall**; Mount of Olives*; Common Grave*; Jewish Graveyard*; Tombs of the Prophets*; Yad Vashem*; Avenue of the Righteous*; Garden of the Children of the Holocaust*; Memorial to the Destroyed Communities*;
  • Kumbh Mela sites, India – Allahbad*; Nasik*; Ujjain*; Hardwar*;
  • Kyoto, Japan – Enryakuji Monastery*; Ryoanji Temple*; Ginkakuji Temple*; Path of Philosophy*; Kinkakuji Temple*;
  • Luther circle, Germany – Eisleben*; Mansfield*; Erfurt*; Wittenberg**;
  • Marian Apparitions – Akita, Japan*; Banneux, Belgium*; Garabandal, Spain**; Knock, Ireland*; La Sallette, France*; Miraculous Medal Shrine, Paris*; Pontmain, France*; Zeitoun, Egypt*; Lourdes, France*;
  • Medicine wheels – Majorville Wheel, Alberta*; Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Wyoming*; Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel, Saskatchewan*; Wanuskewin, Saskatchewan*; Sedona, Arizona*;
  • Meteora Monasteries, Greece – Great Meteoron*; Agia Trias*; Varlaam*; Agios Nikolaos*; Agios Stefanos*; Agia Barbara*;
  • Mound-builders, United States – Effigy Mounds, Iowa*; Lizard Mound, Wisconsin*; Mound City, Ohio*; Newark Earthworks, Ohio*; Serpent Mound, Ohio*;
  • Mountains, Sacred or Sacred Mountains – Mount Olympus, Greece*; Mount Kilimanjaro, Kenya*; Mount Zion, Israel*; Mount Carmel, Israel*; St. Catherines, Greece*;
  • Nara, Japan – Horyu-ji Temple*; Kasuga Taisha Shrine*; Todai-ji Shrine*;
  • Native American Sacred Places – Onagazi*; Devil's Tower, Wyoming*; Canyon de Chelly, Arizona*; Mesa Verde, Colorado*;
  • Nikko, Japan – Shinkyo*; Rinno-ji Temple*; Toshu-gu Shrine**; Futara-san Shrine*;
  • Orissa Triangle, India – Bhubaneswar*; Lingaraj Temple*; Bindu Sarovar*; Konarak*; Sun Temple*; Puri*; Jagganath Temple*;
  • Rome, Italy – Coliseum*; St. John Lateran*; St. Peter's*; St. Mary Major*; St. Paul's-Outside-the-Walls*; Scala Santa*; Salus Populi Romani*; Santa Costanza*; San Clemente*; Santa Maria della Vittoria*; St. Theresa in Ecstasy*; Church of the Gesù*; St. Lawrence*; Holy Cross in Jerusalem*; St. Sebastian*; Santa Sabina*;
  • Slave depots – Bagamoyo, Tanzania*; Bunce Island, Sierra Leone*; Cape Coast Castle, Ghana*; Christianborg, Accra, Ghana*; St. George's Castle, Elmina, Ghana*; Zanzibar Island, Tanzania*;
  • Tokyo, Japan – Hie Jinja Shrine*; Kanda Myojin Shrine*; Meiji Jingu Shrine*; Senkgakuji Temple*; Senso-ji Temple*; Yasukuni Shrine*;

Religions of the World edit

Religions of the World, ed. J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann, 2nd ed., ABC-Clio, 2010, ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.

Major articles edit

2 pages or more

Significant articles edit

3 paragraphs to 2 pages

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs, less than 1 column

Redirects edit

Subarticles edit

  • Abraham or Abram – Abraham in the Book of Genesis**; Abraham in Islam**; Abraham in Christianity*;
  • African Initiated Churches or African Independent Churches – Types and Terms***;
    • African Initiated Churches or African Independent Churches – Types and Terms – African/Ethiopian Churches**; Spirit/Prophet-Healing Churches**; Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches**;
  • African Traditional Religions – Theism: God and Lesser Divinities***; Dynamism: Power and Power Specialists***; Spirituality: Ancestors and the Spirit World**;
  • Ancestors – Christian Responses to Ancestors**;
  • Athens – The Pagan Era**; The Christian Era**; The Muslim Era**; Independence**;
  • Baha’i Faith – Historical Background***; Beliefs and Practices***;
  • Bahamas – Overview of Religious Development***;
  • Barbados – Other Religions**;
  • Belize – The Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups*; Other Religious Groups**;
  • Birth – The Origins of the Child*; Pregnancy and Birth Rituals**; Purity and Pollution of the Mother**; Welcoming the Baby**;
  • Brazil, Japanese Religions in or Japanese Religions in Brazil – Prewar Diversity of Religious Practices**; The Situation after World War II**; Transnationalization of Japanese Religions in Latin America and Beyond**; The Dekasegi Phenomenon's Impact on the Religious Field*;
  • Buddhism – The Primary Buddhist Traditions**; Spread and Local Development***; Buddhism in the West***;
    • Buddhism – Spread and Local Development – Burma/Myanmar*; Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos**; China**; Republic of China (Taiwan)*; Vietnam**; Korea**; Japan**; Tibet**;
      • Buddhism – Spread and Local Development – Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos – Thailand*; Cambodia*; Laos*;
    • Buddhism – Buddhism in the West – Europe**; North America**; Australia**; South Africa**;
  • Calendars, Religious or Religious Calendars – Alternate Religious Calendars***;
    • Calendars, Religious or Religious Calendars – Alternate Religious Calendars – The Hebrew Calendar**; The Calendar of Islam**; Chinese Calendar**; Indian Calendars**; The Nanakshahi Calendar of the Sikhs**; Baha’i Calendar**; Zoroastrian Calendar*;
  • Chile – Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christians**; Additional Groups**;
  • China – Hong Kong***; Macao**; Taiwan***; Tibet***;
    • China – Tibet – Tibetan Buddhism: History and Practice**;
  • Chinese Religions – The Earliest Dynasties: Divination, Sacrifice, and Ancestor Worship**; The Early Confucian Tradition**; Chinese Cosmology – Yin and Yang and the Five Agents**; Buddhism in China**; Literati and Neo-Confucianism as Religion**; Popular Religion*; Religion and Rebellion (Sectarianism)**; Religion in the PRC Today**;
  • Christianity – Doctrinal Development**; The Church of the Middle Ages**; The Second Millenium of Christianity**; The Drive for Reform**; The Protestant Reformation**; The Age of Exploration**; Protestant Expansion**; The 20th Century**; The Future of Christianity**;.
  • Colombia – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christians**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Costa Rica – Protestantism***; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Creationism – The Development of Creationist Theology*; Old Earth and Gap Theories*; “New Earth” and Flood Theories**; Strategies and Court Cases**; Creationism in Other Religions*;
  • Cuba – The Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Daoism – History of Daoism***; Daoism Today**; Daoist Practices**;
  • Death – Communication with the Dead: Visions, Dreams, Mediumship, Necromancy, Incubation**; The Rise of Religious Beliefs That Mitigate the Destructive Power of Death**; Death and the Divine Promise of Bodily Resurrection in Islam and Christianity***; Reflection on the Ars Moriendi in Modernity**;
  • Ecuador – Current Religious Situation**; Historical Overview of Social, Political and Religious Development***; The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement**; Other Christian Groups**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • El Salvador – History of El Salvador**; The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups*; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Energy – Indian Concepts of Energy*; Energy in China*; Energy in Japan*; Energy in African Traditions*; Energy in Western Culture**; Some Contemporary Religious Views of Energy**;
  • Enlightenment – Buddhism**; Hinduism**; Tantra**;
  • Evangelicalism – The 18th Century*; The 19th Century**; The Early 20th Century**; The Emergence of Neo-Evangelicalism**; Current Situation**;
  • Flagellation – Flagellation in Antiquity**; Flagellation and Self-Flagellation in Roman Catholic Christianity**; Self-Flagellation in Shia Islam**;
  • Fundamentalism – The Fundamentals**; Developments after the Great War**; Trends since 1970*;
  • Guatemala – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Religions**;
  • Gurdjieff Foundations – Small Group Meetings**; Movements and Dances**; Music*; Study of Ideas*; Practical Work*; Activities with Children and Young People**;
  • Hinduism - “Hinduism,” A Problematic Term**; Main Historical Epochs***;
    • Hinduism – Main Historical Epochs – The Harappa Culture*; Epoch of the Veda or Brahmanism**; Epoch of the Epics or Classical Hinduism***; Epoch of Postclassical Hinduism and Islamic Rule*; Epoch of Neo-Hinduism, British Rule, and Independence**; Principal Concepts and Practice***;
  • Holy Week – Palm Sunday*; Holy Thursday or Maundy Thursday*; Good Friday**;
  • Honduras – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Religions**;
  • India, Contemporary Religion in; Asian Religions or Asian Religions in Contemporary India or Contemporary Asian Religion in India – Buddhism***; Jainism**; Sikhism***;
  • India, Contemporary Religion in: Middle Eastern Religions or Middle Eastern Religions in Contemporary India or Contemporary Middle Eastern Religion in India – Christianity**; Islam***; Judaism**; Other Religious Communities**;
  • India, Hinduism in: Ancient Vedic Expression or Hinduism in India: Ancient Vedic Expressions or Ancient Vedic Hinduism in India – Prehistoric Period**; Vedic Period***;
  • India, Hinduism in: Modern Period or Hinduism in India: Modern Period or Modern Period Hinduism in India – Living Hinduism in Practice***;
  • Indonesia – The Coming of Islam**; The Dutch Era**; Modern Indonesia**;
  • Iran – Zoroastrianism**; Islam**; Judaism**; Christianity**;
  • Islam – Muhammad the Prophet***; The Origin of the Koran**; Major Themes of the Koran**; The Five Pillars of Islam**; Jihad, Islam, and Terrorism**; The Branches of Islam**; The Progress of the Faith***;
    • Islam – Muhammad the Prophet – Historical Accuracy and Muhammad***;
    • Islam – Major Themes of the Koran – Allah**; Muhammad**; Biblical Material*; Jesus*; True Believers**; Heaven, Hell, and Judgment Day**;
  • Jainism – Jain Beliefs**; Divisions within the Jain Community***; Contemporary Jain Communities**;
  • Judaism – Ancient Origins***; The Greek and Roman Eras**; Judaism in the Diaspora**; Development of the Modern Jewish Community**; Zion, Holocaust, Israel**;
  • Korean Buddhism – Three Kingdoms Buddhism (ca. late fourth century-668 CE)**; Unified Silla Buddhism (668-935)**; Koryo Buddhism (918-1392)**; Buddhism under the Choson (1392-1910) and the Modern Era**;
  • Liturgical Year – Advent: First Sunday of Advent through December 24*; Christmas: December 25 through to Epiphany*; Epiphany**; Ordinary Time after the Baptism: Monday after the Epiphany through Lent*; Lent: Ash Wednesday through Holy Saturday*; Easter: Easter Vigil through Pentecost**; Ordinary Time after Pentecost: The Day after Pentecost through the Final Day before Advent*;
  • Martyrdom – Judaism**; Christianity**; Islam**;
  • Mary, Blessed Virgin or Blessed Virgin Mary – Doctrinal Development**; Mary in Islam*;
  • Meditation – Meditation in the Major Religious Traditions and in Contemporary Life**; Types of Meditation Practice**; Meditation in Contemporary Life*;
  • Mexico – The Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement**; The Current Situation***; Eastern Orthodox and Independent Catholic Jurisdictions**; Other Christian Churches**; Other Religions**;
  • Modernity – Modern Religious Trends**;
  • Monasticism – Buddhist Monasticism**; Jaina Monasticism**; Christian Monasticism***;
  • Nara, Six Buddhist Schools of or Six Buddhist Schools of Nara – The Kusha School**; The Jujitsu School**; The Sanron School**; The Hosso School**; The Kegon School**; Ritsu School**;
  • Native American Religion: Roman Catholicism – Enculturation**; Theology and Ritual**; Kateri Tekakwitha**;
  • New Years' Day – Chinese New Year's Day**; Islamic New Year's Day**; Baha'i New Year's Day*; Indian New Year's Day*; Sikh New Year's Day*; Other Religions*;
  • Nicaragua – Spanish Colonial Period and Development of the Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement**; Other Christian Groups*; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Occupied Territories – Muslims**; Jews**; Christians*; Religious Freedom*;
  • Paraguay – Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement**; Additional Groups*; Non-Christian Religions**;
  • Passover – Toward a Christian Passover**; Jewish Christians*;
  • Peru – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups**; Addiotional Religious Groups**;
  • Pesach – Passover and Christianity*;
  • Pilgrimage – Ubiquity and the Secular*; Symbolism and Sacred Traces**; Buildings and Landscape*; Replication and Localization*; Tourism, Travel, and Modernity**;
  • Puerto Rico – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Religions***;
  • Relics – Buddhist Relics***; Christian Relics***; Relics in Islam**; Relics and Unbelief*;
  • Roman Catholic Church – Theological Emphases**; The Church, Ministry, and Magisterium***; Theological Anthropology, Nature, and Grace**; Saints and Mary**; Sacraments**; The Kingdom of God and Eschatology**;
  • Russia – Religion in Pre-Soviet Russia (before 1917)***; Religion in the Soviet Union (1917-1991)**; Religion in Post-Soviet Russia***;
  • Russia, Protestantism in or Protestantism in Russia – Russian Sectarianism**; Western Protestantism in Russia**; Protestant Missionaries and New Russian Protestant Groups before 1917**; Protestantism under the Soviet Regime (1917-1991)**; Protestantism in Post-Soviet Russia**;
  • Saints – History*; Canonization in the Roman Catholic Tradition**; Miracles**;
  • Secularization – Theories and Responses to Secularization**;
  • Soka Gakkai International – Belief and Practice**; The Schism of 1991**;
  • Spain – Religion in the History of Spain: 1st-15th centuries**; Religion in the History of Spain: 15th-20th Centuries***; From the Second Repuglic to General Franco's Regime**; Present-day Situation: Religion in Spanish Society**; The Legal Framework of Religion in Spain**;
  • Spirit Possession – Prophetic Possession**; Healing Practices Connected with Spirit Possession*; Channeling and Mediumship*; Demonic Possession**; Anyakayapravesha*;
  • Statues: Buddhist – Buddhist Mega Statuary*; Standing Buddhas**; Seated Buddhas**; Reclining Buddhas**; Other Mega Statues*; The Maitreya Project**;
  • Statues: Christian – Christian Mega Statues**;
  • Sukkot – Christian Appropriation**;
  • Suriname – Christianity**; Islam**; Hinduism**; Judaism*; Buddhism*; Other Religious Groups**;
  • Temples: Buddhist – Early Places of Worship**; Temple Development in East Asia**; Theravada Temples*; Mahayana Temples**; Vajrayana Temples**; Temples Today**;
  • Thomas Aquinas – Thomas's Thought**; Thomas in Context**; Thomas Aquinas Today**;
  • Unbelief – Atheism***; The Issue of Marxism**; Modern Western Unbelief**; Pseudoscience**; Agnosticism**;
  • Uruguay – Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Venezuela – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement**; Other Christian Traditions**; Additional Religious Traditions**;
    • Venezuela – Other Christian Traditions – Eastern Orthodox and Indigenous Western Catholic*; Additional Christian Groups**;
    • Venezuela – Additional Religious Traditions – Buddhism*; Hinduism*; Sant Mat*; Islam*; Baha'i Faith*; Judaism*; Animists – Native Americans or Amerindians*; Animists – Latin American Popular Religiosity (influenced by Roman Catholicism)*; Western Esoteric-Occult Orders**; Psychic-Spiritualist-New Age Traditions*;
  • Violence, Religious or Religious Violence – Recent Explanations of Religious Violence**; The Causes of Religious Violence**;
  • Women, Status and Role of or Status and Role of Women – Hinduism**; Buddhism**; Judaism*; Christianity**; Islam**; Western Esotericism*; Women's Spirituality*;
  • Yoga – History of Yoga***; The Yogi Tradition**;

Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices edit

Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices, ed. Timothy Riggs, Thomson-Gale, 2006, ISBN 0-7876-9390-1.

Major articles edit

2 or more pages

Significant articles edit

3 paragraphs to 2 pages

Minor articles edit

1 or 2 paragraphs

  • Afghanistan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; African traditional religions – Gye Nyame; Glossary – Abaluhya; Glossary – Babalawo; Glossary – Baganda; Glossary – Bambara; Glossary – Bantu; Glossary – Ba Kongo; Glossary – Ba Thonga; Glossary – Cosmogony; Glossary – Cosmology; Glossary – Dagara; Glossary – Divination; Glossary – Edo; Glossary – Fang; Glossary – Fon; Glossary – Ifa; Glossary – Igbo; Glossary – Kaguru; Glossary – Lupupa; Glossary – Manyika; Glossary – Masai; Glossary – Mwari; Glossary – Odu; Glossary – Olódùmarè; Glossary – Opele; Glossary – Orisa; Glossary – Yoruba; Glossary – Zulu; Sacred kingship; Organizational structure; Racism in the early study of African religions; Religious tolerance; Social justice; Social aspects; Controversial issues; Albania – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Algeria – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Andorra – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Angola – Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Antigua and Barbuda – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism – Date of origin; Anglicanism – Number of followers; Anglicanism – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism – What is sacred?; Anglicanism – Holidays and festivals; Anglicanism – Mode of dress; Anglicanism – Dietary practices; Anglicanism – Rituals; Anglicanism – Rites of passage; Anglicanism – Membership; Anglicanism – Social justice; Anglicanism – Social aspects; Anglicanism – Political impact; Anglicanism – Controversial issues; Anglicanism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Argentina – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Armenia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Armenian Apostolic Church – Date of origin; Armenian Apostolic Church – Number of followers; Armenian Apostolic Church – Early and modern leaders; Armenian Apostolic Church – Major theologians and authors; Armenian Apostolic Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Armenian Apostolic Church – What is sacred?; Armenian Apostolic Church – Holidays and festivals; Armenian Apostolic Church – Mode of dress; Armenian Apostolic Church – Dietary practices; Armenian Apostolic Church – Rites of passage; Armenian Apostolic Church – Membership; Armenian Apostolic Church – Social justice; Armenian Apostolic Church – Social aspects; Armenian Apostolic Church – Political impact; Armenian Apostolic Church – Controversial issues; Armenian Apostolic Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Australia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Bibliography; Austria – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Other religions; Bibliography; Azerbaijan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Baháʼí Faith – Nine-pointed star; Glossary – Babi; Glossary – Baha; Glossary – Hand of the Cause of God; Glossary – Huququllah; Glossary – Manifestation of God; Glossary – Nineteen Day Feast; Glossary – Qiblih; Glossary – Universal House of Justice; Glossary – Ya Baha ul-abha; Racism and Racial Prejudice: A Passage from the Administrative Texts; Sacred books; Sacred symbols; Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí faith, on How to Live One's Life; What Is Sacred; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Bibliography; The Bahamas – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Baptist churches – Date of origin; Baptist churches – Number of followers; Baptist churches – Early and modern leaders; Baptist churches – Major theologians and authors; Baptist churches – Houses of worship and holy places; Baptist churches – What is sacred?; Baptist churches – Holidays and festivals; Baptist churches – Mode of dress; Baptist churches – Dietary practices; Baptist churches – Rituals; Baptist churches – Rites of passage; Baptist churches – Membership; Baptist churches – Social justice; Baptist churches – Social aspects; Baptist churches – Political impact; Baptist churches – Controversial issues; Baptist churches – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bahrain – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Bangladesh – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Barbados – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglican church – Date of origin; Anglican church – Number of followers; Anglican church – Early and modern leaders; Anglican church – Major theologians and authors; Anglican church – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglican church – What is sacred?; Anglican church – Holidays and festivals; Anglican church – Mode of dress; Anglican church – Dietary practices; Anglican church – Rituals; Anglican church – Rites of passage; Anglican church – Membership; Anglican church – Social justice; Anglican church – Social aspects; Anglican church – Political impact; Anglican church – Controversial issues; Anglican church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Belarus – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Belarusan Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Rituals; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Membership; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Social justice; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Political impact; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Belgium – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Belize – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Benin – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Vodun – Date of origin; Vodun – Number of followers; Vodun – Major theologians and authors; Vodun – Houses of worship and holy places; Vodun – What is sacred?; Vodun – Holidays and festivals; Vodun – Mode of dress; Vodun – Dietary practices; Vodun – Rites of passage; Vodun – Membership; Vodun – Social justice; Vodun – Social aspects; Vodun – Political impact; Vodun – Controversial issues; Vodun – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bhutan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin; Tibetan Buddhism – Number of followers; Tibetan Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Tibetan Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Tibetan Buddhism – What is sacred?; Tibetan Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Tibetan Buddhism – Mode of dress; Tibetan Buddhism – Rituals; Tibetan Buddhism – Rites of passage; Tibetan Buddhism – Membership; Tibetan Buddhism – Social aspects; Tibetan Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bolivia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bosnia and Herzegovina – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Serbian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Serbian Orthodox Church – History; Serbian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Serbian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Serbian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Serbian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Serbian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Serbian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Serbian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Serbian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Serbian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Serbian Orthodox Church – Membership; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Serbian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Serbian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Serbian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Botswana – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous religions – Date of origin; African indigenous religions – Number of followers; African indigenous religions – History; African indigenous religions – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous religions – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous religions – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous religions – What is sacred?; African indigenous religions – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous religions – Mode of dress; African indigenous religions – Dietary practices; African indigenous religions – Rites of passage; African indigenous religions – Membership; African indigenous religions – Social justice; African indigenous religions – Social aspects; African indigenous religions – Political impact; African indigenous religions – Controversial issues; African indigenous religions – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Brazil – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Brunei – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Buddhism – Wheel of the Dharma; Glossary – Anagarika; Glossary – Arhat; Glossary – Bhikkhu; Glossary – Bhikkhuni; Glossary – Bodhi; Glossary – Bodhisattva; Glossary – Ch'an (Zen); Glossary – Dana; Glossary – Deva; Glossary – Dharma (Dhamma); Glossary – Duhkha (Dukkha); Glossary – Eightfold Path (Magga; Marga); Glossary – Four Noble Truths; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Mahayana Buddhism (Northern Buddhism); Glossary – Nirvana; Glossary – Pancha sila; Glossary – Prajna; Glossary – Puja; Glossary – Samsara; Glossary – Samudaya; Glossary – Sangha; Glossary – Shramana; Glossary – Sila; Glossary – 10 Paramitas; Glossary – Theravada Buddhism (Southern Buddhism); Glossary – Three Refuges (Triple Gem); Glossary – Tripitaka (Tipitaka); Glossary – Upaya; Glossary – Vajrayana (Tantra); Glossary – Wheel of the Dharma; The Practice of Deity Yoga; Sacred symbols; Major theologians and authors; Organizational structure; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rites of passage; Temporary Ordination; Religious tolerance; Mahayana Buddhism – Moral code of conduct; Mahayana Buddhism – Sacred books; Mahayana Buddhism – Sacred symbols; Mahayana Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Mahayana Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Mahayana Buddhism – Organizational structure; Mahayana Buddhism – The Bodhisattva; Mahayana Buddhism – What is sacred?; Mahayana Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Mahayana Buddhism – Mode of dress; Mahayana Buddhism – Dietary practices; Mahayana Buddhism – Rites of passage; Mahayana Buddhism – Membership; Mahayana Buddhism – Religious tolerance; Mahayana Buddhism – Social justice; Mahayana Buddhism – Social aspects; Mahayana Buddhism – Controversial issues; Mahayana Buddhism – Cultural impact; Mahayana Buddhism – Bibliography; Theravada Buddhism – Overview; Theravada Buddhism – Sacred books; Theravada Buddhism – Sacred symbols; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Organizational structure; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Tibetan Buddhism – Overview; Tibetan Buddhism – Central doctrines; Tibetan Buddhism – Moral code of conduct; Tibetan Buddhism – Sacred books; Tibetan Buddhism – Sacred symbols; Tibetan Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Tibetan Buddhism – Exorcisms; Tibetan Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Tibetan Buddhism – Organizational structure; Tibetan Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Tibetan Buddhism – What is sacred?; Tibetan Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Tibetan Buddhism – Mode of dress; Tibetan Buddhism – Dietary practices; Tibetan Buddhism – Rituals; Tibetan Buddhism – Rites of passage; Tibetan Buddhism – Membership; Tibetan Buddhism – Religious tolerance; Tibetan Buddhism – Social justice; Tibetan Buddhism – Social aspects; Tibetan Buddhism – Controversial issues; Tibetan Buddhism – Cultural impact; Tibetan Buddhism – Bibliography; Bulgaria – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin; Orthodox Christianity – Number of followers; Orthodox Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Orthodox Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Orthodox Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Orthodox Christianity – What is sacred?; Orthodox Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Orthodox Christianity – Mode of dress; Orthodox Christianity – Dietary practices; Orthodox Christianity – Rituals; Orthodox Christianity – Rites of passage; Orthodox Christianity – Membership; Orthodox Christianity – Social justice; Orthodox Christianity – Social aspects; Orthodox Christianity – Political impact; Orthodox Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Burkina Faso – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Traditional beliefs – Date of origin; Traditional beliefs – Number of followers; Traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; Traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; Traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; Traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; Traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; Traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; Traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; Traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; Traditional beliefs – Membership; Traditional beliefs – Social justice; Traditional beliefs – Social aspects; Traditional beliefs – Political impact; Traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; Traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Burundi – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Cambodia – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cameroon – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Canada – Country overview – Introduction; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other Christian denominations – Date of origin; Other Christian denominations – Number of followers; Other Christian denominations – Major theologians and authors; Other Christian denominations – Houses of worship and holy places; Other Christian denominations – What is sacred?; Other Christian denominations – Holidays and festivals; Other Christian denominations – Mode of dress; Other Christian denominations – Dietary practices; Other Christian denominations – Rituals; Other Christian denominations – Social justice; Other Christian denominations – Social aspects; Other Christian denominations – Political impact; Other Christian denominations – Controversial issues; Other Christian denominations – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cape Verde – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Central African Republic – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Chad – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Chile – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; China – Chinese popular religions – Date of origin; Chinese popular religions – Number of followers; Chinese popular religions – Early and modern leaders; Chinese popular religions – Major theologians and authors; Chinese popular religions – Houses of worship and holy places; Chinese popular religions – What is sacred?; Chinese popular religions – Mode of dress; Chinese popular religions – Dietary practices; Chinese popular religions – Rituals; Chinese popular religions – Rites of passage; Chinese popular religions – Membership; Chinese popular religions – Social justice; Chinese popular religions – Social aspects; Chinese popular religions – Political impact; Chinese popular religions – Controversial issues; Chinese popular religions – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Christianity – Cross; Glossary – Advent; Glossary – Anglicanism; Glossary – Apocrypha; Glossary – Atonement; Glossary – Baptism; Glossary – Casuistry; Glossary – Catechesis; Glossary – Charismatics; Glossary – Chrismation; Glossary – Conciliar; Glossary – Confirmation; Glossary – Congregationalism; Glossary – Epiphany; Glossary – Eschatology; Glossary – Eucharist (Communion; Lord's Supper); Glossary – Evangelicalism; Glossary – Extreme unction; Glossary – Grace; Glossary – Lent; Glossary – Matrimony; Glossary – Messiah; Glossary – Ordination; Glossary – Orthodoxy; Glossary – Pentecost; Glossary – Pentecostalism; Glossary – Petrine primacy; Glossary – Presbyterianism; Glossary – Protestantism; Glossary – Reconciliation; Glossary – Roman Catholicism; Glossary – Sacrament; Glossary – Sacramental; Glossary – Salvation; Glossary – Trinity; Glossary – Uniate; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Overview; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Moral code of conduct; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Sacred books; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Sacred symbols; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Organizational structure; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – What is sacred?; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Holidays and festivals; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Mode of dress; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Dietary practices; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Rituals; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Rites of passage; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Membership; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Social justice; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Social aspects; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Controversial issues; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Cultural impact; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – The Controversy over a Gay Bishop; Baptist tradition – Moral code of conduct; Baptist tradition – Sacred books; Baptist tradition – Sacred symbols; Baptist tradition – Diversity among Baptists; Baptist tradition – Early and modern leaders; Baptist tradition – Major theologians and authors; Baptist tradition – Organizational structure; Baptist tradition – Houses of worship and holy places; Baptist tradition – What is sacred?; Baptist tradition – Holidays and festivals; Baptist tradition – Mode of dress; Baptist tradition – Dietary practices; Baptist tradition – Rituals; Baptist tradition – Rites of passage; Baptist tradition – Membership; Baptist tradition – Religious tolerance; Baptist tradition – Social justice; Baptist tradition – Social aspects; Baptist tradition – Controversial issues; Baptist tradition – Cultural impact; Baptist tradition – Bibliography; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Overview; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Central doctrines; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Moral code of conduct; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Sacred books; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Sacred symbols; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Early and modern leaders; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Major theologians and authors; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Organizational structure; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Houses of worship and holy places; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – What is sacred?; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Holidays and festivals; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Mode of dress; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Dietary practices; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Rituals; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Rites of passage; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Membership; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Religious tolerance; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Social justice; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – The Latter-day Saint movement; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Social aspects; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Controversial issues; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Cultural impact; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Bibliography; Coptic Christianity – Central doctrines; Coptic Christianity – Moral code of conduct; Coptic Christianity – Sacred symbols; Coptic Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Coptic Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Coptic Christianity – Organizational structure; Coptic Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Coptic Christianity – Coptic Monastic Life and Church Renewal; Coptic Christianity – What is sacred?; Coptic Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Coptic Christianity – Mode of dress; Coptic Christianity – Dietary practices; Coptic Christianity – Rites of passage; Coptic Christianity – Membership; Coptic Christianity – Religious tolerance; Coptic Christianity – Social justice; Coptic Christianity – Social aspects; Coptic Christianity – Controversial issues; Coptic Christianity – Cultural impact; Coptic Christianity – Bibliography; Eastern Christianity – Overview; Eastern Christianity – Central doctrines; Eastern Christianity – Moral code of conduct; Eastern Christianity – Sacred books; Eastern Christianity – Sacred symbols; Eastern Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Christianity – Organizational structure; Eastern Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Christianity – What is sacred?; Eastern Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Christianity – Mode of dress; Eastern Christianity – Dietary practices; Eastern Christianity – Rituals; Eastern Christianity – Rites of passage; Eastern Christianity – Membership; Eastern Christianity – Religious tolerance; Eastern Christianity – Social justice; Eastern Christianity – Social aspects; Eastern Christianity – Controversial issues; Eastern Christianity – Cultural impact; Eastern Christianity – Bibliography; Eastern Orthodoxy – Moral code of conduct; Eastern Orthodoxy – Sacred books; Eastern Orthodoxy – Sacred symbols; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Organizational structure; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Religious tolerance; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Icons; Eastern Orthodoxy – Bibliography; Evangelicalism – Overview; Evangelicalism – History; Evangelicalism – Central doctrines; Evangelicalism – Moral code of conduct; Evangelicalism – Sacred books; Evangelicalism – Sacred symbols; Evangelicalism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelicalism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelicalism – Organizational structure; Evangelicalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelicalism – What is sacred?; Evangelicalism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelicalism – Mode of dress; Evangelicalism – Dietary practices; Evangelicalism – Rituals; Evangelicalism – Rites of passage; Evangelicalism – Membership; Evangelicalism – Religious tolerance; Evangelicalism – Social justice; Evangelicalism – Social aspects; Evangelicalism – Controversial issues; Evangelicalism – Cultural impact; Evangelicalism – Explosive Growth; Evangelicalism – Bibliography; Jehovah's Witnesses – Overview; Jehovah's Witnesses – Sacred books; Jehovah's Witnesses – Sacred symbols; Jehovah's Witnesses – Early and modern leaders; Jehovah's Witnesses – Major theologians and authors; Jehovah's Witnesses – Organizational structure; Jehovah's Witnesses – Houses of worship and holy places; Jehovah's Witnesses – What is sacred?; Jehovah's Witnesses – The Slave Class; Jehovah's Witnesses – Holidays and festivals; Jehovah's Witnesses – Mode of dress; Jehovah's Witnesses – Dietary practices; Jehovah's Witnesses – Rituals; Jehovah's Witnesses – Rites of passage; Jehovah's Witnesses – Membership; Jehovah's Witnesses – Religious tolerance; Jehovah's Witnesses – Social justice; Jehovah's Witnesses – Social aspects; Jehovah's Witnesses – Controversial issues; Jehovah's Witnesses – Cultural impact; Jehovah's Witnesses – Bibliography; Lutheranism – Moral code of conduct; Lutheranism – Sacred books; Lutheranism – Sacred symbols; Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Lutheranism – Organizational structure; Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Lutheranism – Rituals; Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Lutheranism – Membership; Lutheranism – Religious tolerance; Lutheranism – Social justice; Lutheranism – Social aspects; Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Lutheranism – The Small Catechism; Lutheranism – Bibliography; Methodism – Overview; Methodism – Moral code of conduct; Methodism – Sacred books; Methodism – Sacred symbols; Methodism – Early and modern leaders; Methodism – Major theologians and authors; Methodism – Organizational structure; Methodism – Houses of worship and holy places; Methodism – What is sacred?; Methodism – Holidays and festivals; Methodism – Mode of dress; Methodism – Dietary practices; Methodism – Rituals; Methodism – Rites of passage; Methodism – Membership; Methodism – Religious tolerance; Methodism – Social justice; Methodism – Social aspects; Methodism – Controversial issues; Methodism – Cultural impact; Methodism – The Name "Methodist"; Methodism – Bibliography; Pentecostalism – Moral code of conduct; Pentecostalism – Sacred books; Pentecostalism – Sacred symbols; Pentecostalism – Early and modern leaders; Pentecostalism – Major theologians and authors; Pentecostalism – Organizational structure; Pentecostalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Pentecostalism – What is sacred?; Pentecostalism – Holidays and festivals; Pentecostalism – Mode of dress; Pentecostalism – Dietary practices; Pentecostalism – Rituals; Pentecostalism – Rites of passage; Pentecostalism – Membership; Pentecostalism – Religious tolerance; Pentecostalism – Numbers of Pentecostal Groups; Pentecostalism – Social justice; Pentecostalism – Social aspects; Pentecostalism – Controversial issues; Pentecostalism – Cultural impact; Pentecostalism – Bibliography; Protestantism – Overview; Protestantism – Sacred books; Protestantism – Sacred symbols; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Organizational structure; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Religious tolerance; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Priesthood of All Believers; Protestantism – Bibliography; Reformed Christianity – Overview; Reformed Christianity – Sacred books; Reformed Christianity – Sacred symbols; Reformed Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Reformed Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Reformed Christianity – Organizational structure; Reformed Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Reformed Christianity – What is sacred?; Reformed Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Reformed Christianity – Mode of dress; Reformed Christianity – Dietary practices; Reformed Christianity – The Word of God; Reformed Christianity – Rites of passage; Reformed Christianity – Membership; Reformed Christianity – Religious tolerance; Reformed Christianity – Social justice; Reformed Christianity – Social aspects; Reformed Christianity – Controversial issues; Reformed Christianity – Bibliography; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Moral code of conduct; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Sacred books; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Sacred symbols; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Early and modern leaders; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Major theologians and authors; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Organizational structure; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Houses of worship and holy places; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – What is sacred?; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Holidays and festivals; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Mode of dress; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Dietary practices; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Quotes from George Fox, Founder of the Quakers; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Rites of passage; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Membership; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Religious tolerance; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Social justice; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Social aspects; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Controversial issues; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Cultural impact; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Bibliography; Roman Catholicism – Central doctrines; Roman Catholicism – Sacred books; Roman Catholicism – Sacred symbols; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Organizational structure; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – The Second Vatican Council; Roman Catholicism – Bibliography; Seventh-day Adventists – Overview; Seventh-day Adventists – Moral code of conduct; Seventh-day Adventists – Sacred books; Seventh-day Adventists – Sacred symbols; Seventh-day Adventists – Early and modern leaders; Seventh-day Adventists – Major theologians and authors; Seventh-day Adventists – Organizational structure; Seventh-day Adventists – Houses of worship and holy places; Seventh-day Adventists – What is sacred?; Seventh-day Adventists – Seventh-day Adventist: What's in a Name?; Seventh-day Adventists – Holidays and festivals; Seventh-day Adventists – Mode of dress; Seventh-day Adventists – Dietary practices; Seventh-day Adventists – Rituals; Seventh-day Adventists – Rites of passage; Seventh-day Adventists – Membership; Seventh-day Adventists – Religious tolerance; Seventh-day Adventists – Social justice; Seventh-day Adventists – Social aspects; Seventh-day Adventists – Controversial issues; Seventh-day Adventists – Cultural impact; Seventh-day Adventists – Bibliography; Unitarianism and Universalism – Overview; Unitarianism and Universalism – Sacred books; Unitarianism and Universalism – Sacred symbols; Unitarianism and Universalism – Early and modern leaders; Unitarianism and Universalism – Major theologians and authors; Unitarianism and Universalism – Organizational structure; Unitarianism and Universalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Unitarianism and Universalism – What is sacred?; Unitarianism and Universalism – Holidays and festivals; Unitarianism and Universalism – Mode of dress; Unitarianism and Universalism – Dietary practices; Unitarianism and Universalism – Rites of passage; Unitarianism and Universalism – Membership; Unitarianism and Universalism – Evolution of a Unitarian Martyr; Unitarianism and Universalism – Religious tolerance; Unitarianism and Universalism – Social justice; Unitarianism and Universalism – Social aspects; Unitarianism and Universalism – Controversial issues; Unitarianism and Universalism – Cultural impact; Unitarianism and Universalism – Bibliography; United Church of Christ – Overview; United Church of Christ – Central doctrines; United Church of Christ – Moral code of conduct; United Church of Christ – Sacred books; United Church of Christ – Sacred symbols; United Church of Christ – Early and modern leaders; United Church of Christ – Major theologians and authors; United Church of Christ – Organizational structure; United Church of Christ – Houses of worship and holy places; United Church of Christ – What is sacred?; United Church of Christ – Holidays and festivals; United Church of Christ – Mode of dress; United Church of Christ – Dietary practices; United Church of Christ – Rituals; United Church of Christ – Rites of passage; United Church of Christ – Membership; United Church of Christ – Religious tolerance; United Church of Christ – From the Preamble, UCC Constitution; United Church of Christ – Social justice; United Church of Christ – Social aspects; United Church of Christ – Cultural impact; United Church of Christ – Bibliography; Colombia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Comoros – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Confucianism – Ru; Glossary – De; Glossary – Five Scriptures; Glossary – Four Books; Glossary – Haoxue; Glossary – Jingzuo; Glossary – Li (cosmic ordering principle); Glossary – Li (norms for human interactions); Glossary – Liangzhi; Glossary – Lixue; Glossary – Neisheng waiwang; Glossary – Qi; Glossary – Ren; Glossary – Renzheng; Glossary – Renyu; Glossary – Tao (Dao); Glossary – Three Bonds; Glossary – Tian; Glossary – Tianli; Glossary – Tianming; Glossary – Xin; Glossary – Xing; Glossary – Xinxue; Glossary – Yi; Sacred books; Is Confucianism a Religion?; Organizational structure; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Holidays and festivals; Mode of dress; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social aspects; Costa Rica – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Côte d'Ivoire – Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Croatia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cuba – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cyprus – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin; Eastern Orthodoxy – Number of followers; Eastern Orthodoxy – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rites of passage; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Political impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Czech Republic – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Denmark – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheranism – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheranism – History; Evangelical Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelical Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rituals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheranism – Membership; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheranism – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Djibouti – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Dominica – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Dominican Republic – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • East Timor – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Ecuador – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Egypt – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; El Salvador – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Equatorial Guinea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Eritrea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin; Orthodox Christianity – Number of followers; Orthodox Christianity – History; Orthodox Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Orthodox Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Orthodox Christianity – What is sacred?; Orthodox Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Orthodox Christianity – Mode of dress; Orthodox Christianity – Dietary practices; Orthodox Christianity – Rituals; Orthodox Christianity – Membership; Orthodox Christianity – Social justice; Orthodox Christianity – Social aspects; Orthodox Christianity – Political impact; Orthodox Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Estonia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ethiopia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Membership; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Fiji – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – History; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Other religions; References; Finland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Lutheranism – Date of origin; Lutheranism – Number of followers; Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Lutheranism – Rituals; Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Lutheranism – Membership; Lutheranism – Social justice; Lutheranism – Social aspects; Lutheranism – Political impact; Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; France – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Bibliography;
  • Gabon – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Gambia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Georgia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Georgian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Georgian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Georgian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Georgian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Georgian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Georgian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Georgian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Georgian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Georgian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Georgian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Georgian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Georgian Orthodox Church – Membership; Georgian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Georgian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Georgian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Georgian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Georgian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Germany – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ghana – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Greece – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Greek Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Greek Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Greek Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Greek Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Greek Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Greek Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Greek Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Greek Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Greek Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Greek Orthodox Church – Rituals; Greek Orthodox Church – Membership; Greek Orthodox Church – Social justice; Greek Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Greek Orthodox Church – Political impact; Greek Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Greek Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Grenada – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Guatemala – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Maya spirituality – Date of origin; Maya spirituality – Number of followers; Maya spirituality – History; Maya spirituality – Early and modern leaders; Maya spirituality – Major theologians and authors; Maya spirituality – Houses of worship and holy places; Maya spirituality – What is sacred?; Maya spirituality – Holidays and festivals; Maya spirituality – Mode of dress; Maya spirituality – Dietary practices; Maya spirituality – Rituals; Maya spirituality – Rites of passage; Maya spirituality – Membership; Maya spirituality – Social justice; Maya spirituality – Social aspects; Maya spirituality – Political impact; Maya spirituality – Controversial issues; Maya spirituality – Cultural impact; Evangelicalism – Date of origin; Evangelicalism – Number of followers; Evangelicalism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelicalism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelicalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelicalism – What is sacred?; Evangelicalism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelicalism – Mode of dress; Evangelicalism – Dietary practices; Evangelicalism – Rituals; Evangelicalism – Rites of passage; Evangelicalism – Membership; Evangelicalism – Social justice; Evangelicalism – Social aspects; Evangelicalism – Political impact; Evangelicalism – Controversial issues; Evangelicalism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Guinea – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Guinea-Bissau – Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Other religions; Bibliography; Guyana – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – History; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Haiti – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Vodou – Date of origin; Vodou – Number of followers; Vodou – History; Vodou – Early and modern leaders; Vodou – Major theologians and authors; Vodou – Houses of worship and holy places; Vodou – What is sacred?; Vodou – Holidays and festivals; Vodou – Mode of dress; Vodou – Dietary practices; Vodou – Rituals; Vodou – Rites of passage; Vodou – Membership; Vodou – Social justice; Vodou – Social aspects; Vodou – Political impact; Vodou – Controversial issues; Vodou – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Hinduism – Om; Glossary – Acharya; Glossary – Ashrama; Glossary – Atman; Glossary – Ayurveda; Glossary – Bhagavad Gita; Glossary – Bhakti; Glossary – Brahma; Glossary – Brahman (supreme being); Glossary – Brahman (caste); Glossary – Caste; Glossary – Deva; Glossary – Devi; Glossary – Dharma; Glossary – Dharma Sastra; Glossary – Durga; Glossary – Ganesha; Glossary – Goddess; Glossary – Gotra; Glossary – Guru; Glossary – Jati; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Krishna; Glossary – Kundalini; Glossary – Lakshmi; Glossary – Mahabharata; Glossary – Mandala; Glossary – Mantra; Glossary – Moksha; Glossary – Parvati; Glossary – Puja; Glossary – Purana; Glossary – Ramayana; Glossary – Samadhi; Glossary – Samsara; Glossary – Sanatana dharma; Glossary – Shakti; Glossary – Sanskrit; Glossary – Shiva; Glossary – Smriti; Glossary – Sruti; Glossary – Swami; Glossary – Tamil; Glossary – Tantra; Glossary – Upadesa; Glossary – Upanishad; Glossary – Vaishnava; Glossary – Varna; Glossary – Varna-ashrama dharma; Glossary – Veda; Glossary – Vedanta; Glossary – Vishnu; Glossary – Yoga; Glossary – Yuga; The Tilaka and Religious Affiliation; Women's Contribution to the Hindu Tradition; Membership; Religious tolerance; Shaivism – Central doctrines; Shaivism – Moral code of conduct; Shaivism – Sacred books; Shaivism – Sacred symbols; Shaivism – Major theologians and authors; Shaivism – Organizational structure; Shaivism – Houses of worship and holy places; Shaivism – What is sacred?; Shaivism – Holidays and festivals; Shaivism – Mode of dress; Shaivism – Dietary practices; Shaivism – Rites of passage; Shaivism – Membership; Shaivism – Religious tolerance; Shaivism – Social justice; Shaivism – Social aspects; Shaivism – Controversial issues; Shaivism – Cultural impact; Vaishnavism – Overview; Vaishnavism – Sacred books; Vaishnavism – Sacred symbols; Vaishnavism – Early and modern leaders; Vaishnavism – Major theologians and authors; Vaishnavism – Organizational structure; Vaishnavism – Vaishnava Theology; Vaishnavism – What is sacred?; Vaishnavism – Mode of dress; Vaishnavism – Dietary practices; Vaishnavism – Rituals; Vaishnavism – Rites of passage; Vaishnavism – Membership; Vaishnavism – Religious tolerance; Vaishnavism – Social justice; Vaishnavism – Social aspects; Vaishnavism – Controversial issues; Vaishnavism – Cultural impact; Vaishnavism – Bibliography; Honduras – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Hungary – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Iceland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Membership; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Cultural impact; Bibliography; India – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Indonesia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Introduction – Common elements in religious practice – Celebrations and observances; An invitation to explore; Iran – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Shia Islam – Date of origin; Shia Islam – Number of followers; Shia Islam – Early and modern leaders; Shia Islam – Major theologians and authors; Shia Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Shia Islam – What is sacred?; Shia Islam – Holidays and festivals; Shia Islam – Mode of dress; Shia Islam – Dietary practices; Shia Islam – Rituals; Shia Islam – Membership; Shia Islam – Social justice; Shia Islam – Social aspects; Shia Islam – Political impact; Shia Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Iraq – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ireland – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Islam – Crescent Moon and Star; Glossary – Al-hajj (al-hajji); Glossary – Allah; Glossary – Caliph; Glossary – Dawa; Glossary – Dhimmi; Glossary – Dua; Glossary – Fast of Ramadan; Glossary – Fatwa; Glossary – Five Pillars of Islam; Glossary – Ghusl; Glossary – Hadith; Glossary – Hajj; Glossary – Halal; Glossary – Hijab; Glossary – Hijra (Hegira); Glossary – Imam; Glossary – Islam (submission); Glossary – Jihad; Glossary – Jizya; Glossary – Juma; Glossary – Kaaba; Glossary – Koran (Quran); Glossary – Madrasah; Glossary – Masjid; Glossary – Mihrab; Glossary – Millet; Glossary – Minbar; Glossary – People of the Book; Glossary – Riba; Glossary – Sadaqah; Glossary – Salat; Glossary – Shahadah; Glossary – Shariah; Glossary – Shiite; Glossary – Sufi; Glossary – Sunnah; Glossary – Sunni; Glossary – Surah; Glossary – Tawhid; Glossary – Ulama; Glossary – Ummah; Glossary – Wali; Glossary – Wudu; Glossary – Zakat; Organizational structure; Shiism – Moral code of conduct; Shiism – Sacred books; Shiism – Sacred symbols; Shiism – Early and modern leaders; Shiism – Houses of worship and holy places; Shiism – What is sacred?; Shiism – Mode of dress; Shiism – Dietary practices; Shiism – Rites of passage; Shiism – Membership; Shiism – Religious tolerance; Shiism – Social justice; Shiism – Social aspects; Shiism – Controversial issues; Shiism – Bibliography; Sunnism – Sacred symbols; Sunnism – The Ideal Leader of an Islamic State; Sunnism – Major theologians and authors; Sunnism – Organizational structure; Sunnism – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunnism – What is sacred?; Sunnism – Holidays and festivals; Sunnism – Mode of dress; Sunnism – Dietary practices; Sunnism – Rituals; Sunnism – Membership; Sunnism – Religious tolerance; Sunnism – Social justice; Sunnism – Social aspects; Sunnism – Cultural impact; Sunnism – Bibliography; Israel – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Judaism – Date of origin; Judaism – Number of followers; Judaism – Early and modern leaders; Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Judaism – Houses of worship and holy places; Judaism – What is sacred?; Judaism – Mode of dress; Judaism – Dietary practices; Judaism – Rituals; Judaism – Rites of passage; Judaism – Membership; Judaism – Social justice; Judaism – Social aspects; Judaism – Political impact; Judaism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Italy – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Bibliography;
  • Jainism – Universal Jain Symbol; Sacred symbols; Mode of dress; Rites of passage; Glossary – Acharya; Glossary – Ahimsa; Glossary – Anekant; Glossary – Aryika; Glossary – Brahmacarya; Glossary – Dashalakshanaparvan; Glossary – Digambara; Glossary – Diksha; Glossary – Jina; Glossary – Jiva; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Mahavira Jayanti; Glossary – Moksha; Glossary – Muhapatti; Glossary – Muni; Glossary – Murtipujak; Glossary – Namaskar Mantra; Glossary – Nigoda; Glossary – Paryushan; Glossary – Puja; Glossary – Purvas; Glossary – Sallekhana; Glossary – Samsara; Glossary – Sati; Glossary – Shvetambara; Glossary – Sthanakwasi; Glossary – Svastika; Glossary – Tap (Tapas; Tapasya); Glossary – Tattva; Glossary – Tattvartha Sutra; Glossary – Terapanthi; Glossary – Three jewels; Membership; Social aspects; Jamaica – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Pentecostalism – Date of origin; Pentecostalism – Number of followers; Pentecostalism – Early and modern leaders; Pentecostalism – Major theologians and authors; Pentecostalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Pentecostalism – What is sacred?; Pentecostalism – Holidays and festivals; Pentecostalism – Mode of dress; Pentecostalism – Dietary practices; Pentecostalism – Rituals; Pentecostalism – Rites of passage; Pentecostalism – Membership; Pentecostalism – Social justice; Pentecostalism – Social aspects; Pentecostalism – Political impact; Pentecostalism – Controversial issues; Pentecostalism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Japan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Shinto – Date of origin; Shinto – Number of followers; Shinto – Early and modern leaders; Shinto – Major theologians and authors; Shinto – Houses of worship and holy places; Shinto – What is sacred?; Shinto – Holidays and festivals; Shinto – Mode of dress; Shinto – Dietary practices; Shinto – Rituals; Shinto – Rites of passage; Shinto – Membership; Shinto – Social justice; Shinto – Social aspects; Shinto – Political impact; Shinto – Controversial issues; Shinto – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rituals; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Jordan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Judaism – The Menorah; Glossary – Aggadah; Glossary – Ashkenazim; Glossary – Bar mitzvah (son of commandment); Glossary – Brit Milah; Glossary – Conservative Judaism; Glossary – Diaspora; Glossary – Haggadah; Glossary – Halakhah; Glossary – Hasidism; Glossary – Kabbalah; Glossary – Kasruth; Glossary – Midrash; Glossary – Mishnah; Glossary – Orthodox Judaism; Glossary – Passover (Pesach); Glossary – Prophets (Nevi'im); Glossary – Reconstructionist Judaism; Glossary – Reform Judaism; Glossary – Rosh Hashanah; Glossary – Sanhedrin; Glossary – Sephardim; Glossary – Shabuoth (Feast of Weeks); Glossary – Talmud; Glossary – Tanakh; Glossary – Torah (Pentateuch; Law); Glossary – Writings (Ketuvim; Hagiographa); Glossary – Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement); Contemporary Midrash; Two Israeli Holidays; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Religious tolerance; Social aspects; Conservative Judaism – Overview; Conservative Judaism – Moral code of conduct; Conservative Judaism – Sacred books; Conservative Judaism – Sacred symbols; Conservative Judaism – Early and modern leaders; Conservative Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Conservative Judaism – Organizational structure; Conservative Judaism – Holidays and festivals; Conservative Judaism – Mode of dress; Conservative Judaism – Dietary practices; Conservative Judaism – Rituals; Conservative Judaism – Rites of passage; Conservative Judaism – The Masorti Movement in Israel; Conservative Judaism – Membership; Conservative Judaism – Religious tolerance; Conservative Judaism – Social justice; Conservative Judaism – Social aspects; Conservative Judaism – Cultural impact; Conservative Judaism – Bibliography; Orthodox Judaism – Overview; Orthodox Judaism – Central doctrines; Orthodox Judaism – Moral code of conduct; Orthodox Judaism – Sacred books; Orthodox Judaism – Sacred symbols; Orthodox Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Orthodox Judaism – Organizational structure; Orthodox Judaism – Houses of worship and holy places; Orthodox Judaism – What is sacred?; Orthodox Judaism – Holidays and festivals; Orthodox Judaism – Mode of dress; Orthodox Judaism – Dietary practices; Orthodox Judaism – Rituals; Orthodox Judaism – Thirteen Principles of Belief; Orthodox Judaism – Rites of passage; Orthodox Judaism – Membership; Orthodox Judaism – Religious tolerance; Orthodox Judaism – Social justice; Orthodox Judaism – Social aspects; Orthodox Judaism – Controversial issues; Orthodox Judaism – Cultural impact; Orthodox Judaism – Bibliography; Reform Judaism – Overview; Reform Judaism – Central doctrines; Reform Judaism – Moral code of conduct; Reform Judaism – Sacred books; Reform Judaism – Sacred symbols; Reform Judaism – Early and modern leaders; Reform Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Reform Judaism – Organizational structure; Reform Judaism – Houses of worship and holy places; Reform Judaism – What is sacred?; Reform Judaism – Holidays and festivals; Reform Judaism – Mode of dress; Reform Judaism – Dietary practices; Reform Judaism – Rituals; Reform Judaism – Rites of passage; Reform Judaism – Membership; Reform Judaism – Religious tolerance; Reform Judaism – Social justice; Reform Judaism – Social aspects; Reform Judaism – Cultural impact; Reform Judaism – Bibliography;
  • Kazakhstan – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin; Eastern Orthodoxy – Number of followers; Eastern Orthodoxy – History; Eastern Orthodoxy – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rites of passage; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Political impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Kenya – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Kiribati – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Kiribati Protestant Church – Date of origin; Kiribati Protestant Church – Number of followers; Kiribati Protestant Church – Early and modern leaders; Kiribati Protestant Church – Major theologians and authors; Kiribati Protestant Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Kiribati Protestant Church – What is sacred?; Kiribati Protestant Church – Holidays and festivals; Kiribati Protestant Church – Mode of dress; Kiribati Protestant Church – Dietary practices; Kiribati Protestant Church – Rituals; Kiribati Protestant Church – Rites of passage; Kiribati Protestant Church – Membership; Kiribati Protestant Church – Social justice; Kiribati Protestant Church – Social aspects; Kiribati Protestant Church – Political impact; Kiribati Protestant Church – Controversial issues; Kiribati Protestant Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Kuwait – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Bibliography; Kyrgyzstan – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Laos – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Latvia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheranism – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelical Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rituals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheranism – Membership; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheranism – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Lebanon – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Lesotho – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Liberia – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – History; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Libya – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Liechtenstein – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Lithuania – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Luxembourg – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Macedonia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Macedonian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Membership; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Madagascar – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Traditional religion – Date of origin; Traditional religion – Number of followers; Traditional religion – History; Traditional religion – Early and modern leaders; Traditional religion – Major theologians and authors; Traditional religion – Houses of worship and holy places; Traditional religion – What is sacred?; Traditional religion – Mode of dress; Traditional religion – Dietary practices; Traditional religion – Rituals; Traditional religion – Rites of passage; Traditional religion – Membership; Traditional religion – Social justice; Traditional religion – Social aspects; Traditional religion – Political impact; Traditional religion – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Malawi – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Malaysia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Maldives – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mali – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Malta – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Marshall Islands – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mauritania – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mauritius – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – History; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Mexico – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Micronesia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Moldova – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Moldavian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Membership; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography*; Monaco – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mongolia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin; Tibetan Buddhism – Number of followers; Tibetan Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Tibetan Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Tibetan Buddhism – What is sacred?; Tibetan Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Tibetan Buddhism – Mode of dress; Tibetan Buddhism – Dietary practices; Tibetan Buddhism – Rituals; Tibetan Buddhism – Rites of passage; Tibetan Buddhism – Membership; Tibetan Buddhism – Social justice; Tibetan Buddhism – Social aspects; Tibetan Buddhism – Political impact; Tibetan Buddhism – Controversial issues; Tibetan Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Morocco – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mozambique – Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Myanmar – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Namibia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Nauru – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Nepal – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – History; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rituals; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Netherlands – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; New Zealand – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Nicaragua – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Niger – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Nigeria – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; North Korea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Juche – Date of origin; Juche – Number of followers; Juche – Early and modern leaders; Juche – Major theologians and authors; Juche – Houses of worship and holy places; Juche – Holidays and festivals; Juche – Mode of dress; Juche – Dietary practices; Juche – Rituals; Juche – Rites of passage; Juche – Membership; Juche – Social justice; Juche – Social aspects; Juche – Political impact; Juche – Controversial issues; Juche – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Norway – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheranism – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelical Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rituals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheranism – Membership; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheranism – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Oman – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Ibadi Islam – Date of origin; Ibadi Islam – Number of followers; Ibadi Islam – Early and modern leaders; Ibadi Islam – What is sacred?; Ibadi Islam – Holidays and festivals; Ibadi Islam – Mode of dress; Ibadi Islam – Rituals; Ibadi Islam – Rites of passage; Ibadi Islam – Membership; Ibadi Islam – Social justice; Ibadi Islam – Political impact; Ibadi Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Pakistan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Palau – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Panama – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Papua New Guinea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Paraguay – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Peru – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Philippines – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Poland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Portugal – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Qatar – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Republic of the Congo – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional religions – Date of origin; African traditional religions – Number of followers; African traditional religions – Early and modern leaders; African traditional religions – Major theologians and authors; African traditional religions – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional religions – What is sacred?; African traditional religions – Holidays and festivals; African traditional religions – Mode of dress; African traditional religions – Dietary practices; African traditional religions – Rituals; African traditional religions – Membership; African traditional religions – Social justice; African traditional religions – Social aspects; African traditional religions – Political impact; African traditional religions – Controversial issues; African traditional religions – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Romania – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Romanian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Romanian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Romanian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Romanian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Romanian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Romanian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Romanian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Romanian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Romanian Orthodox Church – Membership; Romanian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Romanian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Romanian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Romanian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Russia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Russian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Russian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Russian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Russian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Russian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Russian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Russian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Russian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Russian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Russian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Russian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Russian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Russian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Russian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Russian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Russian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Rwanda – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism – Date of origin; Anglicanism – Number of followers; Anglicanism – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism – What is sacred?; Anglicanism – Holidays and festivals; Anglicanism – Mode of dress; Anglicanism – Dietary practices; Anglicanism – Rituals; Anglicanism – Rites of passage; Anglicanism – Membership; Anglicanism – Social justice; Anglicanism – Social aspects; Anglicanism – Political impact; Anglicanism – Controversial issues; Anglicanism – Cultural impact; Methodism – Date of origin; Methodism – Number of followers; Methodism – History; Methodism – Early and modern leaders; Methodism – Major theologians and authors; Methodism – Houses of worship and holy places; Methodism – What is sacred?; Methodism – Holidays and festivals; Methodism – Mode of dress; Methodism – Dietary practices; Methodism – Rituals; Methodism – Rites of passage; Methodism – Membership; Methodism – Social justice; Methodism – Social aspects; Methodism – Political impact; Methodism – Controversial issues; Methodism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Saint Lucia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism – Date of origin; Anglicanism – Number of followers; Anglicanism – History; Anglicanism – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism – What is sacred?; Anglicanism – Mode of dress; Anglicanism – Dietary practices; Anglicanism – Rituals; Anglicanism – Rites of passage; Anglicanism – Membership; Anglicanism – Social justice; Anglicanism – Social aspects; Anglicanism – Political impact; Anglicanism – Controversial issues; Anglicanism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Samoa – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Date of origin; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Number of followers; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Early and modern leaders; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Major theologians and authors; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Houses of worship and holy places; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – What is sacred?; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Holidays and festivals; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Mode of dress; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Dietary practices; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Rituals; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Rites of passage; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Membership; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Social justice; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Social aspects; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Political impact; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Controversial issues; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Cultural impact; Bibliography; San Marino – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; São Tomé and Príncipe – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Saudi Arabia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Other religions; Bibliography; Senegal – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Serbia and Montenegro – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Serbian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Serbian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Serbian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Serbian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Serbian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Serbian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Serbian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Serbian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Serbian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Serbian Orthodox Church – Membership; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Serbian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Serbian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Seychelles – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Shinto – Overview; Torii; Glossary – Amaterasu; Glossary – Arahitogami; Glossary – Fukko Shintō; Glossary – Gon-gūji; Glossary – Goryō; Glossary – Gūji; Glossary – Hachiman; Glossary – Harae; Glossary – Himorogi; Glossary – Hitogami; Glossary – Honji-suijaku; Glossary – Iwasaka; Glossary – Kagura; Glossary – Kami; Glossary – Kannushi; Glossary – Kegare; Glossary – Ki; Glossary – Kokugaku; Glossary – Kojiki; Glossary – Kokoro; Glossary – Man'yōshū; Glossary – Marebito; Glossary – Matsuri; Glossary – Miko; Glossary – Nihon shoki; Glossary – Negi; Glossary – Norito; Glossary – Oni; Glossary – Ubasoku (Hijiri); Glossary – Yuitsu genpon sōgen shintō; Glossary – Shinjin goitsu; Glossary – Shintai; Glossary – Torii; Central doctrines; Sacred books; Sacred symbols; What Is a Kami?; Is Shinto a Religion?; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social justice; Social aspects; Controversial issues; Cultural impact; Sierra Leone – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; African traditional religion – Date of origin; African traditional religion – Number of followers; African traditional religion – History; African traditional religion – Early and modern leaders; African traditional religion – Major theologians and authors; African traditional religion – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional religion – What is sacred?; African traditional religion – Holidays and festivals; African traditional religion – Mode of dress; African traditional religion – Dietary practices; African traditional religion – Rituals; African traditional religion – Membership; African traditional religion – Social justice; African traditional religion – Social aspects; African traditional religion – Political impact; African traditional religion – Controversial issues; African traditional religion – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Sikhism – Khanda; Glossary – Adi Granth; Glossary – Akal Purakh; Glossary – Amrit; Glossary – Dan; Glossary – Granthi; Glossary – Gurdwara; Glossary – Gurmukh; Glossary – Guru; Glossary – Guru Granth (Guru Granth Sahib); Glossary – Guru Panth; Glossary – Hukam; Glossary – Ishnan; Glossary – Janam-sakhi; Glossary – Karah prashad; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Katha; Glossary – Kaur; Glossary – Khalsa; Glossary – Kirpan; Glossary – Kirtan; Glossary – Langar; Glossary – Nam; Glossary – Panth; Glossary – Pati; Glossary – Rahit; Glossary – Sangat; Glossary – Sansar; Glossary – Shabad; Glossary – Sikh; Glossary – Sikh Panth; Glossary – Sikh Rahit Maryada; Glossary – Singh; Glossary – Vak; The Adi Granth; Sacred symbols; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Holidays and festivals; Dietary practices; Rituals; Membership; Singapore – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – History; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rituals; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Slovakia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Slovenia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Solomon Islands – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Somalia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; South Africa – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; South Korea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Spain – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Sri Lanka – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rituals; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Sudan – Country overview – Religious tolerance Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Suriname – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Swaziland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Swazi traditional religion – Date of origin; Swazi traditional religion – Number of followers; Swazi traditional religion – Early and modern leaders; Swazi traditional religion – Major theologians and authors; Swazi traditional religion – What is sacred?; Swazi traditional religion – Mode of dress; Swazi traditional religion – Dietary practices; Swazi traditional religion – Rituals; Swazi traditional religion – Membership; Swazi traditional religion – Social justice; Swazi traditional religion – Social aspects; Swazi traditional religion – Political impact; Swazi traditional religion – Controversial issues; Swazi traditional religion – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Sweden – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Church of Sweden – Date of origin; Church of Sweden – Number of followers; Church of Sweden – History; Church of Sweden – Early and modern leaders; Church of Sweden – Major theologians and authors; Church of Sweden – Houses of worship and holy places; Church of Sweden – What is sacred?; Church of Sweden – Holidays and festivals; Church of Sweden – Mode of dress; Church of Sweden – Dietary practices; Church of Sweden – Rituals; Church of Sweden – Rites of passage; Church of Sweden – Membership; Church of Sweden – Social justice; Church of Sweden – Social aspects; Church of Sweden – Political impact; Church of Sweden – Controversial issues; Church of Sweden – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Switzerland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Syria – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Taiwan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Chinese religion – Date of origin; Chinese religion – Number of followers; Chinese religion – Early and modern leaders; Chinese religion – Major theologians and authors; Chinese religion – Houses of worship and holy places; Chinese religion – What is sacred?; Chinese religion – Mode of dress; Chinese religion – Dietary practices; Chinese religion – Rituals; Chinese religion – Rites of passage; Chinese religion – Membership; Chinese religion – Social justice; Chinese religion – Social aspects; Chinese religion – Political impact; Chinese religion – Controversial issues; Chinese religion – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tajikistan – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Tanzania – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Taoism – Yin yang; Glossary – "Celestial Masters" tradition (T'ien-shih); Glossary – Chen; Glossary – Chen-jen; Glossary – Cheng-i; Glossary – Ch'i; Glossary – Chiao; Glossary – Chai; Glossary – Ch'i-kung (Qigong); Glossary – Chin dynasty; Glossary – Chin-tan; Glossary – Ch'ing dynasty; Glossary – Ching; Glossary – Ching-ming; Glossary – Ch'ing-wei; Glossary – Ch'uan-ch'i; Glossary – Chuang-tzu; Glossary – Ch'üan-chen; Glossary – Classical China; Glossary – "Dragon Gate" tradition (Lung-men); Glossary – Han dynasty; Glossary – Hsiang-erh; Glossary – Hsin; Glossary – Hsing; Glossary – Hsiu chen; Glossary – Hsiu-lien; Glossary – Hsiu tao; Glossary – Inner Alchemy; Glossary – Jurchen; Glossary – Kuan; Glossary – Lao-tzu; Glossary – Legalism; Glossary – Libationers; Glossary – Lien-shih; Glossary – Linbg-pao; Glossary – Meng-wei; Glossary – Ming; Glossary – Ming dynasty; Glossary – Mongols; Glossary – Nei-tan; Glossary – Nei-yeh; Glossary – Neo-Confucianism; Glossary – Northern Sung dynasty; Glossary – “Northern Taoism”; Glossary – Shan; Glossary – Shang-ch'ing; Glossary – Shen; Glossary – Shen-hsien; Glossary – “Southern Taoism”; Glossary – Sung dynasty; Glossary – T'ai-ch'ing; Glossary – T'ai-p'ing ching; Glossary – T'ai-p'ing; Glossary – T'ang dynasty; Glossary – Tao; Glossary – Tao-chiao; Glossary – Taoism; Glossary – Tao-shih; Glossary – Tao te ching; Glossary – Tao-tsang; Glossary – T'ien-shih; Glossary – Wai-tan; Glossary – Wu-wei; Sacred books; Sacred symbols; Early and modern leaders; Major theologians and authors; Organizational structure; “Northern Taoism” and “Southern Taoism”; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Holidays and festivals; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rituals; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social justice; Social aspects; Controversial issues; Cultural impact; Bibliography; Thailand – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Togo – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Vodun – Number of followers; Vodun – History; Vodun – Early and modern leaders; Vodun – Major theologians and authors; Vodun – Houses of worship and holy places; Vodun – What is sacred?; Vodun – Holidays and festivals; Vodun – Mode of dress; Vodun – Dietary practices; Vodun – Rituals; Vodun – Rites of passage; Vodun – Membership; Vodun – Social justice; Vodun – Social aspects; Vodun – Political impact; Vodun – Controversial issues; Vodun – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tonga – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Free Wesleyan Church – Date of origin; Free Wesleyan Church – Number of followers; Free Wesleyan Church – Early and modern leaders; Free Wesleyan Church – Major theologians and authors; Free Wesleyan Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Free Wesleyan Church – What is sacred?; Free Wesleyan Church – Holidays and festivals; Free Wesleyan Church – Mode of dress; Free Wesleyan Church – Dietary practices; Free Wesleyan Church – Rituals; Free Wesleyan Church – Rites of passage; Free Wesleyan Church – Membership; Free Wesleyan Church – Social justice; Free Wesleyan Church – Social aspects; Free Wesleyan Church – Political impact; Free Wesleyan Church – Controversial issues; Free Wesleyan Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Trinidad and Tobago – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tunisia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Turkey – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Turkmenistan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tuvalu – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Tuvalu Christian Church – Date of origin; Tuvalu Christian Church – Number of followers; Tuvalu Christian Church – Early and modern leaders; Tuvalu Christian Church – Major theologians and authors; Tuvalu Christian Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Tuvalu Christian Church – What is sacred?; Tuvalu Christian Church – Holidays and festivals; Tuvalu Christian Church – Mode of dress; Tuvalu Christian Church – Dietary practices; Tuvalu Christian Church – Rituals; Tuvalu Christian Church – Rites of passage; Tuvalu Christian Church – Membership; Tuvalu Christian Church – Social justice; Tuvalu Christian Church – Political impact; Tuvalu Christian Church – Controversial issues; Tuvalu Christian Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Uganda – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ukraine – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin; Eastern Orthodoxy – Number of followers; Eastern Orthodoxy – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rites of passage; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Bibliography; United Arab Emirates – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; United Kingdom – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Church of England – Date of origin; Church of England – Number of followers; Church of England – Early and modern leaders; Church of England – Major theologians and authors; Church of England – What is sacred?; Church of England – Holidays and festivals; Church of England – Mode of dress; Church of England – Dietary practices; Church of England – Rites of passage; Church of England – Membership; Church of England – Social justice; Church of England – Social aspects; Church of England – Political impact; Church of England – Controversial issues; Church of England – Cultural impact; Bibliography; United States of America – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Native American religions – Date of origin; Native American religions – Number of followers; Native American religions – Early and modern leaders; Native American religions – Major theologians and authors; Native American religions – Houses of worship and holy places; Native American religions – What is sacred?; Native American religions – Holidays and festivals; Native American religions – Mode of dress; Native American religions – Dietary practices; Native American religions – Rituals; Native American religions – Rites of passage; Native American religions – Membership; Native American religions – Social justice; Native American religions – Social aspects; Native American religions – Political impact; Native American religions – Controversial issues; Native American religions – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Uruguay – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Uzbekistan – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Vanuatu – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Vatican City – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Venezuela – Country overview; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Vietnam – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Mahayana Buddhism – Date of origin; Mahayana Buddhism – Number of followers; Mahayana Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Mahayana Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Mahayana Buddhism – What is sacred?; Mahayana Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Mahayana Buddhism – Mode of dress; Mahayana Buddhism – Dietary practices; Mahayana Buddhism – Rituals; Mahayana Buddhism – Rites of passage; Mahayana Buddhism – Membership; Mahayana Buddhism – Social justice; Mahayana Buddhism – Social aspects; Mahayana Buddhism – Political impact; Mahayana Buddhism – Controversial issues; Mahayana Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Yemen – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Zambia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Zimbabwe – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues*; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Zoroastrianism – Overview; The Guardian Spirit; Glossary – Achaemenian dynasty; Glossary – Afrinagan; Glossary – Ahura Mazda; Glossary – Amesha Spentas; Glossary – Angra Mainyu; Glossary – Asha; Glossary – Atashkadeh; Glossary – Avestan; Glossary – Barashnum; Glossary – Daeva; Glossary – Dakhma; Glossary – Dar-i Mihr; Glossary – Dastur; Glossary – Fasli; Glossary – Frashkard; Glossary – Gathic; Glossary – Getig; Glossary – Gahambar; Glossary – Gāthā; Glossary – Haoma; Glossary – Jashan; Glossary – Kusti; Glossary – Magi; Glossary – Pahlavi; Glossary – Parahom; Glossary – Parsi; Glossary – Qadimi; Glossary – Raspi; Glossary – Sadre; Glossary – Sasanian dynasty; Glossary – Spenta Mainyu; Glossary – Yasht; Glossary – Yasna; Glossary – Yazata; Glossary – Zaotar; Glossary – Zardushti; Glossary – Zoroaster; Glossary – Zoroastrianism; Glossary – Zot; Sacred symbols; The Impact of Zoroastrianism on Major Religions; Organizational structure; What is sacred?; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; The Diminishing Population of Zoroastrians; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social aspects;

Subarticles edit

  • Introduction – Common elements in religious practice***; Geographic variations in religious practice*; Trends in contemporary religion**; An invitation to explore*;
    • Introduction – Common elements in religious practice – Rituals**; Celebrations and observances*; Scripture**; Theology**; Ethics**; Observance and explanation of death**;
  • Afghanistan – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 99%);
    • Afghanistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Afghanistan – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • African traditional religions – Overview**; History**; Gye Nyame*; Central doctrines***; Glossary**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred Kingship*; Sacred books**; Early and modern leaders**; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What Is Sacred**; Holidays/Festivals**; Racism in the Early Study of African Religions*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • African traditional religions – Glossary – Abaluhya*; Babalawo*; Baganda*; Bambara*; Bantu*; Ba Kongo*; Ba Thonga*; Cosmogony*; Cosmology*; Dagara*; Divination*; Edo*; Fang*; Fon*; Ifa*; Igbo*; Kaguru*; Lupupa*; Manyika*; Masai*; Mwari*; Odu*; Olódùmarè*; Opele*; Orisa*; Yoruba*; Zulu*;
  • Albania – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 60-80%; Orthodox Christian – 15-20%; Roman Catholic 10-15%; Other – <5%);
    • Albania – Country overview - Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Albania – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Algeria – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 97%; Christian and Jewish – 1%; Atheist – 2%);
    • Algeria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Algeria – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Andorra – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 60%; Nonreligious and other – 40%;)
    • Andorra – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Andorra – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Angola – Country overview**; African indigenous beliefs***; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*;
    • Angola – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*; (African indigenous beliefs – 47%; Roman Catholicism – 38%; Protestant – 15%);
    • Angola – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Angola – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Antigua and Barbuda – Country overview**; Anglicanism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 45%; Moravian – 12%; Methodist – 9.1%; Seventh-day Adventist – 8.8%; Roman Catholic – 8%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 1.45%; Rastafarian – 0.8%; Other – 14.85%);
    • Antigua and Barbuda – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Antigua and Barbuda – Anglicanism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Argentina – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 88%; Protestant – 7%; Muslim – 2%; Jewish – 1.5%; Other or nonaffiliated – 1.5%);
    • Argentina – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Argentina – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Armenia – Country overview**; Armenian Apostolic Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Armenian Apostolic – 94%; Other Christian – 4%; Other – 2%);
    • Armenia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Armenia – Armenian Apostolic Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Australia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 26.7%; Anglican – 20.7%; Uniting Church in Australia – 6.7%; Presbyterian – 3.4%; Other Christian – 8.5%; Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish – 4.4%; Other – 29.6%);
    • Australia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Australia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**;
  • Austria – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 73.6%; Protestant – 4.7%; Muslim – 4.2%; Jewish – 0.1%; Nonreligious – 12%; Not indicated – 2%; Other – 3.4%);
    • Austria – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Austria – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Azerbaijan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 86%; Other – 14%);
    • Azerbaijan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Azerbaijan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bahá'í Faith – Overview**; Nine-pointed star*; History***; Central doctrines***; Glossary**; Racism and Racial Prejudice: A Passage from the Administrative Texts*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Bahaullah, the founder of the Bahá'í faith, on How to Live One's Life*; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What Is Sacred*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography*;
    • Bahá'í Faith – Glossary – Babi*; Baha*; Hand of the Cause of God*; Huququllah*; Manifestation of God*; Nineteen Day Feast*; Qiblih*; Universal House of Justice*; Ya Baha ul-abha*;
  • The Bahamas – Country overview**; Baptist churches***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Baptist – 35.4%; Anglican – 15.2%; Roman Catholic – 13.5%; Pentecostal – 12.9%; Methodist – 4.3%; Seventh-day Adventist – 3.6%; No religious affiliation – 2.9%; Other – 12.2%);
    • The Bahamas – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • The Bahamas – Baptist churches – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bahrain – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*;
    • Bahrain – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bahrain – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bangladesh – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 88%; Hindu – 10%; Other – 2%);
    • Bangladesh – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bangladesh – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Barbados – Country overview**; Anglican church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 33%; Pentecostal – 12.7%; Methodist – 5.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.5%; Roman Catholic – 4.4%; Other – 16.7%; Not stated – 22.8%);
    • Barbados – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Barbados – Anglican Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Belarus – Country overview**; Belarusan Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 33%; Pentecostal – 12.7%; Methodist – 5.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.5%; Roman Catholic – 4.4%; Other – 16.7%; Not stated – 22.8%);
    • Belarus – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Belarus – Belarusan Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Belgium – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 85.6%; Muslim – 3%; Anglican and Other Protestant – 1.7%; Orthodox Christian – 0.3%; Jewish – 0.1%; Nonaffiliated and other – 9.3%);
    • Belgium – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Belgium – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Belize – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Protestantism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 49.6%; Protestantism – 27.0%; Other – 14.0%; Nonreligious – 9.4%);
    • Belize – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Belize – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Belize – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Benin – Country overview**; Vodun***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Vodun – 57%; Roman Catholic – 21%; Muslim – 15%; Protestant – 4%; Independent – 3%);
    • Benin – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Benin – Vodun – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bhutan – Country overview**; Tibetan Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Nyingmapa Buddhist – 45%; Drukpa Kagyudpa Buddhist – 40%; Hindu – 14%; Other – 1%);
    • Bhutan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bhutan – Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Bolivia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 79.3%; Protestant – 10.1%; Nonreligious – 9.4%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Bolivia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bolivia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Serbian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 40%; Orthodox Christian – 31%; Roman Catholic – 15%; Protestant – 4%; Other – 10%);
    • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Botswana – Country overview**; African indigenous religions***; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (African indigenous beliefs – 65%; Christian – 34.18%; Other – 0.82%);
    • Botswana – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Botswana – African indigenous religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Botswana – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Brazil – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions***; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 75.0%; Historical Protestant – 12.5%; Pentecostal and Neo-Pentecostal – 7.0%; Spirit – 3.0%; Afro-Brazilian – 1.5%; Shinto, Buddhist, Jewish, indigenous – 1.0%);
    • Brazil – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Brazil – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Brunei – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*;
    • Brunei – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Brunei – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Buddhism – Overview**; Wheel of the Dharma*; History***; Central doctrines***; Glossary**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; The Practice of Deity Yoga*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Temporary Ordination*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Mahayana Buddhism***; Theravada Buddhism***; Tibetan Buddhism***;
    • Buddhism – Glossary – Anagarika*; Arhat*; Bhikkhu*; Bhikkhuni*; Bodhi*; Bodhisattva*; Ch'an (Zen)*; Dana*; Deva*; Dharma (Dhamma)*; Duhkha (Dukkha)*; Eightfold Path (Magga; Marga)*; Four Noble Truths*; Karma*; Mahayana Buddhism (Northern Buddhism)*; Nirvana*; Pancha sila*; Prajna*; Puja*; Samsara*; Samudaya*; Sangha*; Shramana*; Sila*; 10 Paramitas*; Theravada Buddhism (Southern Buddhism)*; Three Refuges (Triple Gem)*; Tripitaka (Tipitaka)*; Upaya*; Vajrayana (Tantra)*; Wheel of the Dharma*;
    • Buddhism – Mahayana Buddhism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; The Bodhisattva*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Buddhism – Theravada Buddhism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines***; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography**;
    • Buddhism – Tibetan Buddhism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Exorcisms*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Bulgaria – Country overview**; Orthodox Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox – 82.6%; Muslim – 12.2%; Roman Catholic – 0.6%; Protestant – 0.5%; Other – 4.1%);
    • Bulgaria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bulgaria – Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Burkina Faso – Country overview**; Islam***; Traditional beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 55%; Traditional – 24%; Roman Catholic – 17%; Protestant – 3%; Other – 1%);
    • Burkina Faso – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Burkina Faso – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Burkina Faso – Traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Burundi – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 62%; African indigenous beliefs – 23%; Protestant – 13%; Muslim – 2%);
    • Burundi – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Burundi – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cambodia – Country overview*; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Theravada Buddhism – 89%; Mahayana Buddhism – 5%; Muslim – 3%; Other – 3%);
    • Cambodia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cambodia – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cameroon – Country overview**; Christianity***; African indigenous beliefs***; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 34.7%; African indigenous beliefs – 26%; Muslim – 21.8%; Protestant – 17.5);
    • Cameroon – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cameroon – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Cameroon – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Cameroon – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Canada – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other Christian denominations***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 45.7%; Protestant – 36.2%; Other – 5.6%; No preference – 12.5%);
    • Canada – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance**;
    • Canada – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Canada – Other Christian denominations – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cape Verde – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 95%; Protestant – 5%);
    • Cape Verde – Country overview**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cape Verde – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Central African Republic – Country overview*; Christianity***; African indigenous beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 50%; Traditional – 25%; Muslim – 15%; Other – 10%);
    • Central African Republic – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Central African Republic – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Central African Republic – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Chad – Country overview**; Islam***; African indigenous beliefs***; Christianity**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 90%; African indigenous beliefs – 30%; Christianity – 29.9%; Other (Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i) – 0.1%);
    • Chad – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Chad – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Chad – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Chad – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Chile – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 77%; Evangelical Protestant – 12%; Other Protestant – 1%; Atheist/nonreligious – 6%; Other – 4%);
    • Chile – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Chile – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • China – Country overview**; Chinese popular religions***; Buddhism***; Christianity***; Other religions***; Bibliography**; (Chinese popular religionist – 29.2%; Buddhist – 8%; Atheist – 8.1%; Christian – 6.5%; Tribal religionist – 4.3%; Muslim – 1.7%; Nonreligionist – 42.1%; Other – <0.1%);
    • China – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • China – Chinese popular religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • China – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • China – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Christianity – Overview**; Cross*; History***; Central doctrines***; Moral code of conduct***; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Glossary**; Cultural impact***; African Initiated Churches**; Christianity and Feminism**; Bibliography**; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism)***; Baptist tradition***; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints***; Coptic Christianity***; Eastern Christianity***; Eastern Orthodoxy***; Evangelicalism***; Jehovah's Witnesses***; Lutheranism***; Methodism***; Pentecostalism***; Protestantism***; Reformed Christianity***; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)***; Roman Catholicism***; Seventh-day Adventists***; Unitarianism and Universalism***; United Church of Christ***;
    • Christianity – Glossary – Advent*; Anglicanism*; Apocrypha*; Atonement*; Baptism*; Casuistry*; Catechesis*; Charismatics*; Chrismation*; Conciliar*; Confirmation*; Congregationalism*; Epiphany*; Eschatology*; Eucharist (Communion; Lord's Supper)*; Evangelicalism*; Extreme unction*; Grace*; Lent*; Matrimony*; Messiah*; Ordination*; Orthodoxy*; Pentecost*; Pentecostalism*; Petrine primacy*; Presbyterianism*; Protestantism*; Reconciliation*; Roman Catholicism*; Sacrament*; Sacramental*; Salvation*; Trinity*; Uniate*;
    • Christianity – Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; The Controversy over a Gay Bishop*; Bibliography**;
    • Christianity – Baptist tradition – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Diversity among Baptists*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; The Latter-day Saint movement*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Coptic Christianity – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; Coptic Monastic Life and Church Renewal*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Eastern Christianity – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Eastern Orthodoxy – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Icons*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Evangelicalism – Overview*; History*; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Explosive Growth*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Jehovah's Witnesses – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; The Slave Class*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Lutheranism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; The Small Catechism*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Methodism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; The Name "Methodist"*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Pentecostalism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Numbers of Pentecostal Groups*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Protestantism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Priesthood of All Believers*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Reformed Christianity – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; The Word of God*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Quotes from George Fox, Founder of the Quakers*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Roman Catholicism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; The Second Vatican Council*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Seventh-day Adventists – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Seventh-day Adventist: What's in a Name?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Unitarianism and Universalism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Evolution of a Unitarian Martyr*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – United Church of Christ – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; From the Preamble, UCC Constitution*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Colombia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 81%; Other Christian – 10%; Evangelical – 3.5%; Other – 3.6%; Nonreligious – 1.9%);
    • Colombia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Colombia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Comoros – Country overview*; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 98%; Other – 2%);
    • Comoros – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Comoros – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Confucianism – Overview**; History***; Ru*; Glossary**; Central doctrines***; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders***; Is Confucianism a Religion?*; Major theologians and authors***; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Confucian Civil Religion**; Bibliography**;
    • Confucianism – Glossary – De*; Five Scriptures*; Four Books*; Haoxue*; Jingzuo*; Li (cosmic ordering principle)*; Li (norms for human interactions)*; Liangzhi*; Lixue*; Neisheng waiwang*; Qi*; Ren*; Renzheng*; Renyu*; Tao (Dao)*; Three Bonds*; Tian*; Tianli*; Tianming*; Xin*; Xing*; Xinxue*; Yi*;
  • Costa Rica – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 70.1%; Protestant – 18%; Other religions – 1.8%; Nonreligious – 10.1%);
    • Costa Rica – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Costa Rica – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Côte d'Ivoire – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; African indigenous beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 38.5%; African indigenous – 31.5%; Roman Catholic – 19.5%; Protestant – 6%; Harrist – 1.5%; Other Christian – 3.0%);
    • Côte d'Ivoire – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Côte d'Ivoire – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Côte d'Ivoire – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Croatia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 87.83%; Eastern Orthodox – 4.42%; Other Christian – 0.58%; Other – 1.4%; Agnostic, undeclared, not religious, or unknown – 5.77%);
    • Croatia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Croatia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cuba – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 47%; Protestant – 4%; Santeria (Afro-Cuban religions) – 2%; Jewish – 0.01%; No stated religious affiliation – 46.99%);
    • Cuba – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Cuba – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cyprus – Country overview*; Eastern Orthodoxy***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox Christian – 78%; Sunni Muslim – 18%; Other – 4%);
    • Cyprus – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cyprus – Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Czech Republic – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 26.3%; Czech Evangelical Church of the Brethren – 1.3%; Czechoslovak Hussite Church – 0.9%; Other religions (including Jewish, Buddhist, Muslim) – 3.1%; Unknown – 10.1%; Without religious affiliation – 58.3%);
    • Czech Republic – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Czech Republic – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Country overview**; Christianity; African indigenous beliefs**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 43%; Protestant – 22%; Independent Christian (including Kimbanguist church) – 30%; Muslim – 1.5%; Traditional – 3.5%);
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Denmark – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 86%; Muslim – 1.9%; Other – 2.1%; Nonaffiliated – 10%);
    • Denmark – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Denmark – Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Djibouti – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 94%; Christian – 6%);
    • Djibouti – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Djibouti – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Dominica – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 70.0%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.7%; Pentecostal – 4.3%; Methodist – 4.2%; Baptist – 2.8%; Anglican – 0.7%; Other (including Bahai, Muslim, Rastafarian) – 13.3%);
    • Dominica – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Dominica – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Dominican Republic – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 89.3%; Protestant – 8.1%; Other – 2.6%);
    • Dominican Republic – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Dominican Republic – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • East Timor – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 94.6%; Other – 5.4%);
    • East Timor – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • East Timor – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Ecuador – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 87%; Protestant – 10%; Nonreligious – 2%; Other – 1%);
    • Ecuador – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ecuador – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Egypt – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 90%; Copt – 9%; Other (Anglican, Armenian, Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Jewish, Maronite, Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Syrian Catholic – 1.0%);
    • Egypt – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Egypt – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • El Salvador – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 56.7%; Protestant – 17.8%; Nondeclared – 23.2%; Other – 2.3%);
    • El Salvador – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • El Salvador – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers**; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Equatorial Guinea – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 80%; Protestant – 5%; Muslim – 4.1%; African traditional – 3.4%; Animist – 2.1%; Bahai – 0.5%; Nonreligious – 4.9%);
    • Equatorial Guinea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Equatorial Guinea – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Eritrea – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Orthodox Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 50%; Orthodox Christian (Tewahedo) – 40%; Eastern Catholic (Eastern Rite) and Roman Catholic – 5.5%; Protestant – 2.4%; African indigenous beliefs – 1%; Seventh-day Adventist – 0.5%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.5%; Other (Buddhist, Hindu, Bahai) – 0.1%);
    • Eritrea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Eritrea – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Eritrea – Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Estonia – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Lutheran – 14.0%; Orthodox church – 13.0%; Other Christian – 1.4%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.3%; Muslim – 0.1% Animist – 0.1%; Atheist – 6.1%; Other religions – 0.2%; Religiously indifferent or undetermined – 64.8%);
    • Estonia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Estonia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Ethiopia – Country overview**; Ethiopian Orthodox Church***; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Ethiopian Orthodox Church – 48%; Islam – 34%; Evangelical/Charismatic – 12%; Neo-charismatic – 0.5%; Roman Catholic – 1.5%; Indigenous religions – 4%);
    • Ethiopia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ethiopia – Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Ethiopia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Fiji – Country overview**; Christianity***; Hinduism***; Other religions*; Reference*; (Christian – 54.9%; Hindu – 36.6%; Muslim – 7.7%; Other – 0.8%);
    • Fiji – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Fiji – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Fiji – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Finland – Country overview**; Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 84.9%; Orthodox Christian – 1.1%; Pentecostal – 1.1%; Other – 1.1%; Nonaffiliated – 11.9%);
    • Finland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Finland – Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • France – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions; Bibliography; (Roman Catholic – 85%; Muslim – 5%; Protestant – 2%; Jewish – 1%; Other (Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism) – 2%; Unaffiliated – 5%);
    • France – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • France – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Gabon – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 90.6%; Muslim – 4.6%; African indigenous beliefs – 3.1%; Nonreligious – 1.1%; Other – 0.6%);
    • Gabon – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Gabon – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Gambia – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Islam – 90%; Christian – 9%; African indigenous beliefs – 1%);
    • Gambia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Gambia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Georgia – Country overview**; Georgian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Georgian Orthodox – 70%; Muslim – 10%; Armenian Apostolic – 8%; Russian Orthodox – 5%; Other – 7%);
    • Georgia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Georgia – Georgian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Germany – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 34.8%; Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) – 34.4%; Evangelical free churches – 1.8%; Other Christian – 1.8%; Other religions – 3.2%; No religious affiliation – 24.0%);
    • Germany – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Germany – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Ghana – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 16%; Roman Catholic – 15%; African independent churches – 14%; Presbyterian – 12%; African indigenous beliefs – 21%; Pentecostal – 8%; Methodist – 7%; Other – 7%);
    • Ghana – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Ghana – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Greece – Country overview**; Greek Orthodox Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox – 97%; Muslim – 1.3%; Roman Catholic – 0.6%; Protestant – 0.2%l Jewish – 0.05%; Other – 0.85%);
    • Greece – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Greece – Greek Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Grenada – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 54.3%; Anglican – 20%; Other – 25.7%);
    • Grenada – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Grenada – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Guatemala – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Maya spirituality***; Evangelicalism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 51%; Maya spirituality – 24%; Evangelical – 24%; Other – 1%);
    • Guatemala – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guatemala – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guatemala – Maya spirituality – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guatemala – Evangelicalism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Guinea – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 85%; Christian – 10%; Other – 5%);
    • Guinea – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guinea – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Guinea-Bissau – Country overview**; African indigenous beliefs***; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (African indigenous beliefs – 65%; Islam – 30%; Christianity (Roman Catholic and Protestant) – 5%);
    • Guinea-Bissau – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guinea-Bissau – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guinea-Bissau – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Guyana – Country overview**; Hinduism**; Protestantism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 35.0%; Anglican – 13.8%; Roman Catholic – 10.0%; Islam – 8.0%; Pentecostal – 7.5%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.5%; Methodist – 2.6%; Other Christian – 4.5%; Not stated/other – 11.0%; None – 3.1%);
    • Guyana – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guyana – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guyana – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Haiti – Country overview**; Vodou***; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Vodouist – 80%; Christian (Roman Catholic, Protestant) – 93%; Other (Jewish, Santerian, Rastafarian, Mormon) – 7%);
    • Haiti – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Haiti – Vodou – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Haiti – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Hinduism – Overview**; History***; Om*; Central doctrines***; Glossary***; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books***; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; The Tilaka and Religious Affiliation*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Women's Contribution to the Hindu Tradition*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Shaivism***; Vaishnavism***;
    • Hinduism – Glossary – Acharya*; Ashrama*; Atman*; Ayurveda*; Bhagavad Gita*; Bhakti*; Brahma*; Brahman (supreme being)*; Brahman (caste)*; Caste*; Deva*; Devi*; Dharma*; Dharma Sastra*; Durga*; Ganesha*; Goddess*; Gotra*; Guru*; Jati*; Karma*; Krishna*; Kundalini*; Lakshmi*; Mahabharata*; Mandala*; Mantra*; Moksha*; Parvati*; Puja*; Purana*; Ramayana*; Samadhi*; Samsara*; Sanatana dharma*; Shakti*; Sanskrit*; Shiva*; Smriti*; Sruti*; Swami*; Tamil*; Tantra*; Upadesa*; Upanishad*; Vaishnava*; Varna*; Varna-ashrama dharma*; Veda*; Vedanta*; Vishnu*; Yoga*; Yuga*;
    • Hinduism – Shaivism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Shaivite Tantra**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography**;
    • Hinduism – Vaishnavism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; Vaishnava Theology*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Honduras – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 86%; Protestant – 11%; Spiritist – 1%; Bahai – 0.5%; Nonreligious and other – 1.5%);
    • Honduras – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Honduras – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Hungary – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 51.9%; Reformed – 15.9%; Lutheran – 3.0%; Greek Catholic – 2.6%; Nonreligious – 25.4%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Hungary – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Hungary – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Iceland – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – 86.6%; Other Evangelical Lutheran – 4.3%; Roman Catholic – 1.8%; Other Protestant (Pentecostal, Seventh-day Adventist, Other) – 1.3%; Mormon – 0.2%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.2%; Orthodox (Russian and Serbian) – 0.1%; Other (Buddhist, Muslim, Bahai, Asa) – 0.6%; Not registered – 4.9%;
    • Iceland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Iceland – Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • India – Country overview**; Hinduism***; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 80%; Muslim – 14%; Christian – 2.4%; Sikh – 2%; Buddhist – 0.7%; Jain – 0.5%; Other – 0.4%);
    • India – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • India – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • India – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Indonesia – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 88.8%; Protestant – 5%; Catholic – 2.9%; Hindu – 2.4%; Buddhist – 0.7%; Other – 0.2%);
    • Indonesia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Indonesia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Iran – Country overview**; Shia Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shiite Islam – 91%; Sunni Muslim – 7.8%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Iran – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Iran – Shia Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Iraq – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shiite Islam – 55%; Sunni Islam – 40%; Christian and other – 5%);
    • Iraq – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Iraq – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Ireland – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 90%; Anglican (Church of Ireland) – 2.7%; Presbyterian – 0.75%; Methodist – 0.13%; Jewish, Muslim, and other – 6.42%);
    • Ireland – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ireland – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Islam – Overview***; Crescent Moon and Star*; History**; Glossary**; Central doctrines***; Islamic Law**; Moral code of conduct***; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders***; Major theologians and authors***; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Sunnis and Shiites**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Shiism***; Sunnism***;
    • Islam – Glossary – Al-hajj (al-hajji)*; Allah*; Caliph*; Dawa*; Dhimmi*; Dua*; Fast of Ramadan*; Fatwa*; Five Pillars of Islam*; Ghusl*; Hadith*; Hajj*; Halal*; Hijab*; Hijra (Hegira)*; Imam*; Islam (submission)*; Jihad*; Jizya*; Juma*; Kaaba*; Koran (Quran)*; Madrasah*; Masjid*; Mihrab*; Millet*; Minbar*; People of the Book*; Riba*; Sadaqah*; Salat*; Shahadah*; Shariah*; Shiite*; Sufi*; Sunnah*; Sunni*; Surah*; Tawhid*; Ulama*; Ummah*; Wali*; Wudu*; Zakat*;
    • Islam – Shiism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; The Love for ahl al-bayt**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Seveners and Fivers**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**; Bibliography*;
    • Islam – Sunnism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; The Ideal Leader of an Islamic State*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Israel – Country overview**; Judaism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Jewish – 80.1%; Muslim – 14.6%; Christian – 2.1%; Other – 3.2%);
    • Israel – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Israel – Judaism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Italy – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 98%; Other – 2%);
    • Italy – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Italy – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Jainism – Overview**; History***; Universal Jain Symbol*; Central doctrines***; Preponderance of Nuns over Monks**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Glossary***; Membership*; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; A Narrative of Jain Values**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • Jainism – Glossary – Acharya*; Ahimsa*; Anekant*; Aryika*; Brahmacarya*; Dashalakshanaparvan*; Digambara*; Diksha*; Jina*; Jiva*; Karma*; Mahavira Jayanti*; Moksha*; Muhapatti*; Muni*; Murtipujak*; Namaskar Mantra*; Nigoda*; Paryushan*; Puja*; Purvas*; Sallekhana*; Samsara*; Sati*; Shvetambara*; Sthanakwasi*; Svastika*; Tap (Tapas; Tapasya)*; Tattva*; Tattvartha Sutra*; Terapanthi*; Three jewels*;
  • Jamaica – Country overview**; Pentecostalism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Pentecostal – 33.29%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10.84%; Baptist – 7.27%; Anglican – 3.6%; Rastafarian – 0.93%; Other – 23.12%; Nonreligious – 20.95%);
    • Jamaica – Country overview – Introduction **; Religious tolerance*;
    • Jamaica – Pentecostalism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Japan – Country overview**; Shinto***; Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shintoist and/or Buddhist – 90%; “new religions” – ~10%; Other – ~1%);
    • Japan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Japan – Shinto – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Japan – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Jordan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 93%; Christian – 5.5%; Shiite Muslim – 1%; Druze – 0.3%; Bahai – 0.2%);
    • Jordan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Jordan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Judaism – Overview**; History***; The Menorah*; Glossary***; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders***; Major theologians and authors***; Contemporary Midrash*; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Two Israeli Holidays*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Conservative Judaism***; Orthodox Judaism***; Reform Judaism***;
    • Judaism – Glossary – Aggadah*; Ashkenazim*; Bar mitzvah (son of commandment)*; Brit Milah*; Conservative Judaism*; Diaspora*; Haggadah*; Halakhah*; Hasidism*; Kabbalah*; Kasruth*; Midrash*; Mishnah*; Orthodox Judaism*; Passover (Pesach)*; Prophets (Nevi'im)*; Reconstructionist Judaism*; Reform Judaism*; Rosh Hashanah*; Sanhedrin*; Sephardim*; Shabuoth (Feast of Weeks)*; Talmud*; Tanakh*; Torah (Pentateuch; Law)*; Writings (Ketuvim; Hagiographa)*; Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)*;
    • Judaism – Conservative Judaism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; The Masorti Movement in Israel*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Judaism – Orthodox Judaism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Thirteen Principles of Belief*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Judaism – Reform Judaism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; The Platform of Reform Judaism**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Kazakhstan – Country overview**; Islam***; Eastern Orthodoxy**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 63%; Orthodox Christian – 32%; Catholic – 3%; Protestant – 1%; Other – 1%);
    • Kazakhstan – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Kazakhstan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Kazakhstan – Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Kenya – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 66%; African traditional beliefs – 28.7%; Muslim – 5%; Other – 0.3%);
    • Kenya – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Kenya – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Kenya – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Kiribati – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Kiribati Protestant Church**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 53.5%; Kiribati Protestant – 39.2%; Baha'i – 2.4%; Seventh-day Adventist – 1.9%; Mormon – 1.7%; Church of God, Assembly of God – 1.3%);
    • Kiribati – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Kiribati – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Kiribati – Kiribati Protestant Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Kuwait – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 59.5%; Shiite Muslim – 25.5%; Buddhist, Catholic, Protestant, Sikh and other – 15%);
    • Kuwait – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Kuwait – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**;
  • Kyrgyzstan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 85%; Christian – 13%; Other – 2%);
    • Kyrgyzstan – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Kyrgyzstan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Laos – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Theravada Buddhist – 60%; Christian (Roman Catholic, Lao Evangelical Church, Seventh-day Adventist) – 2-3%; Other (Hindu, Bahai, Chinese religions, Muslim, Mahayana Buddhist, as well as indigenous religions involving spirit beliefs and/or ancestor worship among the Tai Dam, Khmu, Hmong, Mien, Lao Huay, etc.) – 37-38%);
    • Laos – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Laos – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Latvia – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 26.4%; Roman Catholic – 17.3%; Orthodox – 8.7%; Jewish – 0.02%; Other, including unaffiliated – 47.58%);
    • Latvia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Latvia – Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Lebanon – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shiite Muslim – 41%; Sunni Muslim – 27%; Maronite – 18%; Druze – 7%; Greek Orthodox – 5%; Greek Catholic – 3%; Other – 1%);
    • Lebanon – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Lebanon – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Lesotho – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Catholic – 50%; Evangelical – 25%; Anglican – 10%; African indigenous beliefs – 9%; Other Protestant – 5%; Muslim, Bahai, and other – 1%);
    • Lesotho – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Lesotho – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Liberia – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional beliefs**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian (Lutheran, Baptist, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, United Methodist, African Methodist Episcopal, AME Zion) – 40%; African traditional beliefs – 40%; Muslim – 20%);
    • Liberia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Liberia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Liberia – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Libya – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 98%; Christian – 1%; Other – 1%);
    • Libya – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Libya – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Liechtenstein – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 78%; Protestant – 8%; Muslim – 5%; Eastern Orthodox – 1%; Not religious – 3%; Other or no answer – 5%);
    • Liechtenstein – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Liechtenstein – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Lithuania – Country overview*; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 72.6%; Orthodox Christian – 6.5%; Protestant – 1.6%; Muslim – 0.1%; Jewish – 0.1%; Ethnoreloigious – 0.1%; Unaffiliated – 19%);
    • Lithuania – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Lithuania – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Luxembourg – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 65.9%; Protestant – 1.2%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.8%; Muslim – 0.7%; Jewish – 0.5%; Orthodox Christian – 0.5%; Other – 0.9%; Nonreligious – 29.5%);
    • Luxembourg – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Luxembourg – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Macedonia – Country overview**; Macedonian Orthodox Church***; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Macedonian Orthodox – 66.3%; Muslim – 30%; Serbian Orthodox – 1.9%; Roman Catholic – 0.5%; Greek Catholic – 0.3%; Protestant – 0.3%; Atheist – 0.3%; Other – 0.4%);
    • Macedonia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Macedonia – Macedonian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Macedonia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Madagascar – Country overview**; Christianity***; Traditional religion***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 48%; Traditional religion – 46%; Muslim – 5,4%; Other – 0.6%);
    • Madagascar – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Madagascar – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
    • Madagascar – Traditional religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Malawi – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 29%; Presbyterian – 25%; Muslim – 13%; Pentecostal/Charismatic – 8%; Anglican – 6%; African initiated churches – 5%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4%; Baptist – 3%; Other (African indigenous beliefs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Bahai, Rastafarian) – 3%; Nonreligious – 4%);
    • Malawi – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Malawi – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Malaysia – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 61%; Buddhist – 19%; Christian – 9%; Hindu – 6%; Chinese religions – 3%; Other – 2%);
    • Malaysia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Malaysia – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Maldives – Country overview**; Sunni Islam; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Islam – 100%);
    • Maldives – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Maldives – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mali – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 85-90%; African indigenous beliefs – 8-10%; Christian – 1-2%);
    • Mali – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mali – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Malta – Country overview*; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 97.7%; Protestant – 1.0%; Other – 1.3%);
    • Malta – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Malta – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Marshall Islands – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christianity – 90%; Other – 10%);
    • Marshall Islands – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Marshall Islands – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mauritania – Country overview*; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 100%);
    • Mauritania – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mauritania – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mauritius – Country overview**; Hinduism**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 52%; Roman Catholic – 26%; Muslim – 16.6%; Protestant – 2.3%; Other – 3.1%);
    • Mauritius – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mauritius – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Mauritius – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mexico – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 88.0%; Protestant – 5.8%; Nonreligious – 4.3%; Other – 1.9%);
    • Mexico – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mexico – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Micronesia – Country overview**; Christianity; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 98.5%; Other – 1.5%);
    • Micronesia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Micronesia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Moldova – Country overview**; Moldavian Orthodox Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Orthodox Christian – 83.8%; Other Christian – 4.2%; Jewish – 0.8%; Other – 1.0%; Nonreligious – 10.2%);
    • Moldova – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Moldova – Moldavian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Monaco – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 90%; Other – 10%);
    • Monaco – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Monaco – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mongolia – Country overview**; Tibetan Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Tibetan Buddhist – 96%; Other (Bahai, Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Muslim, Shamanist) – 4%);
    • Mongolia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mongolia – Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Morocco – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 98.7%; Christian – 1.1%; Jewish – 0.2%);
    • Morocco – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Morocco – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mozambique – Country overview**; African indigenous beliefs***; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography**; (African indigenous beliefs – 49.5%; Christian – 30%; Muslim – 20%; Hindu – 0.5%);
    • Mozambique – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mozambique – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Mozambique – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Myanmar – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 87.2%; Christian – 5.6%; Muslim – 3.6%; Hindu – 1.0%; Other – 2.6%);
    • Myanmar – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Myanmar – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Namibia – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Lutheran – 44%; African indigenous beliefs – 20%; Roman Catholic – 18%; Dutch Reformed – 4%; Anglican – 4%; Muslim – 3%; Other (African Methodist Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Mormon, Jewish, Hindu, Bahai) – 7%);
    • Namibia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Namibia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nauru – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 84%; Buddhist – 15%; Other – 1%);
    • Nauru – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nauru – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nepal – Country overview**; Hinduism***; Buddhism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 81%; Buddhist – 11%; Other (Baha'i, Christian, Muslim, Jain, Sikh) – 8%);
    • Nepal – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nepal – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Nepal – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Netherlands – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 31%; Protestant – 21%; Muslim – 5.3%; Other – 2.7%; Nonreligious – 40%);
    • Netherlands – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Netherlands – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • New Zealand – Country overview**; Christianity; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 17%; Protestant – 21%; Roman Catholic – 15%; Maori Christian (Ratana and Ringatu) – 1.5%; Other Christian – 5%; Buddhist – 1%; Hindu – 1%; Islam - 0.5%; Other – 1%; Nonreligious – 37%);
    • New Zealand – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • New Zealand – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nicaragua – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 75.9%; Protestant – 18.7%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 1.4%; Other – 4.0%);
    • Nicaragua – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nicaragua – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Niger – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 86%; African indigenous beliefs – 11%; Christian and other – 1%);
    • Niger – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Niger – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nigeria – Country overview**; Islam***; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 50%; Christian – 40%; Traditional – 10%);
    • Nigeria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nigeria – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Nigeria – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • North Korea – Country overview**; Juche***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Juche – 20-70%; Chendogyo, Buddhist, Protestant, Roman Catholic, Folk religionist) - >0.2%); Nonreligious – 20-70%);
    • North Korea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • North Korea – Juche – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Norway – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 86%; Other Protestant – 2%; Roman Catholic – 1%; Other religions (including Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist) – 2%; None – 9%);
    • Norway – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Norway – Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Oman – Country overview**; Ibadi Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Ibadi Islam – 75%; Other (Sunni and Shia Islam; Hindu) – 25%);
    • Oman – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Oman – Ibadi Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Pakistan – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 81%; Shia Muslim – 15%; Hindu – 2.02%; Christian – 1.63%; Other – 0.35%);
    • Pakistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Pakistan – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Palau – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 42%; Evangelical – 22%; Modekngei – 9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 6%; Other – 6%; Unknown or no religious affiliation – 15%);
    • Palau – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Palau – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Panama – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 78%; Protestant – 12%; Muslim – 4.4%; Bahai – 1.2%; Buddhist – 0.8%; Indigenous – 0.7%; Other – 2.9%);
    • Panama – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Panama – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Papua New Guinea – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 27.1%; Evangelical Lutheran – 19.5%; United Church – 11.5%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10.1%; Pentecostal – 8.6%; Evangelical Alliance – 5.2%; Anglican – 3.2%; Baptist – 2.5%; Other Christian – 8.1%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.4%; Mormon – 0.4%; Other religion (Buddhist, Muslim, etc.) - 0.3%; Bahai – 0.3%; Not stated – 2.0%);
    • Papua New Guinea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Papua New Guinea – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Paraguay – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 89.5%; Protestant – 6.0%; Other – 2.0%; Nonreligious – 2.5%)
    • Paraguay – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Paraguay – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Peru – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 90%; Protestant (Anglican, Methodist, Evangelical Christian) – 8%; Other – 2%);
    • Peru – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Peru – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Philippines – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 80%; Protestant – 10%; Muslim – 5%; Other – 5%);
    • Philippines – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Philippines – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Poland – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 93%; Other Catholic – 0.5%; Orthodox Christian – 1.3%; Nonreligious – 4%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Poland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Poland – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Portugal – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 89%; Protestant – 4%; Other Christian – 3%; Other – 1%; None – 3%);
    • Portugal – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Portugal – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Qatar – Country overview**; Islam**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim (predominantly Sunni with some Shiite) – 92-95%; Other (Christian, Hindu, Bahai) – 5-8%);
    • Qatar – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Qatar – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Republic of the Congo – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional religions***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 50%; African traditional religions – 48%; Muslim – 0.8%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Republic of the Congo – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Republic of the Congo – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Republic of the Congo – African traditional religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Romania – Country overview**; Romanian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Orthodox Church – 86.7%; Roman Catholic – 4.7%; Reformed – 3.2%; Pentecostal – 1.5%; Greek Catholic – 0.9%; Baptist – 0.6%; Seventh-day Adventist – 0.4%; Unitarian – 0.3%; Muslim – 0.3%; Christian of Old Rite – 0.2%; Christian according to the Gospels – 0.2%; Other – 1.0%);
    • Romania – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Romania – Romanian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Russia – Country overview**; Russian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Orthodox Christian – 33.0-40.0%; Muslim – 8.0-10.0%; Buddhist – 0.7%; Jewish – 0.7%; Protestant – 0.7%; Roman Catholic – 0.2%; Other - >1.0%; Nonreligious – 46.7-55.7%);
    • Russia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Russia – Russian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Rwanda – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 65%; African traditional religions – 23%; Protestant – 10%; Muslim – 1%; Other – 1%);
    • Rwanda – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Rwanda – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Country overview**; Anglicanism***; Methodism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglicanism – 27.5%; Methodist – 25.3%; Moravian – 7.3%; Roman Catholic – 6.9%; Pentecostal – 5.5%; Church of God – 4.3%; Baptist – 3.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 3.5%; Wesleyan Holiness – 2.7%; Brethren – 1.8%; Rastafarian – 0.7%; Hindu – 0.4%; Salvation Army – 0.1%; Muslim – 0.1%; Other – 4.1%; Undesignated – 5.9%);
    • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Anglicanism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Methodism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saint Lucia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 79%; Seventh-day Adventist – 7%; Pentecostalist – 3%; Anglican – 2%; Other – 9%);
    • Saint Lucia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saint Lucia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Country overview**; Anglicanism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 17.75%; Pentecostal – 17.6%; Methodist – 10.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10.2%; Spiritual Baptist – 9.95%; Roman Catholic – 7.45%; Other (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Hindu, Jehovah's Witnesses, Bahai, and those with no religious affiliation) – 26.15%);
    • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Anglicanism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Samoa – Country overview**; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Congregationalist – 34.7%; Roman Catholic – 19.7%; Methodist – 15.0%; Mormon – 12.7%; Other – 17.9%%);
    • Samoa – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Samoa – Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • San Marino – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 99%; Other – 1%);
    • San Marino – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • San Marino – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • São Tomé and Príncipe – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 89.5%; Other Christian – 6.3%; Bahai – 2.1%; African traditional – 1.1%; Nonreligious – 1.0%);
    • São Tomé and Príncipe – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • São Tomé and Príncipe – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saudi Arabia – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Islam – 95.5-96.5%; Shia Muslim – 1-2%; Christian – 2.5%);
    • Saudi Arabia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saudi Arabia – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Senegal – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 94%; Roman Catholic – 4.9%; African traditional religions – 1%; Protestant – 0.1%);
    • Senegal – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Senegal – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Serbia and Montenegro – Country overview**; Serbian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Serbian Orthodox Church – 68%; Muslim – 20%; Roman Catholic – 5%; Protestant – 2%; Other – 5%);
    • Serbia and Montenegro – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Serbia and Montenegro – Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Seychelles – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christianity – 95.9%; Other – 4.1%);
    • Seychelles – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Seychelles – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Shinto – Overview*; History***; Torii*; Glossary**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; What Is a Kami?*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Is Shinto a Religion?*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography**;
    • Shinto – Glossary – Amaterasu*; Arahitogami*; Fukko Shintō*; Gon-gūji*; Goryō*; Gūji*; Hachiman*; Harae*; Himorogi*; Hitogami*; Honji-suijaku*; Iwasaka*; Kagura*; Kami*; Kannushi*; Kegare*; Ki*; Kokugaku*; Kojiki*; Kokoro*; Man'yōshū*; Marebito*; Matsuri*; Miko*; Nihon shoki*; Negi*; Norito*; Oni*; Ubasoku (Hijiri)*; Yuitsu genpon sōgen shintō*; Shinjin goitsu*; Shintai*; Torii*;
  • Sierra Leone – Country overview**; Islam***; African traditional religion***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 60%; African traditional religion – 30%; Christian – 10%);
    • Sierra Leone – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sierra Leone – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Sierra Leone – African traditional religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sikhism – Overview**; History***; Khanda*; Glossary**; Central doctrines***; The Adi Granth*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Major Subgroups of Sikhs**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • Sikhism – Glossary – Adi Granth*; Akal Purakh*; Amrit*; Dan*; Granthi*; Gurdwara*; Gurmukh*; Guru*; Guru Granth (Guru Granth Sahib)*; Guru Panth*; Hukam*; Ishnan*; Janam-sakhi*; Karah prashad*; Karma*; Katha*; Kaur*; Khalsa*; Kirpan*; Kirtan*; Langar*; Nam*; Panth*; Pati*; Rahit*; Sangat*; Sansar*; Shabad*; Sikh*; Sikh Panth*; Sikh Rahit Maryada*; Singh*; Vak*;
  • Singapore – Country overview**; Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 42.5%; Muslim – 15%; Nonreligious – 15%; Christian – 14.5%; Taoist – 8.5%; Hindu – 4%; Other – 0.5%);
    • Singapore – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Singapore – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Slovakia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 68.9%; Evangelical (Lutheran) – 6.9%; Greek Catholic – 4.1%; Reformed – 2.0%; Not affiliated – 13.0%; Other – 5.1%);
    • Slovakia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Slovakia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Slovenia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 57.8%; Refused to answer – 15.7%; Atheist – 10.1%; Unknown – 7.1%; Nonconfessional believers – 3.5%; Muslim – 2.4%; Orthodox – 2.3%; Protestant – 0.9%; Other – 0.2%);
    • Slovenia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Slovenia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Solomon Islands – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 34%; Roman Catholic – 19%; South Sea Evangelical (Baptist) – 17%; United Church of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands – 11%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10%; Other Protestant – 5%; Traditionalist – 4%);
    • Solomon Islands – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Solomon Islands – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Somalia – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 99.96%; Christian – 0.04%);
    • Somalia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Somalia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • South Africa – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions***; Bibliography*; (Christian – 74.1%; Traditional – 18.3%; Muslim – 1.4%; Hindu – 1.3%; Jewish – 0.2%; Other – 4.7%);
    • South Africa – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • South Africa – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • South Korea – Country overview**; Christianity***; Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 24.2%; Buddhist – 23.3%; Confucianist – 1.0%; Shamanist – 1.0%; Wonbulgyo – 0.3%; Chendogyo – 0.2%; Other religions (including Daejonggyo, Taoist, Eastern Orthodox Christian, Muslim, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormon, Jeondogwan, Unification Church, Soka Gakkai, and Tenrikyo) – 3.0%; Nonreligious – 47.0%);
    • South Korea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • South Korea – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • South Korea – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Spain – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 82.1%; Other – 2.0%; None – 14.6%; Unknown – 1.3%);
    • Spain – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Spain – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sri Lanka – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 69%; Hindu – 15%; Christian – 8%; Muslim – 7%; Other – 1%);
    • Sri Lanka – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sri Lanka – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sudan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 70%; African traditional religions – 18-20%; Christian – 10-12%);
    • Sudan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sudan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Suriname – Country overview**; Hinduism**; Protestantism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 27.4%; Protestant – 25.2%; Roman Catholic – 22.8%; Muslim – 19.6%; Other – 5%);
    • Suriname – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Suriname – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Suriname – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Swaziland – Country overview**; Christianity***; Swazi traditional religion***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 66%; Swazi traditional religion – 33%; Other (Baha'i and Muslim) – 1%);
    • Swaziland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Swaziland – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Swaziland – Swazi traditional religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sweden – Country overview*; Church of Sweden***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Church of Sweden – 84%; Other Christian – 5.2%; Islam – 2%; Other – 8.8%);
    • Sweden – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sweden – Church of Sweden – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Switzerland – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 79.3%; Muslim – 4.3%; Hindu – 0.4%; Buddhist – 0.3%; Jewish – 0.2%; Other – 0.1%; Nonreligious – 11.1%; No indication – 4.3%);
    • Switzerland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Switzerland – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Syria – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 74%; Alawite – 12%; Christian – 10%; Druze – 3%; Other – 1%);
    • Syria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Syria – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Taiwan – Country overview**; Chinese religion***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Chinese religion (Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, and Chinese folk religion) – 89.1%; I-kuan Tao – 3.9%; Protestant – 2.6%; Roman Catholic – 1.3%; Other – 3.1%);
    • Taiwan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Taiwan – Chinese religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tajikistan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Islam – 95%; Other – 5%);
    • Tajikistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Tajikistan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tanzania – Country overview**; Christianity***; Islam**; African traditional beliefs***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 40%; Muslim – 39%; African traditional religions – 20%; Other (Hindu, Sikh) – 1%);
    • Tanzania – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tanzania – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Tanzania – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Tanzania – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Taoism – Overview**; Yin yang*; History***; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Glossary***; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; “Northern Taoism” and “Southern Taoism”*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Taoism – Glossary – "Celestial Masters" tradition (T'ien-shih)*; Chen*; Chen-jen*; Cheng-i*; Ch'i*; Chiao*; Chai*; Ch'i-kung (Qigong)*; Chin dynasty*; Chin-tan*; Ch'ing dynasty*; Ching*; Ching-ming*; Ch'ing-wei*; Ch'uan-ch'i*; Chuang-tzu*; Ch'üan-chen*; Classical China*; "Dragon Gate" tradition (Lung-men)*; Han dynasty*; Hsiang-erh*; Hsin*; Hsing*; Hsiu chen*; Hsiu-lien*; Hsiu tao*; Inner Alchemy*; Jurchen*; Kuan*; Lao-tzu*; Legalism*; Libationers*; Lien-shih*; Linbg-pao*; Meng-wei*; Ming*; Ming dynasty*; Mongols*; Nei-tan*; Nei-yeh*; Neo-Confucianism*; Northern Sung dynasty*; “Northern Taoism”*; Shan*; Shang-ch'ing*; Shen*; Shen-hsien*; “Southern Taoism”*; Sung dynasty*; T'ai-ch'ing*; T'ai-p'ing ching*; T'ai-p'ing*; T'ang dynasty*; Tao*; Tao-chiao*; Taoism*; Tao-shih*; Tao te ching*; Tao-tsang*; T'ien-shih*; Wai-tan*; Wu-wei*;
  • Thailand – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 90%; Muslim – 3%; Christian – 0.5%; Hindu – 0.1%; Other – 6.4%);
    • Thailand – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Thailand – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Togo – Country overview**; Christianity***; Vodun***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Vodun (Voodoo) – 27%; Roman Catholic – 24%; Sunni Muslim – 12%; Protestant – 8%; African Independent churches – 1%; Other African indigenous religions – 28%);
    • Togo – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Togo – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Togo – Vodun – Date of origin**; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tonga – Country overview**; Free Wesleyan Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Free Wesleyan Church – 35%; Roman Catholic – 15%; Mormon – 15%; Free Church of Tonga – 10%; Church of Tonga – 6%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4%: Tokaikolo Fellowship – 4%; Assemblies of God – 2%; Other – 10%);
    • Tonga – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tonga – Free Wesleyan Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Trinidad and Tobago – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 29.4%; Hindu – 23.8%; Anglican – 10.9%; Muslim – 5.8%; Presbyterian – 3.4%; Other – 26.7%);
    • Trinidad and Tobago – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Trinidad and Tobago – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tunisia – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 99.7%; Other – 0.3%);
    • Tunisia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tunisia – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Turkey – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 84%; Alevi and other Muslim – 15%; Other (Armenian Catholic, Chaldean, Greek Catholic, Jacobite, Jewish, Protestant, Orthodox Christian, Roman Catholic) – 1%;
    • Turkey – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Turkey – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Turkmenistan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 89%; Eastern Orthodox – 9%; Other – 2%);
    • Turkmenistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Turkmenistan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tuvalu – Country overview**; Tuvalu Christian Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Tuvalu Christian Church – 92%; Seventh-day Adventist – 2.4%; Bahai – 1.8%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 1.3%; Roman Catholic – 0.5%; Other – 2%);
    • Tuvalu – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tuvalu – Tuvalu Christian Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Uganda – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 78%; Muslim – 9%; African indigenous beliefs – 8%; African independent churches – 4%; Other – 1%);
    • Uganda – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Uganda – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Ukraine – Country overview**; Eastern Orthodoxy***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox Christian – 61%; Greek Catholic – 8%; Protestant – 3%; Roman Catholic – 1%; Muslim – 1%; Jewish – 0.6%; Slavic (Ukrainian) pagan – 0.2%; Hindu, Buddhist, and practitioners of other Eastern religions) – 0.1%; Other – 0.1%; Nonaffiliated – 25%);
    • Ukraine – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ukraine – Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • United Arab Emirates – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 80%; Shiite Muslim – 16%; Other – 4%);
    • United Arab Emirates – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • United Arab Emirates – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • United Kingdom – Country overview**; Church of England***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican (including Church of England) – 39.4%; Roman Catholic – 12.5%; Presbyterian (including the Church of Scotland) – 5.5%; Other Christian – 8.2%; Muslim – 2.7%; Hindu – 1.0%; Sikh – 0.6%; Jewish – 0.5%; Buddhist – 0.3%; Other – 0.3%; No religion – 29.0%);
    • United Kingdom – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • United Kingdom – Church of England – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • United States of America – Country overview**; Protestantism***; Roman Catholicism***; Native American religions***; Other religions***; Bibliography*; (Protestant – 52%; Roman Catholic – 24%; Jewish – 3%; Other (Other Christian, Native American religions, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, New religious movements, Shaker, Mormon, Seventh-day Adventist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Nonreligious) – 12%;
    • United States of America – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • United States of America – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History***; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • United States of America – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • United States of America – Native American religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Uruguay – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 64.8%; Atheist – 6.3%; Protestant – 3.3%; Jewish – 1.2%; Other and nonaffiliated – 24.4%);
    • Uruguay – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Uruguay – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Uzbekistan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 88%; Eastern Orthodox – 9%; Other - 3%);
    • Uzbekistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Uzbekistan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Vanuatu – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Presbyterian – 32%; Anglican – 14%; Roman Catholicism – 13%; Seventh-day Adventist – 11%; Church of Christ – 4%; Assemblies of God – 4%; Neil Thomas Ministries – 3%; Other – 11.4%; Indigenous beliefs – 7.6%);
    • Vanuatu – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Vanuatu – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Vatican City – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 100%);
    • Vatican City – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Vatican City – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Venezuela – Country overview*; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 80%; Pentecostal – 5-7%; Other Protestant – 1%; Other religions – 12-14%);
    • Venezuela – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Venezuela – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Vietnam – Country overview**; Mahayana Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 84%; Christian – 10%; Cao Dai – 3%; Hoa Hao – 2%; Other – 1%);
    • Vietnam – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Vietnam – Mahayana Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Yemen – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 65%; Zaydi Shia Muslim – 34%; Ismaili Shia Muslim - >1%; Jewish - >1%; Christian - >1%; Hindu - >1%);
    • Yemen – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Yemen – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Zambia – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 87.0%; Muslim – 0.4%; Hindu – 0.1%; Other – 7.2%; Nonreligious – 5.3%);
    • Zambia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Zambia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Zimbabwe – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 48.5%; African traditional religion – 47%; Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and other – 4.5%;
    • Zimbabwe – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Zimbabwe – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Zimbabwe – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Zoroastrianism – Overview*; History***; The Guardian Spirit*; Glossary**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; The Impact of Zoroastrianism on Major Religions*; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; The Diminishing Population of Zoroastrians*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • Zoroastrianism – Glossary – Achaemenian dynasty*; Afrinagan*; Ahura Mazda*; Amesha Spentas*; Angra Mainyu*; Asha*; Atashkadeh*; Avestan*; Barashnum*; Daeva*; Dakhma*; Dar-i Mihr*; Dastur*; Fasli*; Frashkard*; Gathic*; Getig*; Gahambar*; Gāthā*; Haoma*; Jashan*; Kusti*; Magi*; Pahlavi*; Parahom*; Parsi*; Qadimi*; Raspi*; Sadre*; Sasanian dynasty*; Spenta Mainyu*; Yasht*; Yasna*; Yazata*; Zaotar*; Zardushti*; Zoroaster*; Zoroastrianism*; Zot*;
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