Vincent Richard Impellitteri (born Vincenzo Impellitteri; February 4, 1900 – January 29, 1987) was an Italian-American politician and judge who served as the 101st Mayor of New York City from 1950 to 1953. He was elected as a Democrat and president of the City Council in 1945 and reelected in 1949. When Mayor William O'Dwyer resigned in 1950, he became acting mayor. He lost the Democratic primary for the nomination for the rest of the term but was subsequently elected mayor on a new ticket, the "Experience Party". He lost the Democratic primary when he ran for a full term in 1953 and became a judge in 1954.[1]
Vincent R. Impellitteri | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Impelliteri in 1951 | |
| 101st Mayor of New York City | |
| In office November 14, 1950 – December 31, 1953 Acting: August 31, 1950 – November 14, 1950 | |
| Preceded by | William O'Dwyer |
| Succeeded by | Robert F. Wagner, Jr. |
| President of the New York City Council | |
| In office January 1, 1946 – August 31, 1950 | |
| Preceded by | Newbold Morris |
| Succeeded by | Joseph T. Sharkey (acting) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Vincenzo Impellitteri February 4, 1900 Isnello, Sicily, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | January 29, 1987 (aged 86) Bridgeport, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Resting place | Mount Saint Peter Catholic Cemetery, Derby, Connecticut |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse |
Elizabeth Agnes McLaughlin
(m. 1926; died 1967) |
| Education | Fordham University (LL.B.) |
| Profession | Attorney |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1917–1919 (active) |
| Rank | Petty officer third class |
| Unit | USS Stockton |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
Early life
editBorn Vincenzo Impellitteri[2] in Isnello, Sicily, he moved with his family to the United States as an infant in 1901. They settled in Ansonia, Connecticut, where Impellitteri spent most of his youth. He was a Catholic. He enlisted in the United States Navy for World War I. He served as a radioman with the rank of petty officer third class on board the destroyer USS Stockton, which was based in Queenstown, Ireland, and performed convoy escort and antisubmarine duty.[3] He left the Navy after the war and became a U.S. citizen in 1922. After that, Impellitteri attended the Fordham University School of Law (where he received his LL.B. in 1924) while working successively as a night bellboy and manager at a Broadway hotel. He married Elizabeth (Betty) Agnes McLaughlin in 1926.
Start of career
editFollowing his admission to the bar, he worked in private practice alongside influential Democratic attorney Martin Thomas Conboy Jr. He served as a state Assistant District Attorney from 1929 to 1938. After returning to private practice for three years as a specialist in criminal law, he served as legal secretary to New York Supreme Court Justice Peter Schmuck, later moving to the chambers of Joseph A. Gavagan in an analogous role. He was reportedly a close associate of gangster Tommy Lucchese, who helped Impellitteri's rise in politics.[4] On the other hand, a report in the New York World-Telegram indicated that Impelliteri opposed organized crime and corruption and had failed to rise through the city Democratic Party's ranks because he had "the injudicious good taste to snub Frank Costello", the gambler and racketeer who was said to control the Tammany Hall organization behind the scenes.
In 1945, Mayor William O'Dwyer picked Impellitteri to run for President of the City Council on the Tammany Hall slate. He ran on the Democratic and American Labor Party lines in 1945, but when he was up for reelection in 1949, he ran on the Democratic Party line alone.
According to historian Robert Caro, Impelliteri was drafted into his first elected role by Democratic Party leadership, who selected his name from a municipal employee directory. The party was seeking an Italian American Manhattan resident to bring balance to the citywide ticket and thought an employee in his position would be easy to persuade on political matters.[5]
Mayor of New York City
editOn August 31, 1950, O'Dwyer, pursued by both federal and state investigators, was suddenly appointed by President Harry S. Truman as United States ambassador to Mexico, where he would be beyond the reach of officials who wanted his public testimony in several matters on which he preferred not to speak. Under the City Charter of the era, City Council President Impellitteri became acting mayor upon O'Dwyer's resignation. The Tammany Hall bosses determined that Impellitteri was unsuitable for the role and refused to nominate him as the Democratic candidate for the special election in November 1950; instead, highly regarded New York State Supreme Court Judge Ferdinand Pecora, who was also given the Liberal Party line, ran as the nominee. Impellitteri ignored the machine and ran independently under the new "Experience Party" banner. He also popularized the slogan "unbought and unbossed" during his 1950 campaign.[6]
Impellitteri was the first mayor since the consolidation of greater New York in 1898 who was elected without a major party's ballot line, and his election was a populist uprising against the political system.[citation needed] The results were:
- Vincent Impellitteri (Experience Party) 1,161,175 votes
- Ferdinand Pecora (Democratic/Liberal) 935,351
- Edward Corsi (Republican) 382,372
- Paul L. Ross (American Labor) 147,578
Impellitteri's inauguration, held on November 14, 1950, absent either a band or a platform, was swift and straightforward. Outside City Hall, he pledged to "do my level best to justify the confidence you have reposed in me."[citation needed]
Shortly after Impellitteri's succession, the Kings County District Attorney arrested bookmaker Harry Gross in September 1950 as part of a corruption investigation that caused nearly 500 police officers of all ranks to resign, retire, or be fired. Impellitteri opposed the corruption, vigorously supporting the Brooklyn District Attorney, Miles McDonald, and firing anyone in his administration associated with former Mayor William O'Dwyer.[7]
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Impellitteri is credited with trying to rein in the budget, raising the bus and subway fare to fifteen cents, establishing parking meters on city streets for enhanced revenue, and increasing the sales tax. He aspired to be a new light in city politics, but his administration met with some resistance from the established order. At the time, Robert Moses wielded significant influence; according to Robert Caro (in his Moses biography The Power Broker), Impellitteri deferred to Moses on all matters of appointments and policy and is described as a puppet on Robert Moses' strings.[5] The Italian author Carlo Levi documented the mayor's 1950 visit to his birthplace in Sicily. [8][9]
Impellitteri ran for a full term in 1953. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by then Manhattan Borough President Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Although New York City Comptroller Lazarus Joseph usually sided in the New York City Board of Estimate with Impellitteri during the latter's term in office, Joseph supported Wagner for the Democratic nomination.[10]
Later career and retirement
editAfter becoming mayor, Wagner appointed Impelliteri a New York City Criminal Court judge. He retired from the bench in 1965. Following the death of his wife in 1967, he lived at the New York Athletic Club's City House on Central Park South. After he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 1983, he maintained his Athletic Club residence but primarily resided in convalescent homes, most notably the Carolton Convalescent Hospital in Fairfield, Connecticut.
Philanthropy
editImpelliteri became a patron of The Lambs Club[11]: 192 in 1949.[12]
Death and burial
editHe died of heart failure[13] on January 29, 1987, at Bridgeport Hospital in Bridgeport, Connecticut.[14] Impellitteri was buried at Mount Saint Peter Catholic Cemetery in Derby, Connecticut.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Kenneth T. Jackson, Encyclopedia of New York City (2010) p 644
- ^ Birth record of Vincenzo Impellitteri
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. Bronx, NY: H. W. Wilson Company. 1952. p. 293.
- ^ Soffer, Jonathan (2010). Ed Koch and the Rebuilding of New York City. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-231-15032-3.
- ^ a b Caro, Robert (1974). The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Knopf. pp. 787–798. ISBN 978-0-394-48076-3. OCLC 834874.
- ^ "Impellitteri Cited as 'Unbossed' Man". The New York Times. New York, NY. October 30, 1950. p. 17 – via TimesMachine.
- ^ McCarthy, Kevin (2016). "Chapter 6: The Harry Gross-Era Scandal". Cops in Court: Assessing the Criminal Prosecutions of Police in Six Major Scandals in the New York City Police Department from 1894 to 1994 (Doctor of Philosophy thesis). City University of New York. OCLC 10017975. ProQuest 1767788718. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
- ^ Levi, Carlo (1958). Words Are Stones: Impressions of Sicily. New York: Farrar, Strass & Cudahy. ISBN 9781843914044. (Translation by Angus Davidson of Le Parole Sono Pietre: Tre Giornate in Sicilia, 1955.)
- ^ Scambray, Ken (August 31, 2017). "Words are Stone: Impressions of Sicily by Carlo Levi". L'Italo-Americano. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Egan, Leo (September 10, 1953). "Joseph to Support Wagner In Primary As A 'Sure' Winner". The New York Times. New York, NY. p. 1 – via TimesMachine.
- ^ Hardee, Lewis J. Jr. (2010) [1st pub. 2006]. The Lambs Theatre Club (softcover) (2nd ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7864-6095-3.
In April 1949, the club held a big Diamond Jubilee gambol at the Hotel Astor Ballroom. Mayor Vincent Impelliteri was honorary collie.
- ^ "The Lambs". the-lambs.org. The Lambs, Inc. 6 November 2015. (Member Roster 'I'). Retrieved December 4, 2021.
- ^ Vincent Impellitteri is Dead; Mayor of New York in 1950s. New York Times. Retrieved 19 Jul 2024.
- ^ Mcfadden, Robert D. (January 30, 1987). "Vincent Impellitteri Is Dead. Mayor Of New York In 1950s". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-03-17.
Further reading
edit- Levi, Carlo. Words are Stones (1958), essay, Part One.
- Lagumina, Salvator. New York at Mid-Century: The Impellitteri Years (1992), scholarly biography; highly favorable
- Moscow, Warren. The last of the big-time bosses: The life and times of Carmine De Sapio and the rise and fall of Tammany Hall (1971), highly negative