Evelyn Straus (June 22, 1916 – March 10, 1992) was an American photojournalist and the first woman employed as a photographer at the Daily News in New York City. She was one of the first women admitted to the National Press Photographers Association in 1945 and joined the Press Photographers Association of New York City in 1952 as soon as they allowed women as members. During her career, she was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Photography and had work featured at the Museum of Modern Art.
Evelyn Straus | |
|---|---|
 Straus in 1962 | |
| Born | June 22, 1916 Brooklyn, New York, US |
| Died | March 10, 1992 (aged 75) Southampton, New York, US |
| Occupation | photojournalist |
| Years active | 1942–1975 |
Early life and education
editEvelyn Straus was born on June 22, 1916, in Brooklyn, New York, to Dorothy C. and William R. Straus. She had an older brother, William Leroy Straus.[1][2] From a young age, she developed an interest in photography, when an uncle bought her a camera and taught her how to use it.[3] By the age of twelve or thirteen, she was experimenting with a photographic enlarger and had her own darkroom set up in her home.[4][5] She began her secondary education at Franklin K. Lane High School in New York City, but transferred to Hempstead High School in 1931, when her family relocated to Nassau County, New York.[1] After graduating from high school in 1933,[6] Straus attended the Nassau County Collegiate Center for three years, and competed in sports, being named "Best Girl Athlete" at the school in 1937.[1][7] She majored in liberal arts and social sciences, and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree.[1][3][8]
Career
edit
Straus began working at the Daily News in New York City in the advertising department in 1938 and later worked in the publicity department.[1][8] During World War II many of the male photographers working in the press went overseas, opening opportunities for women.[9] In 1942, Straus was transferred to become a trainee in news photography. She was the first woman the Daily News employed as part of their photography staff.[5][8] She covered all types of stories, from politics to society, natural disasters to social movements, and general assignments to features. When asked if she needed special skills to do the job, Straus advised that other than athleticism, the job required customized wearing apparel. High heels and flat shoes were impractical, so she wore a walking shoe with a medium heel.[3] She also had her clothes custom tailored to ensure that there were adequate pockets to carry personal items as well as film and flashbulbs.[3][10]
In July 1945, four months after the National Press Photographers Association was founded, Straus joined the organization along with five other women — Margaret Hazel of The Louisville Times, Adelaide Leavy of ACME Newspictures, Sodelvia Rihn of the Baltimore News-Post, Lucille Tandy of The San Diego Tribune and Libby Whitman of The Canton Repository.[11] In 1952, still the only woman camera operator at the Daily News, Straus joined the Press Photographers Association of New York City, when they admitted women.[12] The following year, her photograph, Panhandling Costello was among the six finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Photography, though she lost to William M. Gallagher.[13] One of her most iconic photographs appeared on the front page of the Daily News during the labor strikes that plagued William O'Dwyer's term as mayor from 1946 to 1949.[1][14] It featured O'Dwyer mopping his brow during union negotiations.[1] When Bob Warner did a series featuring women news photographers in the early 1960s for Editor & Publisher, he estimated that there were only about twenty full-time camerawomen in the news business at that time. Straus was one of them.[15] Straus was well-known in political and celebrity circles and had work included in the 1973 exhibit, From the Picture Press at the Museum of Modern Art.[1][16] She worked at the Daily News until her retirement in 1975.[1]
Personal life
editWhen Straus retired, she moved to Montauk, New York, with her long-time partner Margaret "Peggy" Moffatt.[1] Moffatt had been born in Nainital, India, while her parents were serving as missionaries there from 1920 to 1945. She attended Yakima High School in Yakima, Washington, and earned a nursing certification. She worked at the American Lake Veterans' Hospital in Pierce County, Washington, in the 1950s,[17][18] but had moved to New York City in the 1960s, where she was employed as a nurse at Southampton Hospital.[1] From 1967, the two women were vacationing together in Montauk at a cottage they kept on South Endicott Place in Lower Shepherds Neck and steadily entertained Moffatt's family members.[19][20][21]
Death and legacy
editStraus died at the Southampton Hospital on Long Island, New York, on March 10, 1992.[1][22] She is remembered for her pioneering role as a photojournalist and one of the few women to enter the field in the United States in the 1940s.[23]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Southampton Press 1992, p. 12.
- ^ US Census 1930, p. 1B.
- ^ a b c d Warner 1962, p. 60.
- ^ Warner 1962, p. 61.
- ^ a b Neumark 1943, p. 21.
- ^ Brooklyn Times-Union 1933, p. 9.
- ^ North Shore Daily Journal 1937, p. 12.
- ^ a b c Price 1942, p. 20.
- ^ Hermann & Press Photographers Assn. 2015, p. 8.
- ^ Hermann & Press Photographers Assn. 2015, p. 31.
- ^ Thomas 2007, p. 90.
- ^ Editor & Publisher 1952, p. 58.
- ^ Fischer 2000, p. xxxii.
- ^ Samuels 2019.
- ^ Thomas 2007, pp. 39–40.
- ^ Szarkowski 1973, p. 86.
- ^ The Times-Union 1939, p. 12.
- ^ The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 1950, p. 11.
- ^ George 1967, p. 5.
- ^ George 1968, p. 5.
- ^ George 1971, p. 5.
- ^ The State 1966, p. 9.
- ^ Hermann & Press Photographers Assn. 2015, pp. 8, 31–32.
Bibliography
edit- Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich (2000). Fischer, Heinz-Dietrich; Fischer, Erika J. (eds.). Press Photography Award 1942–1998: From Joe Rosenthal and Horst Faas to Moneta Sleet and Stan Grossfeld. The Pulitzer Prize Archive: A History and Anthology of Award Winning Materials in Journalism, Letters, and Arts. Vol. 14. Munich, Germany: K. G. Saur Verlag. ISBN 3-598-30184-7.
- George, Elsa M. (November 2, 1967). "Montauk" (PDF). The East Hampton Star. East Hampton, New York. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Old Fulton: New York Post Cards.
- George, Elsa M. (June 20, 1968). "Montauk" (PDF). The East Hampton Star. East Hampton, New York. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Old Fulton: New York Post Cards.
- George, Elsa M. (September 9, 1971). "Montauk" (PDF). The East Hampton Star. East Hampton, New York. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Old Fulton: New York Post Cards.
- Hermann, Marc A.; New York Press Photographers Association (2015). New York Press Photographers. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4396-5340-1.
- Neumark, Martha (January 1943). "Women in the News". The American Jewish Times. Vol. 8, no. 5. Greensboro, North Carolina. p. 21. OCLC 1037874627. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
- Price, Jack (October 24, 1942). "N. Y. Daily News Training Girl Photographer". Editor & Publisher. 75 (43). New York, New York: Editor & Publisher Company: 20. ISSN 0013-094X. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- Samuels, David (October 2019). "The Mayor and the Mob". Smithsonian Magazine. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISSN 0037-7333. Archived from the original on April 4, 2021.
O'Dwyer came into office facing challenges that would have made even an experienced mayor blanch—a tugboat workers strike, a looming transit strike and a shortage of city funds—and he solved them all.
- Szarkowski, John (1973). From the Picture Press (PDF). New York City, New York: The Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 978-0-87070-334-8.
- Thomas, Margaret Frances (2007). Through the Lens of Experience: American Women Newspaper Photographers (PDF) (PhD). Austin, Texas: University of Texas. OCLC 182846545. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
- Warner, Bob (May 26, 1962). "Ladies and Lenses – Evelyn Straus". Editor & Publisher. 95 (21). New York, New York: Editor & Publisher Company: 60–61. ISSN 0013-094X. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- "1930 US Census: Hempstead Village, Nassau County, New York: William R. Straus". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 3, 1930. p. 1B. NARA microfilm series T626, roll 1457, lines 69–72. Retrieved February 4, 2022.(subscription required)
- "Dorothy Dean Is Most Popular Girl: Oyster Bay Student Honored at Nassau College" (PDF). North Shore Daily Journal. Flushing, New York. March 29, 1937. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Old Fulton: New York Post Cards.
- "Evelyn P. Straus" (PDF). Southampton Press. Southampton, New York. March 26, 1992. p. 12. Retrieved February 3, 2022 – via NYS Historic Newspapers.
- "Hempstead High to Graduate 357 in Record Class". Brooklyn Times-Union. Brooklyn, New York. June 27, 1933. p. 9. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Missionary Dr. Moffatt Succumbs". The State. Columbia, South Carolina. October 5, 1966. p. 9. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Mrs. Elbert M. Moffatt, Noted Methodist Missioner". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. June 16, 1950. p. 11. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Student Comes from India" (PDF). The Times-Union. Rochester, New York. October 27, 1939. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 4, 2022 – via Old Fulton: New York Post Cards.
- "The Swearing". Editor & Publisher. 85 (48). New York, New York: Editor & Publisher Company: 58. November 22, 1952. ISSN 0013-094X. Retrieved February 3, 2022.