The voiced epiglottal affricate ([ʡ͡ʢ] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as an epiglottal stop [ʡ] and released as a voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]. For more releases, is initiated as epiglottal stop, voiced epiglottal fricative and a alveolar click. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.
| Voiced epiglottal affricate | |
|---|---|
| ʡʢ | |
| ʡʢ! | |
| IPA Number | 173 174 |
| Audio sample | |
Features edit
Features of the voiced epiglottal affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence edit
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haida | Hydaburg dialect[1] | [example needed] | May be a stop [ʡ] or voiceless affricate [ʡʜ] instead.[1] | ||
| Somali | cad | [ʡʢaʔ͡t] | 'white' | Only pronounced as [ʡʢ] when 'c' occurs initially, otherwise realized as [ʡ][2] | |
Notes edit
- ^ a b Mithun (2001), p. 18.
- ^ Edmondson, Jerold A.; Esling, John H.; Harris, Jimmy G. Supraglottal cavity shape, linguistic register, and other phonetic features of Somali (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
References edit
- Mithun, Marianne (2001). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052129875X.