Westport, Connecticut

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Westport is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, along the Long Island Sound within Connecticut's Gold Coast. It is 48 miles (77 km) northeast of New York City. The town is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region. Westport's public school system is ranked as the top public school district in Connecticut and 17th best school district in the United States.[3]

Westport, Connecticut
Westport Town Hall
Westport Town Hall
Flag of Westport, Connecticut
Official seal of Westport, Connecticut
Official logo of Westport, Connecticut
Nickname: 
WePo
Westport's location within Fairfield County and Connecticut
Map
Map
Map
Coordinates: 41°07′24″N 73°20′49″W / 41.12333°N 73.34694°W / 41.12333; -73.34694
CountryUnited States
U.S. stateConnecticut
CountyFairfield
RegionWestern CT
Established1835
IncorporatedMay 28, 1835
Founded byBankside Farmers
Government
 • TypeRTM
 • 1st selectwomanJennifer Tooker (R)
 • 2nd selectwomanAndrea Moore (R)
 • 3rd selectwomanCandace Savin (D)
Area
 • Total33.45 sq mi (86.6 km2)
 • Land19.96 sq mi (51.7 km2)
 • Water13.49 sq mi (34.9 km2)
Elevation
26 ft (8 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total27,141
 • Density1,359.8/sq mi (525.0/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (Eastern)
ZIP Code
06880
P.O. Boxes
06881
Area code(s)203/475
FIPS code09-83500
GNIS feature ID0213532
Websitewww.westportct.gov

History

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The earliest known inhabitants of the Westport area as identified through archaeological finds date back 7,500 years.[4] Records from the first white settlers report the Pequot Indians living in the area which they called Machamux translated by the colonialists as beautiful land.[5] Settlement by colonialists dates back to the five Bankside Farmers; whose families grew and prospered into a community that continued expanding. The settlers arrived in 1693, having followed cattle to the isolated area.[5] The community had its own ecclesiastical society, supported by independent civil and religious elements, enabling it to be independent from the Town of Fairfield.[6] As the settlement expanded its name changed: it was briefly known as "Bankside" in 1693, officially named Green's Farm in 1732 in honor of Bankside Farmer John Green and in 1835 incorporated as the Town of Westport.[4][full citation needed]

 
Historic map of Westport
 
Statue of Minuteman near Compo Beach

During the Revolutionary War, on April 25, 1777, a British force of 1,850 under the command of the Royal Governor of the Province of New York, Major General William Tryon, landed on Compo Beach to destroy the Continental Army's military supplies in Danbury.[7] Minutemen from Westport and the surrounding areas crouched hiding while Tryon's troops passed and then launched an offensive from their rear. A statue on Compo Beach commemorates this plan of attack with a crouching Minuteman facing away from the beach, looking onto what would have been the rear of the troops.[8] An additional statue of two cannons facing the water, a testament to the resistance the minutemen displayed, was erected on the beach in 1901.[9] A sign on Post Road East also commemorates this event.[10]

The Town of Westport was officially incorporated on May 28, 1835, with lands from Fairfield, Weston and Norwalk.[4][11] Daniel Nash led 130 people of Westport in the petitioning of the Town of Fairfield for Westport's incorporation. The driving force behind the petition was to assist their seaport's economic viability that was being undermined by neighboring towns' seaports.[12] For several decades after that, Westport was a prosperous agricultural community, distinguishing itself as the leading onion-growing center in the U.S. In addition, Westport became a shipping center in part to transport onions to market.[13] Blight caused the collapse of Westport's onion industry, leading to mills and factories replacing agriculture as the town's economic engine.[6]

Starting around 1910 the town experienced a cultural expansion.[4][14] During this period artists, musicians, and authors such as F. Scott Fitzgerald moved to Westport to be free from the commuting demands experienced by business people.[15] The roots of Westport's reputation as an arts center can be traced back to this period during which it was known as a "creative heaven."[4]

In the 20th century, a combination of industrialization and popularity among New Yorkers attracted to fashionable Westport—which had attracted many artists and writers—resulted in farmers selling off their land. Westport changed from a community of farmers to a suburban development.[16][17]

From the 1950s through the 1970s, New Yorkers relocating from the city to the suburbs discovered Westport's culture of artists, musicians and authors.[14] The population grew rapidly, assisted by the ease of commuting to New York City and back again to rolling hills and the "natural beauty of the town."[4][18] By this time Westport had "chic New York-type fashion shopping"[19][20] and a school system with a good reputation, both factors contributing to the growth.[14][18][19][20][21][22]

By the 21st century, Westport had developed into a center for finance and insurance, as well as professional, scientific and technical services.

Geography

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According to a publication by the 2010 Census,[23] Westport has a total area of 33.45 square miles (86.6 km2) of which 19.96 square miles (51.7 km2) (59.67%) is land with the remaining area of 13.49 square miles (34.9 km2) (40.20%) water.

Westport is bordered by Norwalk on the west, Weston to the north, Wilton to the northwest, Fairfield to the east and Long Island Sound to the south.

Climate

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Climate data for Westport, Connecticut
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 68
(20)
71
(22)
79
(26)
95
(35)
97
(36)
97
(36)
102
(39)
97
(36)
99
(37)
89
(32)
77
(25)
66
(19)
102
(39)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 37
(3)
39
(4)
48
(9)
60
(16)
70
(21)
79
(26)
84
(29)
82
(28)
75
(24)
64
(18)
52
(11)
42
(6)
61
(16)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 19
(−7)
21
(−6)
29
(−2)
38
(3)
47
(8)
57
(14)
62
(17)
61
(16)
53
(12)
40
(4)
33
(1)
24
(−4)
40
(5)
Record low °F (°C) −15
(−26)
−7
(−22)
−2
(−19)
17
(−8)
21
(−6)
34
(1)
45
(7)
41
(5)
31
(−1)
17
(−8)
14
(−10)
−9
(−23)
−15
(−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.2
(110)
3.15
(80)
4.33
(110)
4.37
(111)
4.36
(111)
3.94
(100)
3.83
(97)
3.89
(99)
4.54
(115)
3.89
(99)
4.04
(103)
3.96
(101)
48.5
(1,236)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 7.6
(19)
7.8
(20)
4.9
(12)
0.7
(1.8)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.6
(1.5)
4.6
(12)
26.2
(66.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.3 5.9 6.8 7.3 7.7 7.1 6.6 6.5 6.3 5.7 6.4 6.3 78.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.5 2.9 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 1.4 9.1
Source 1: The Weather Company Record Low & High Data & Average Low & High Data & Average Precipitation Data[24]
Source 2: USA.com Average snowfall inches & Average precipitation days & Average snowy days[25]

Topography

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Both the train station and a total of 26 percent of town residents live within the 100-year floodplain.[26] The floodplain was breached in 1992 and 1996 resulting in damage to private property, the 1992 flooding of the train station parking lot and the implementation of flood mitigation measures that include town regulations that affect renovations and additions to building within the floodplain zone. [citation needed]

Neighborhoods

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Neighborhoods of Westport
  • Saugatuck – around the Westport railroad station near the southwestern corner of the town – a built-up area with some restaurants, stores and offices. Saugatuck originates from the Paugussett tribe meaning "mouth of the tidal river"
    • Saugatuck Shores – a curved peninsula surrounded by the Long Island Sound, this area was once part of the town of Norwalk. Today several hundred residents live on the peninsula, which became part of Westport in the 1960s.
    • Saugatuck Island – founded in the 1890s as Greater Marsh Shores, the island was renamed to its current name in 1920 and became a special taxing district on November 5, 1984.
  • Westport Village – The area around Post Road and Main Street on and near the Saugatuck River that serves as the center of Westport, with many shops and restaurants. There has been recent growth in the downtown area, including Levitt Pavilion, and Bedford square, a mixed-use development incorporating the Bedford Mansion[27]
  • Greens Farms – Westport's oldest neighborhood, starting around Hillspoint Road and ending at Westport's boundary on the east side.[5] Greens Farms has its own post office[28] and train station[29]
  • Cockenoe Island (pronounced "KuhKEEnee"[citation needed]) – just off the southeastern coast of the town. Cockenoe Island is an uninhabited island that was purchased by Westport for $212,740 from the United Illuminating Company in 1969 so that the company could not use the land to build a nuclear plant[5]
  • Old Hill – west of the Saugatuck River and north of the Post Road, a historic section of town with many homes from the Revolutionary and Victorian eras. Prior to the road being called the Boston Post Road it was called the Connecticut Turnpike[30]
  • Coleytown – Located at the northern edge of town, near the Weston town line. Home to Coleytown fire station, Middle and Elementary school. Named for Farmer Coley, who owned lots of land in this area
  • Compo – Located around the main beach in the town, Compo Beach. Compo (Compaug), can be traced back to the early Paugussett tribe and means the bear's fishing ground[31]
  • SewTrol – The area containing the Town Sewage Treatment Plant, the Town Animal Control, and the State Boat Launch

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18401,803
18502,65147.0%
18603,29324.2%
18703,3612.1%
18803,4773.5%
18903,7156.8%
19004,0178.1%
19104,2596.0%
19205,11420.1%
19306,07318.8%
19408,25836.0%
195011,66741.3%
196020,95579.6%
197027,31830.4%
198025,290−7.4%
199024,410−3.5%
200025,7495.5%
201026,3912.5%
202027,1412.8%
CT.gov

The 2019 US Census reported a population estimate of 28,491 with the median household income at $206,466.[32]

The 2010 US Census counted the total number of households in Westport being 9,573 of which 7,233 (75.6%) were family households.[33] The population density was 1,322.2 inhabitants per square mile (510.5/km2). There were 10,065 housing units at an average density of 503.0 per square mile (194.2/km2).

According to the 2010 Census, the population of Westport was 92.6% White, 4.0% Asian, 1.2% Black or African American, and 0.1% American Indian. Individuals from other races made up 0.6% of Westport's population while individuals from two or more races made up 1.6%.[34] In addition, Latinos of any race made up 3.5% of Westport's population. About 29.8% of Westport residents were younger than age 18 as of 2010; higher than the U.S. average of 24%.

According to the 2000 Census, there were 9,586 households, of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 6.8% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 25.2% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 27.9% under the age of 18, 2.7% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $147,391, and the median income for a family was $176,740. As of the 2000 Census, males had a median income of $100,000 versus $53,269 for females. The per capita income for the town was $73,664. 2.6% of the population and 1.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.7% are under the age of 18 and 2.1% are 65 or older.

In July 2008, Westport was named the fifth top-earning city in the US, with a median family income of $193,540 and median home price of $1,200,000.[35] In 2018, data from the American Community Survey revealed that Westport was the 9th wealthiest city in the United States.[36]

Economy

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Commerce and industry

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The financial services sector employs 7,171 in Westport; half of whom commute daily to Westport. The financial services industry is a major segment of the local economy. The major financial services companies in Westport now are Bridgewater Associates, a global investment manager and Westport's largest employer, and BNY Mellon.[37] Professional, scientific, and technical services companies include Terex, a Fortune 500 company manufacturing industrial equipment and offering professional and technical services around those products, and dLife, a multimedia diabetes education (and marketing) company.

Nonprofits

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  • Save the Children, the American charity, governed entirely separately from the British charity of the same name, was headquartered in Westport before moving to Fairfield[4][38]
  • The Smith Richardson Foundation, a public policy think tank, is headquartered in Westport, Connecticut
  • Joseph J. Clinton Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Post 399 and August Matthias American Legion Post 63 are 501(c)(19) Non Profit charities located in Westport.

Arts and culture

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Westport Library across Saugatuck River
 
Westport Country Playhouse

Attractions

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  • The Westport Country Playhouse, founded in 1930, is a regional theater.[39] After Paul Newman moved to Westport in 1960, he became a principal "driving force" behind the playhouse.[39]
  • Museum of Contemporary Art (MoCA) Westport, part of the Westport Arts Center; the facility was expanded in 2019 to include the permanent contemporary art collection.[40]
  • Westport Museum for History and Culture, founded in 1889, is dedicate to the history of Westport.[41]
  • The Wakeman Town Farm is a historic working farm and sustainability demonstration center.[42][43]
  • The Rolnick Observatory is located on a former Nike missile site.[44][45]
  • Earthplace, The Nature Discovery Center, is a 62-acre (250,000 m2) natural history museum, nature center and wildlife sanctuary.

Parks and recreation

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Comprising 234 acres (0.95 km2), Sherwood Island State Park is located on Long Island Sound and includes beach access. Compo Beach and Burying Hill Beach are municipal beaches that are open to out-of-town visitors in the summer for a fee. The state's 9/11 memorial was put in Sherwood Island State Park in Westport; on a clear day the New York City skyline can be seen.[46]

In 1960, Westport purchased Longshore Club Park.

In 2011, Paul Newman's estate gave land to Westport to be managed by the Aspetuck Land Trust.[47]

Compo Beach in Westport

Government

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Westport town vote
by party in presidential elections[48]
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2020 74.46% 13,048 24.09% 4,222 1.45% 253
2016 68.99% 10,655 26.99% 4,169 4.01% 620
2012 56.45% 8,495 42.79% 6,439 0.76% 114
2008 65.05% 10,067 34.52% 5,342 0.43% 66
2004 59.47% 9,115 39.56% 6,063 0.98% 150
2000 57.35% 8,304 38.61% 5,590 4.05% 586
1996 51.61% 7,331 40.73% 5,785 7.67% 1,089
1992 48.10% 7,799 38.02% 6,166 13.88% 2,251
1988 44.32% 6,519 54.73% 8,051 0.95% 140
1984 38.58% 5,774 61.21% 9,162 0.21% 31
1980 30.26% 4,381 53.95% 7,810 15.79% 2,285
1976 40.97% 6,053 58.73% 8,677 0.30% 44
1972 40.23% 5,937 58.98% 8,705 0.79% 116
1968 42.34% 5,435 54.82% 7,037 2.84% 365
1964 59.54% 6,939 40.46% 4,716 0.00% 0
1960 35.86% 3,825 64.14% 6,842 0.00% 0
1956 24.60% 2,232 75.40% 6,842 0.00% 0

Westport, like Connecticut as a whole, is heavily Democratic. Hillary Rodham Clinton outscored Donald J. Trump by 42 points in 2016. Joe Biden outscored Donald J. Trump by more than 50 points in 2020, marking the best performance for a Democratic presidential nominee in the town in over 60 years.[49]

Westport was one of five towns in Connecticut that backed former Governor John Kasich over Donald J. Trump in the 2016 Republican presidential primary. Kasich received 1,098 votes (46.19 percent) ahead of Trump who garnered 1,053 votes (44.30 percent). U.S. Senator Ted Cruz of Texas finished third with 165 votes (6.94 percent).[50]

The town switched to a Representative Town Meeting style governance in 1949. The government consists of a three-member Board of Selectmen, a Representative Town Meeting (RTM), a Board of Finance, a Board of Education, a Planning and Zoning Commission, and various other commissions, boards, and committees.

Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 26, 2021[51]
Party Active voters Inactive voters Total voters Percentage
Democratic 8,495 729 9,224 42.51%
Republican 3,845 404 4,249 19.58%
Unaffiliated 7,289 731 8,020 36.97%
Minor parties 186 17 203 0.94%
Total 19,815 1,881 21,696 100%

Taxes

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As of 2019, the current mill rate of Westport is 16.86.[52]

Education

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Schools

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Public schools

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Staples High School

Staples High School is Westport's only public high school. Staples High School was ranked No. 1 for best high schools in Connecticut and 279th best nationwide."[53] The school is in the Staples neighborhood.

The district has two middle schools, Bedford Middle School and Coleytown Middle School. In September 2009, Bedford Middle School was awarded the government-honored Blue Ribbon Award. In 2020, Bedford Middle and Coleytown Middle schools were ranked No. 3 and No. 7 in the state, respectively.[54]

There are five elementary schools with a total of 2,556 students:

Private schools

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Greens Farms Academy, located in the 1920s Vanderbilt estate overlooking Long Island Sound, is a K–12 private preparatory school located in the Greens Farms section of town.

Media

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Westport's first newspaper dates back to the printing and publication of the first issue of The Saugatuck Journal on December 26, 1828.[15][60]

Westport is served by both English-language newspapers and news websites including Westport News[61] and WestportNow.[62] The town is also home to a monthly magazine Westport.

Infrastructure

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Transportation

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Interstate 95, the Merritt Parkway, and U.S. 1, as well as the Saugatuck River, run through Westport.

Westport has two train stations, Green's Farms and Westport on the Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line, which serves Stamford and Grand Central Terminal in New York City or New Haven-Union Station. This line is shared with Amtrak trains as it is part of the Northeast Corridor, but no Amtrak services stop at Green's Farms or Westport. The nearest Amtrak stations are at Bridgeport (10 miles) and Stamford (12 miles).

As of 2019, Westport has the highest per capita electric vehicle ownership among municipalities in Connecticut, and #3 overall.[63]

"Main to Train" study

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A recent initiative by residents of the Town of Westport, Connecticut, culminating in a 2019 report.[64] It is part of a greater interest to improve pedestrian and cyclist options from the major places of interest in town: downtown Westport to the Westport Train Station. This approximate two-mile stretch of road is most directly accessible via Post Road East (U.S. Route 1) to Riverside Avenue. The third iteration of the study will more specifically address ways in which this path can be improved for people not traveling by car; the first report considered the conditional state of the path and the second analyzed traffic conditions.

The Norwalk Transit District offers transit options.

Police department

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As of 2020, the Westport Police Department has a full-time complement of 64 sworn police officers that serve the Town of Westport.[65] This department has purchased electric and hybrid fleets.[66]

Fire department

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The town of Westport is protected by the paid, full-time firefighters of the Westport Fire Department. Established in 1929, the Westport Fire Department currently operates out of 4 fire stations, located throughout the town, and maintains a fire apparatus fleet of 6 Engines, (4 first line and 2 reserve) 1 truck, 1 rescue, 1 fireboat, 1 High Water Unit, 1 utility unit and 1 Shift Commander's unit. The fire department also holds the Fairfield County Hazardous Materials Truck, housed at Westport Fire Headquarters. The Westport Fire Department responds to, on average, approximately 4,000 emergency calls annually.[67]

Notable people

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Among the many actors, singers and other entertainers who have lived in town is Paul Newman who resided in Westport from 1960 until his death in 2008. His wife, Joanne Woodward, still resides in town.[68][69] Fala (1940–1952), President Franklin D. Roosevelt's dog, was an early Christmas gift from Mrs. Augustus G. Kellogg, a town resident.[70] Actress Grace Carney moved to Westport in 1979, when she became president of United Tool and Die, a company started by her father.[71] She died in the city in 2009.[72] Actress Gene Tierney grew up in Greens Farms.[73] Adult film star Marilyn Chambers grew up in Westport under her given name Marilyn Briggs. Martha Stewart also lived in Westport at her historic estate of Turkey Hill.[74] Jean Donovan, a lay Roman Catholic missioner martyred in El Salvador in 1980 grew up in Westport and graduated from Staples High School. She is honored on the litany of saints by the Lutheran World Federation and by The Anglican Communion. Academy Award winner Sandy Dennis lived in Westport until her death in 1992. Former FDA chief Scott Gottlieb is a resident of Westport.[75] Former FBI director, James Comey, was a long-time resident of the town.[76] Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald also lived in Westport around 1920.[77]

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Sister cities

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As of 2023, Westport has four sister cities:[86]

References

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  1. ^ "Board of Selectmen". Town of Westport, Connecticut. Archived from the original on January 10, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
  2. ^ "QuickFacts: Westport CDP, Connecticut". United States Census Bureau. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  3. ^ Coval, Amy (October 31, 2022). "Niche report: Two CT school districts among top 50 in the U.S." CT Insider.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Woody Klein; Westport Historical Society (Conn.) (May 2000). Westport, Connecticut: the story of a New England town's rise to prominence. Greenwood Press. pp. 1–15. ISBN 978-0-313-31126-0. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d Prevost, Lisa (January 7, 2001). "If You're Thinking of Living In/Green's Farms; A Country Atmosphere Near the Sound". New York Times. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
  6. ^ a b Richard Somerset-Ward (June 11, 2005). An American theatre: the story of Westport Country Playhouse, 1931–2005. Yale University Press. pp. 29, 237. ISBN 978-0-300-10648-0. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
  7. ^ R. H. Howard; Henry E. Crocker (1879). A history of New England: containing historical and descriptive sketches of the counties, cities and principal towns of the six New England states, including, in its list of contributors, more than sixty literary men and women, representing every county in New England. Crocker & co. p. 302. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
  8. ^ Mark Mayo Boatner (1975). Landmarks of the American Revolution: a guide to locating and knowing what happened at the sites of independence. Hawthorn Books. pp. 45–47. ISBN 9780801543906. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  9. ^ "Battle of Westport Commemoration Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  10. ^ Colley, Brent. "April 26, 1777 British Raid on Danbury, Connecticut". My Brother Sam Is Dead. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  11. ^ Connecticut State Library (1909). Bulletin. p. 50. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  12. ^ Woody Klein; Westport Historical Society (Conn.) (May 2000). Westport, Connecticut: the story of a New England town's rise to prominence. Greenwood Press. pp. 85–108. ISBN 978-0-313-31126-0. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  13. ^ James Jay Mapes (1853). Working farmer. Kingman & Cross. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  14. ^ a b c Time Inc (August 8, 1949). LIFE. Time Inc. p. 74. ISSN 0024-3019. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  15. ^ a b Woody Klein; Westport Historical Society (Conn.) (May 2000). Westport, Connecticut: the story of a New England town's rise to prominence. Greenwood Press. pp. 119–146. ISBN 978-0-313-31126-0. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  16. ^ United States. Congress (1871). Congressional edition. U.S. G.P.O. pp. 256–. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  17. ^ Lauraleigh O'Meara (August 2, 2002). Lost city: Fitzgerald's New York. Psychology Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-415-94055-9. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  18. ^ a b Woody Klein; Westport Historical Society (Conn.) (May 2000). Westport, Connecticut: the story of a New England town's rise to prominence. Greenwood Press. pp. 233–262. ISBN 978-0-313-31126-0. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  19. ^ a b Powell, Mike (2007). "Westport, Conn., Buying Guide". New York Times. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  20. ^ a b Ann Kerns (October 24, 2006). Martha Stewart. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-8225-6613-7. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  21. ^ James G. Gimpel; Jason E. Schuknecht (June 14, 2004). Patchwork Nation: Sectionalism and Political Change in American Politics. University of Michigan Press. pp. 217–. ISBN 978-0-472-03030-9. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  22. ^ Michael N. Danielson; Jameson W. Doig (October 3, 1983). New York: The Politics of Urban Regional Development. University of California Press. pp. 151–. ISBN 978-0-520-04551-4. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  23. ^ "Connecticut: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). United States Census 2010. U.S. Department of Commerce. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  24. ^ "Westport, CT (06880) Monthly Weather". weather.com. TWC Product and Technology LLC. Archived from the original on April 23, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
  25. ^ "Historical Weather Westport, CT Weather". Archived from the original on November 26, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
  26. ^ "Flood Map". Town of Westport. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  27. ^ "Home". Bedford Square. Archived from the original on June 19, 2016. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  28. ^ "Post Office in Greens Farms, CT - Hours and Location". www.postallocations.com. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
  29. ^ "MNR Stations". as0.mta.info. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
  30. ^ Woody Klein; Westport Historical Society (Conn.) (May 2000). Westport, Connecticut: the story of a New England town's rise to prominence. Greenwood Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-313-31126-0. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
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