The creaky-voiced glottal approximant is a consonant sound in some languages. In the IPA, it is transcribed as ⟨ʔ̞⟩, ⟨ʔ̰⟩, or ⟨ʔ̬⟩.[1] It involves tension in the glottis and diminution of airflow, compared to surrounding vowels, but not full occlusion.
| Creaky-voiced glottal approximant | |
|---|---|
| ʔ̞ | |
| ʔ̰ | |
| ʔ̬ | |
| Audio sample | |
Features
editFeatures of the creaky-voiced glottal approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but not enough to produce a turbulent airstream.
- Its phonation is creaky-voiced.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
editIt is an intervocalic allophone of a glottal stop in many languages.
| Language | Family | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gimi | Papuan | ogo | /oʔ̞o/ | 'a grub' | It is reported to be contrastive in which it is phonologically the voiced equivalent of the glottal stop /ʔ/.[2] Indicated as /ʔ/ by one author.[3] |
| Tundra Nenets | Samoyedic | [example needed] | [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Kehrein, Wolfgang; Golston, Chris (2005). "A prosodic theory of laryngeal contrasts". Phonology. 21 (3): 325–357. doi:10.1017/S0952675704000302. S2CID 62734231.
- ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 77–78. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- ^ Gimi Organised Phonology Data. [Manuscript] [1]
- ^ Katz, Hartmut. 1975. Generative Phonologie und phonologische Sprachbunde des Ostjakischen und Samojedischen. (Münchener Universit"ats-Schriften, Finnisch-ugrische Bibliothek, 1.) München: Universit"at München.
- ^ Tereshchenko, N. M. 1966. Neneckij jazyk. In Lytkin, V. I. and Majtinskaja, K. E. (eds.), Jazyki narodov SSSR. Volume 3: Finno-ugorskie i samodijskie jazyki, 376–395. Moscow / Leningrad: Nauka.
- ^ Décsy, Gyula. 1966. Yurak Chrestomathy. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 50.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ^ Hajdú, Peter. 1963. The Samoyed Peoples and Languages. (Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, 14.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ^ Ristinen, Elaine K. 1965. On the Phonemes of Nenets. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 40. 22–44.
- ^ Ristinen, Elaine K. 1968. Problems Concerning Vowel Length in Nenets. Ural-Altaisches Journal 40. 22–44.
- ^ Colarusso (2012), p. 2.
References
edit- Colarusso, John (2012), The Typology of the Gutturals (PDF)