Not quite sure how you ended up here; make yourself at home though :-)

You're probably already wondering what my new username, PecMo, means. Well, it's exactly what's in front of you: the pectoralis major muscle, and this isn't just another muscle to memorize for its origin, insertion and action. It was the answer to a head-scratcher in anatomy class that left everyone else stumped. That first taste of triumph in med school? It was unforgettable, and PecMo is my way of keeping that feeling close.
My sandboxes
User:PecMo/sandbox
Primary
User:PecMo/sandbox2
Secondary
User:PecMo/sandbox3
Tertiary
Some of my uploads from ncbi
A section of the tibial epiphysis of a 19 day-old rat stained with von Kossa (This stain visualizes calcium deposits in bone as black to identify areas of mineralization) and counterstained with toluidine blue. Bone tissue at the upper portion consists of narrow trabeculae that are continuous with the radially oriented calcified longitudinal septa of the hypertrophic cartilage. The overall radial organization of the trabeculae at this region gave the bone marrow a “bicycle wheel” pattern 🛞🎡⚙️.[1]
A schematic for endochondral ossification of long bones:[2]
  1. Primary endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a chondrocyte template. Afterwards, chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy beginning from the mid-diaphysis, eventually extending to the epiphyseal poles, vasculature invades the forming bone transporting mesenchymal stromal cells and hypertrophic cells undergo apoptosis. Mesenchymal stromal cells differentiate into osteoblasts and then osteocytes.
  2. Secondary ossification occurs at the epiphysis post-natally and bone formation initiates at the center and extends peripherally.
Examples of microvascular diseases.
From actin's dynamic scaffolding to the selective gates of nephrin, podocyte proteins orchestrate the delicate choreography of renal filtration.
Intracerebral metabolism of iron and its neuro‐bioavailability.
TRPC5-mediated chemoresistance:[3]
  1. TRPC5 overexpression activates the transcription factor NFATC3 Ca2+ signaling pathway, leading to p-glycoprotein (p-gp) overexpression. Moreover, the overexpressed p-gp expels chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin triggering chemoresistance.
  2. Chemoresistant breast cancer cells overexpressing TRPC5 transfer channel units to chemo sensitive recipient cells via extracellular vesicles (EV), leading to the development of TRPC5-mediated chemoresistance in these cells.
As shown in the left portion of the figure, angiotensin II (Ang II) activates phospholipase C (PLC), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). DAG activates TRPC6 channels, and IP3 binds to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum. Both DAG and IP3 lead to increased cytosolic calcium concentration. This, in turn, leads to activation of BK channels, and subsequently K+ efflux. The upper side of the figure illustrates that TRPC6 interaction with podocyte-specific proteins such as nephrin, podocin and CD2AP allows this channel to be mechanosensitive, and hence TRPC6 channels can be activated by both chemical and mechanical stimuli.
Some of my personal opinions

Biochemistry

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Despite general interest in most branches of medicine, one particular field in which I more or less have no interest at all is biochemistry. I intended to discuss either my personal perspective or that shared by the majority of medical students I’ve encountered, until I stumbled across this study,[4] where 317 medical graduates of King’s College London were asked about perceptions of how well their pre-clinical coursework prepared them for the practical realities of medical practice. One specific evaluation point was the perceived accuracy and relevance of the factual content delivered in various core pre-clinical courses.

Not so surprisingly, four out of five doctors (79.5%) reported an overabundance of clinically irrelevant factual biochemistry in their undergraduate medical education, compared to only 9.5% thinking the same about physiology. A 1974 Nuffield Foundation meeting started by saying that "Biochemistry as a subject, was difficult and had little relevance to medicine", and it is irrational to claim that memorizing the arcane details of biochemistry is paramount for effective patient care, ignoring the reality that most of what medical students are taught vanishes into the ether by year three or four.[5]

I remember when I was editing the TRPC6 article (a cation channel present on the surface of many cells in the body), and I read a lot on the role of this channel both physiologically and pathologically. Then, I found an article discussing the structure of this channel. So I dove headfirst, devouring info on its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. But then, a pesky thought interrupted my scholarly feast: Does any of this actually matter at the level of non-expert medical students? Sadly, the answer seems to be a resounding nada.

What’s the solution, I hear you ask? The solution is for medical school biochemistry departments to reorient their focus towards equipping future doctors rather than solely preparing them for professional biochemistry careers. This necessitates designing the core curriculum around specifically tailored content directly applicable to medical practice.[6]

N.B.: This content was created with the support of AI language models including Google's Bard and ChatGPT.

  1. ^ Fernández-Iglesias, Á; Fuente, R; Gil-Peña, H; Alonso-Durán, L; Santos, F; López, JM (18 January 2021). "The Formation of the Epiphyseal Bone Plate Occurs via Combined Endochondral and Intramembranous-Like Ossification". International journal of molecular sciences. 22 (2). doi:10.3390/ijms22020900. PMC 7830543. PMID 33477458. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  2. ^ Aghajanian, P; Mohan, S (2018). "The art of building bone: emerging role of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in endochondral ossification". Bone research. 6: 19. doi:10.1038/s41413-018-0021-z. PMC 6002476. PMID 29928541. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  3. ^ Soussi, M; Hasselsweiller, A; Gkika, D (12 September 2023). "TRP Channels: The Neglected Culprits in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Resistance?". Membranes. 13 (9). doi:10.3390/membranes13090788. PMC 10536409. PMID 37755210. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  4. ^ Clack, GB (September 1994). "Medical graduates evaluate the effectiveness of their education". Medical education. 28 (5): 418–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02553.x. PMID 7845261.
  5. ^ Wood, E. J. (1 April 1996). "How much biochemistry should a good doctor know? A biochemist's viewpoint". Biochemical Education. 24 (2): 82–85. doi:10.1016/0307-4412(96)88959-X.
  6. ^ Cohen, R.D. (April 1996). "How much biochemistry should a medical student be taught? — The viewpoint of the General Medical Council". Biochemical Education. 24 (2): 80–82. doi:10.1016/0307-4412(96)00037-4.