WISEPC J140518.40+553421.4 (abbreviated WISE 1405+5534) is a brown dwarf of spectral class Y0 (pec?),[1][2] located in constellation Ursa Major at approximately 20.6 light-years from Earth.[4] It is one of the Sun's nearest neighbors.
| Observation data Epoch MJD 55545.11[1] Equinox J2000[1] | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Ursa Major |
| Right ascension | 14h 05m 18.27s[1] |
| Declination | 55° 34′ 21.22″[1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | Y0 (pec?)[1][2] |
| Apparent magnitude (J (MKO filter system)) | 20.20 ± 0.13[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (H (MKO filter system)) | 21.45 ± 0.41[1] |
| Astrometry | |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: −2263 ± 47[3] mas/yr Dec.: 288 ± 41[3] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 158.2 ± 2.6 mas[4] |
| Distance | 20.6 ± 0.3 ly (6.3 ± 0.1 pc) |
| Details | |
| Mass | 30[5] MJup |
| Radius | 0.86[5] RJup |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 5.0[5] cgs |
| Temperature | 350[5] K |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
  WISE 1405+5534 Location of WISE 1405+5534 in the constellation Ursa Major | |
Discovery
editWISE 1405+5534 was discovered in 2011 from data collected by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) in the infrared at a wavelength of 40 cm (16 in). WISE 1405+5534 has two discovery papers: Kirkpatrick et al. (2011) and Cushing et al. (2011), however, basically with the same authors and published nearly simultaneously.[1][5]
- Kirkpatrick et al. presented discovery of 98 new found by WISE brown dwarf systems with components of spectral types M, L, T and Y, among which also was WISE 1405+5534.[1][~ 1]
- Cushing et al. presented discovery of seven brown dwarfs—one of T9.5 type, and six of Y-type—first members of the Y spectral class, ever discovered and spectroscopically confirmed, including "archetypal member" of the Y spectral class WISE 1828+2650, and WISE 1405+5534.[5] These seven objects are also the faintest seven of 98 brown dwarfs, presented in Kirkpatrick et al. (2011).[1]
Distance
editAn older distance estimate of WISE 1405+5534 is a trigonometric parallax, measured using Spitzer Space Telescope and published in 2013 by Trent Dupuy and Adam Kraus: 0.129 ± 0.019 arcsec, corresponding to a distance 7.8+1.3
−1.0 pc, or 25.3+4.4
−3.2 ly.[3] Later the parallax was refined to 158.2±2.6 mas, showing that it is closer at about 6.3 pc, or 20.6 light years.[4]
WISE 1405+5534 distance estimates
| Source | Parallax, mas | Distance, pc | Distance, ly | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kirkpatrick et al. (2011), Table 6 | ~ 8.6 | ~ 28.0 | [1] | |
| Cushing et al. (2011), Table 7 | ~ 3.8 | ~ 12.4 | [5] | |
| Marsh et al. (2013) (according to Kirkpatrick et al. (2012)) |
207 ± 39 | 4.8+1.1 −0.8 |
15.8+3.7 −2.5 |
[2] |
| Marsh et al. (2013) | 133 ± 81 | >3.4[~ 2] | >11.1 | [6] |
| Dupuy & Kraus (2013) | 129 ± 19[~ 3] | 7.8+1.3 −1.0 |
25.3+4.4 −3.2 |
[3] |
Non-trigonometric distance estimates are marked in italic. The most precise estimate is marked in bold.
Space motion
editWISE 1405+5534 has a large proper motion of about 2281 milliarcseconds per year.[3]
WISE 1405+5534 proper motion estimates
| Source | μ, mas/yr |
P. A., ° |
μRA, mas/yr |
μDEC, mas/yr |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kirkpatrick et al. (2011) | 2693 | 272 | -2691 ± 292 | 95 ± 271 | [1] |
| Marsh et al. (2013) | 2307 | 275 | -2297 ± 96 | 212 ± 137 | [6] |
| Dupuy & Kraus (2013) | 2281 ± 48 | 277.3 ± 1.0 | −2263 ± 47 | 288 ± 41 | [3] |
The most accurate estimates are marked in bold.
Physical properties
editThe object's temperature estimate is 350 K [5] (about 77 °C / 170 °F). Its spectrum is similar with spectrum of another Y-dwarf WISE 1738+2732. However, WISE 1405+5534's spectrum has a red shift of H-band flux peak, suggesting that WISE 1405+5534 may be peculiar, therefore it is classified as Y0 (pec?).[2][5] One work has shown that models that include optically thin sulfides, KCl and Cr clouds fit the observed photometry of WISE 1405+5534 better. This is however a tentative result. At this low temperature of WISE 1405+5534 water should condense and form clouds.[7] Another team observed WISE 1405+5534 with the Very Large Array to search for radio emission coming from an aurora, but was not able to detect any.[8]
Variability
editWISE 1405+5534 was the first Y-dwarf with a detected variability. The discovery was made with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The Y-dwarf was observed in two epochs. The first epoch was a 24-hour-long observation and the second epoch was 149 days later and was also 24 hours long. The first epoch is only variable at 4.5 μm and the second epoch is variable in both 3.6 and 4.5 μm. This means that the variability changes on the timescale of months. The light curve in the second epoch had a semi-amplitude of 3.5% and a rotation period of 8.5 hours. A single bright spot reproduced the observations well. Other models that included clouds and hot spots were not able to reproduce the variability.[9]
See also
edit- List of Y-dwarfs
- List of star systems within 20–25 light-years
- WISE 0148-7202 (T9.5)
- WISE 0410+1502 (Y0)
- WISE 1541-2250 (Y0.5)
- WISE 1738+2732 (Y0)
- WISE 1828+2650 (≥Y2)
- WISE 2056+1459 (Y0)
Notes
edit- ^ These 98 brown dwarf systems are only among first, not all brown dwarf systems, discovered from data, collected by WISE: six discoveries were published earlier (however, also listed in Kirkpatrick et al. (2011)) in Mainzer et al. (2011) and Burgasser et al. (2011), and the other discoveries were published later.
- ^ In this parallax and distance estimates the distance value does not equal to inverse maximum likelihood parallax value, as would be in the case of exact parallax and distance values. This is due to the fact that Marsh et al. used a more sophisticated method of converting maximum likelihood parallaxes into most probable distances, that uses also some prior information, and not just the calculation of the inverse value. (The method description see in Marsh et al. (2013), Section 4).
- ^ Relative parallax.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Thompson, Maggie A.; Bauer, James M.; Benford, Dominic J.; Bridge, Carrie R.; Lake, Sean E.; Petty, Sara M.; Stanford, Spencer Adam; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Bailey, Vanessa; Beichman, Charles A.; Bloom, Joshua S.; Bochanski, John J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Capak, Peter L.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Hinz, Philip M.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Knox, Russell P.; Manohar, Swarnima; Masters, Daniel; Morales-Calderon, Maria; Prato, Lisa A.; Rodigas, Timothy J.; Salvato, Mara; Schurr, Steven D.; Scoville, Nicholas Z.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Stern, Daniel; Stock, Nathan D.; Vacca, William D. (2011). "The First Hundred Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 197 (2): 19. arXiv:1108.4677v1. Bibcode:2011ApJS..197...19K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19. S2CID 16850733.
- ^ a b c d Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, Chris G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv:1205.2122. Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156. S2CID 119279752.
- ^ a b c d e f Dupuy, T. J.; Kraus, A. L. (2013). "Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects". Science. 341 (6153): 1492–5. arXiv:1309.1422. Bibcode:2013Sci...341.1492D. doi:10.1126/science.1241917. PMID 24009359. S2CID 30379513.
- ^ a b c Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J.; Smart, R. L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Kuchner, Marc J. (2021). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20 pc Census of 525 L, T, and y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv:2011.11616. Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. S2CID 227126954.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, A.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, Lisa A.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Freedman, Richard S.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Wright, Edward L. (2011). "The Discovery of Y Dwarfs using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (1): 50. arXiv:1108.4678. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743...50C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50. S2CID 286881.
- ^ a b Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Eisenhardt, Peter R. (2013). "Parallaxes and Proper Motions of Ultracool Brown Dwarfs of Spectral Types Y and Late T". The Astrophysical Journal. 762 (2): 119. arXiv:1211.6977. Bibcode:2013ApJ...762..119M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/119. S2CID 42923100.
- ^ Morley, Caroline V.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Marley, Mark S.; Visscher, Channon; Saumon, Didier; Leggett, S. K. (2012-09-01). "Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 756 (2): 172. arXiv:1206.4313. Bibcode:2012ApJ...756..172M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/172. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Kao, Melodie M.; Hallinan, Gregg; Pineda, J. Sebastian (2019-08-01). "Constraints on magnetospheric radio emission from Y dwarfs". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 487 (2): 1994–2004. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.487.1994K. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1372. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Cushing, Michael C.; Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.; Trucks, Jesica L.; Morley, Caroline V.; Gizis, John E.; Marley, Mark S.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Carey, Sean J. (2016-06-01). "The First Detection of Photometric Variability in a Y Dwarf: WISE J140518.39+553421.3". The Astrophysical Journal. 823 (2): 152. arXiv:1602.06321. Bibcode:2016ApJ...823..152C. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/152. ISSN 0004-637X.