Akola (/əˈkoʊlɑː/) is a major city in the Vidarbha region of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The third largest city in Eastern Maharashtra after Nagpur and Amravati, it is located about 580 kilometres (360 mi) east of the state capital, Mumbai, and 250 kilometres (160 mi) west of the second capital, Nagpur. Akola is the administrative headquarters of the Akola district located in the Amravati division.
Akola | |
---|---|
City and District Headquarter | |
Clockwise from top: Salasar Balaji Temple, Akola Fort, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Headquarters, Clocktower | |
Nicknames: The Cotton City,[1] Rajrajeshwar Nagari | |
Coordinates: 20°42′N 77°00′E / 20.7°N 77.00°E | |
Country | ![]() |
State | ![]() |
District | Akola |
Named for | Maharaja Akolsingh |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor-Council |
• Body | Akola Municipal Corporation |
• Mayor | Archana Masne |
• District Collector | Ajit Kumbhar (IAS)[2] |
• Municipal Commissioner | Kavita Dwiwedi (IAS) |
Area | |
• Total | 124 km2 (48 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 324 m (1,063 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 287 m (942 ft) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 427,146 |
• Rank | IN: 84th MH: 14th |
• Density | 3,434/km2 (8,890/sq mi) |
Demonyms | Akolekar |
Language | |
• Official | Marathi |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 444001, 444002, 444003, 444004, 444005, 444006, 444007, 444104, 444109, 444302 |
Telephone code | 0724[3] |
Vehicle registration | MH-30 |
Literacy | 91.9% |
Sex ratio | 0.958 |
HDI | High[4] |
Website | https://akola.gov.in/ |
Akola is located on the banks of the Morna River. Although it is not considered a common tourist destination, Akola is an important city due to its history, culture, politics, and agriculture. It also has a prominent road and rail junction in the Tapti River valley that functions as a commercial trading centre.
Akola is an important educational centre with several colleges affiliated with Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. The city is developing into a market centre. The primary language spoken by the people of Akola is Marathi.
History
editEarly medieval history (Classical)
editAkola is mentioned to be a part of Berar province and the legendary kingdom of Vidarbha in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata.[5]
Late medieval history
editA period of Muslim rule began when Alauddin Khalji, Sultan of Delhi, conquered the region in the early 14th century. The region was part of the Bahmani Sultanate, which broke away from the Delhi Sultanate in the middle of the 14th century. The Bahmani Sultanate itself broke up into smaller sultanates at the end of the 15th century, and in 1572 Berar became part of the Nizam Shahi sultanate, based at Ahmednagar. The Nizam Shahis ceded Berar to the Mughal Empire in 1595, and the Mughals ruled the Berar province during the 17th century. The Akola fort was heavily fortified during Mughal king Aurangzeb's rule.[6] As Mughal rule started to unravel at the start of the 18th century, Asif Jah I, Nizam of Hyderabad seized the southern provinces of the empire (including Berar) in 1724 to form an independent state.[7]
Maratha Empire
editThe Battle of Argaon in 1803 was fought in Akola between the British and the Marathas during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. In the third Anglo-Maratha War, the last Peshwa, Baji Rao II, was defeated. In 1853, the Akola district together with the rest of Berar, came under the administration of the British East India Company.[8]
Post-independence
editAfter India's independence in 1947 from the British Government, the newly formed country was divided into different states. The Congress's proposed linguistic provinces plan before the Independence of India had positioned Akola as the headquarters of the Berar region.[9][10]
Demographics
editYear | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1981 | 225,412 | — |
1991 | 328,043 | +45.5% |
2001 | 400,520 | +22.1% |
2011 | 427,146 | +6.6% |
Source: Census of India[11] |
According to the 2011 Census of India,[12] Akola City had a population of 425,817 and an area of about 128 square kilometres (49 sq mi). After the city's municipal limits were extended in Aug 2016, it was recorded to have a population of 537,137.
Year | Male | Female | Total Population | Change |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001[13] | 206649 | 193871 | 400520 | - |
2011[14] | 217393 | 208424 | 425817 | 0.063 |
Geography and climate
editClimate data for Akola (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 38.2 (100.8) |
40.5 (104.9) |
44.4 (111.9) |
47.0 (116.6) |
47.8 (118.0) |
47.2 (117.0) |
40.6 (105.1) |
40.0 (104.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
38.9 (102.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
47.8 (118.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
33.2 (91.8) |
37.4 (99.3) |
41.0 (105.8) |
42.4 (108.3) |
37.5 (99.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.4 (90.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
34.5 (94.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.4 (79.5) |
24.5 (76.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.3 (73.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
21 (70) |
Record low °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
2.2 (36.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.6 (0.42) |
5.5 (0.22) |
14.2 (0.56) |
4.2 (0.17) |
10.1 (0.40) |
146.8 (5.78) |
215 (8.5) |
181.8 (7.16) |
137.7 (5.42) |
42.5 (1.67) |
11.8 (0.46) |
3.1 (0.12) |
783.4 (30.84) |
Average rainy days | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 7.4 | 12.4 | 9.9 | 7.0 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 44.9 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 37 | 27 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 46 | 67 | 72 | 65 | 47 | 45 | 41 | 62 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[16][17] |
Climate data for Akola Airport (1981–2010, extremes 1961–2002) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 35.4 (95.7) |
40.5 (104.9) |
43.0 (109.4) |
45.9 (114.6) |
47.7 (117.9) |
46.9 (116.4) |
40.5 (104.9) |
36.8 (98.2) |
38.4 (101.1) |
39.0 (102.2) |
35.5 (95.9) |
35.7 (96.3) |
47.7 (117.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.9 (85.8) |
32.4 (90.3) |
37.2 (99.0) |
41.0 (105.8) |
42.4 (108.3) |
37.7 (99.9) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.7 (92.7) |
31.6 (88.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
15.8 (60.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.8 (51.4) |
5.1 (41.2) |
4.4 (39.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 13.8 (0.54) |
9.9 (0.39) |
11.9 (0.47) |
3.9 (0.15) |
13.0 (0.51) |
150.4 (5.92) |
212.6 (8.37) |
183.3 (7.22) |
122.4 (4.82) |
68.0 (2.68) |
15.9 (0.63) |
7.0 (0.28) |
812.1 (31.97) |
Average rainy days | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 7.2 | 10.8 | 9.9 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 42.9 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 37 | 32 | 23 | 18 | 21 | 44 | 66 | 71 | 62 | 47 | 40 | 39 | 41 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[16][17] |
Governance
editPolice administration
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2020) |
Akola Police maintains eight police stations in the Akola city subdivision that cover the metropolitan area of the city.[18]
The government also approved the creation of a new Railway Police Akola subdivision that will include Akola, Wardha, and Badnera railway police units. The Akola Police subdivision falls under the Nagpur District of Railway.[19]
Transportation
editAir
editAkola Airport (also known as Shioni Airport) (IATA: AKD, ICAO: VAAK) is the domestic airport of Akola and is 304 metres (999 ft) above sea level. It was built by British authorities in the 1940s and regularly sent flights to Mumbai. Now it is non-functional and has one runway (4,600×145 ft). The airport's expansion and use have been delayed as it is unable to get land from the university of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth.[20]
Rail
editAkola Junction is the main railway station in the city. This railway station lies on the Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line and comes under Central Railway zone of Indian Railways.
Road
editNH-6, which connects Surat to Kolkata, passes through the city. State Highways No. 68 and 69 also pass through the municipal limits. Other highways include State Highway 204, State Highway 200: Akola – Amravati, and State Highway 197. NH-161 begins from Akola and reaches in Telangana near Hyderabad.[21]
Education
editAgricultural university
editAkola houses Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (PDKV), whose jurisdiction covers all eleven districts of Vidarbha.[22]
Medical science colleges
editEngineering colleges
editNotable people
edit- Vasantrao Deshpande
- Anand Modak
- Vijay P. Bhatkar
- Patrick Barr
- Hasnain Aaqib
- Vitthal Wagh
- Sudharak Olwe
- Shivdeep Lande
- Ranjit Patil
- Sanjay Shamrao Dhotre
- T. S. Korde
- Vallabhdas Aidan Mohta
- Mahesh Kakde
- Swaminathan Aiyar
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "List of Nicknames of Indian Cities". 23 November 2021.
- ^ "Who's Who | Akola District | India".
- ^ "STD and Pin Codes | Akola District | India".
- ^ "Economic survey of Maharashtra" (PDF). maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ "Mahabharat Map - Come, let us create a Mahan Bharat". www.mahanbharat.net. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ "Friends of Forts". Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
- ^ "Berar | region, India". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
- ^ "Akola District Gazetteer, Mediaeval Period History". Maharashtra State Gazetteers, Akola District. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "101". Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- ^ "101a". Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- ^ "Mahapopulation" (PDF). Census of India (in Marathi). maharashtra.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ Census India 2001.
- ^ Census India 2011.
- ^ "Akola Population 2011". census2011.
- ^ a b "Station: Akola Climatological Table 1991–2020" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1991–2020. India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M135-M136. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Akola Police". akolapolice.gov.in.
- ^ "Akola Railway Police". 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ^ "AAI red flags Akola airport extension – Times of India". The Times of India. 20 May 2014.
- ^ "अकोला जिल्हा शासकीय संकेत स्थळ". akola.nic.in. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ "Jurisdiction eg: Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Vidyapeeth, Akola".
- ^ "C-1 Population By Religious Community – Maharahstra". Census. Retrieved 29 December 2019.