Primates in the Anglican Communion
Primates in the Anglican Communion are the most senior bishop or archbishop of one of the 42[1] churches of the Anglican Communion.[2] The Church of England, however, has two primates, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of York.
Variations
editSome of these churches are stand-alone ecclesiastical provinces (such as the Church of the Province of West Africa), while others are national churches comprising several ecclesiastical provinces (such as the Church of England). Since 1978, the Anglican primates have met annually for an Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting at the invitation of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who is regarded as the symbolic leader (though primus-inter-pares) of the Anglican primates. While the gathering has no legal jurisdiction, it acts as one of the informal instruments of unity among the autonomous provinces of the communion.
In stand-alone ecclesiastical provinces, the primate is the metropolitan archbishop of the province. In national churches composed of several ecclesiastical provinces, the primate will be senior to the metropolitan archbishops of the various provinces, and may also be a metropolitan archbishop. In those churches which do not have a tradition of archiepiscopacy, the primate is a bishop styled "primus" (in the case of the Scottish Episcopal Church), "presiding bishop", "president bishop", "prime bishop" or simply "primate". In the case of the Episcopal Church in the United States, which is composed of several ecclesiastical provinces, there is a presiding bishop who is its primate, but the individual provinces are not led by metropolitans.
Anglican primates may be attached to a fixed see (e.g., the Archbishop of Canterbury is invariably the Primate of All England), who may be chosen from among sitting metropolitans or diocesan bishops and retain the see (as with, for example, the Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia), or who may have no see (as in the Anglican Church of Canada). Primates are generally chosen by election (either by a synod consisting of laity, clergy and bishops, or by a House of Bishops). In some instances, the primacy is awarded on the basis of seniority among the episcopal college. In the Church of England, the primate, like all bishops, is appointed by the British sovereign, in the capacity of Supreme Governor of the established church, on the advice of the Crown Appointments Commission.
The United Churches of South India, of North India, of Pakistan and of Bangladesh have neither metropolitan (arch)bishops nor national primates. Instead, each has a Moderator of the Synod (and a Vice-Moderator), elected from among the bishops for a fixed term, who is ranked among the Anglican primates.[3]
Dual primates
editIn the Church of England and the Church of Ireland, the metropolitan of the second province has since medieval times also been accorded the title of primate. In England, the Archbishop of Canterbury is known as the "Primate of All England" [4] while the Archbishop of York as "Primate of England"[5] (see also Primacy of Canterbury). In Ireland both the Anglican and Roman Catholic Archbishops of Armagh are titled "Primate of All Ireland";[6][7] while both the Anglican and Roman Catholic Archbishops of Dublin are titled "Primate of Ireland".[7] As both of these positions pre-date the 1921 partition, they relate to the whole of Ireland. The junior primates of these churches do not normally participate in the Primates' Meeting.
List of current primates
edit| Key | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Active primate | Male primate | ||
| Inactive primate | Female primate | ||
| Position vacant or acting primate | |||
This is a list of the 42 current primates (including four moderators of united churches) in the worldwide Anglican Communion. The list is given according to the Anglican order of precedence, with the Archbishop of Canterbury as primus inter pares first and the others in order of seniority by their first installation to a primacy.
| Province | Primate | Person | Date of birth & age | Consecration[i] | Took office[ii] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Church of England | The Archbishop of Canterbury & Primate of All England |
Justin Welby | 6 January 1956 | 28 October 2011 | 4 February 2013 |
| Anglican Church of Southern Africa | The Archbishop of Cape Town & Primate of Southern Africa |
Thabo Makgoba | 15 December 1960 | 25 May 2002 | 31 December 2007 |
| Church of the Province of Myanmar (Burma) | The Archbishop of Myanmar & Bishop of Yangon |
Stephen Than Myint Oo | 1958 (age 65–66) | 2005 | 17 February 2008 |
| Anglican Church of Chile | The Primate of Chile, Presiding Bishop of the Anglican Church of Chile & Bishop of Santiago |
Tito Zavala | 16 October 1954 | 1998 | 2010–2016 (South America) 4 November 2018 – present (Chile) |
| Church of the Province of Central Africa | The Archbishop of Central Africa & Bishop of Northern Zambia |
Albert Chama | unknown | 2003 | 20 March 2011 |
| Anglican Church of Kenya | The Primate and Archbishop of All Kenya & Bishop of All Saints' Cathedral |
Jackson Ole Sapit | 12 June 1964 | 2005 | 3 July 2016 |
| Scottish Episcopal Church | The Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church & Bishop of Moray, Ross and Caithness |
Mark Strange | 2 November 1961 | 23 October 2007 | 27 June 2017 |
| Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudan | The Archbishop of Khartoum & Primate of Sudan |
Ezekiel Kondo | 1957 (age 66–67) | 2003 | 30 July 2017 |
| Church of the Province of the Indian Ocean | The Archbishop of the Indian Ocean & Bishop of Seychelles |
James Wong | 1960 (age 63–64) | 19 April 2009 | 27 August 2017 |
| Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia[iii] |
Te Pīhopa o Aotearoa, Primate of New Zealand & Te Pīhopa o Te Tairāwhiti |
Don Tamihere | 1972 (age 51–52) | 11 March 2017 | 8 April 2018 |
| Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan | The Archbishop of Juba & Primate of South Sudan |
Justin Badi Arama | 1964 (age 59–60) | 2001 | 22 April 2018 |
| Anglican Church of Tanzania | The Archbishop of Tanzania & Bishop of Tanga |
Maimbo Mndolwa | 1968 (age 55–56) | 4 September 2012 | 20 May 2018 |
| Church of the Province of Rwanda | The Archbishop of Rwanda & Bishop of Gasabo |
Laurent Mbanda | 1954 (age 69–70) | May 2010 | 10 June 2018 |
| Church of Bangladesh[iv] | The Moderator of the Church of Bangladesh & Bishop of Dhaka |
Samuel Sunil Mankhin | unknown | 8 November 2009 | 5 December 2018 |
| Church in the Province of the West Indies | The Archbishop of the West Indies & Bishop of Jamaica |
Howard Gregory | 1950 or 1951 (age 73–74) | 17 May 2017 | 28 May 2019 |
| Church of the Province of Melanesia | The Archbishop of Melanesia & Bishop of Central Melanesia |
Leonard Dawea | 1971 or 1972 (age 52–53) | August 2016 | 15 September 2019 |
| Church of Uganda | The Archbishop of Uganda & Bishop of Kampala |
Stephen Kaziimba | 15 August 1962 | 26 October 2008 | 1 March 2020 |
| Church of Nigeria | The Archbishop of Abuja & Primate of All Nigeria |
Henry Ndukuba | 18 July 1961 | September 1999 | 25 March 2020[8] |
| Anglican Church of Australia | The Primate of Australia & Archbishop of Adelaide |
Geoffrey Smith | 1958 or 1959 (age 64–65)[9] | 25 July 2007 | 7 April 2020[10] |
| Church of Ireland | The Archbishop of Armagh & Primate of All Ireland |
John McDowell | 1956 (age 67–68) | 23 September 2011[11] | 28 April 2020[12] |
| Anglican Church of Korea | The Presiding Bishop of the Anglican Church of Korea & Bishop of Seoul |
Peter Kyongho Lee | unknown | 2017 | 2020[13] |
| Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui | The Archbishop of Hong Kong & Bishop of Western Kowloon |
Andrew Chan | 1962 (age 61–62) | 25 March 2012[14] | 3 January 2021[14] |
| Church of Pakistan[iv] | The Moderator of the Church of Pakistan & Bishop in Raiwind |
Azad Marshall | unknown | 1994 | 14 May 2021 |
| Episcopal/Anglican Province of Alexandria | The Archbishop of Alexandria & Bishop of Egypt |
Samy Fawzy | 1963 (age 60–61) | 27 February 2017 | 8 June 2021 |
| Episcopal Church in the Philippines | The Prime Bishop of the Philippines | Brent Alawas | March 27, 1957 | 28 October 2009 | 6 August 2021 |
| Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi | The Archbishop of Burundi & Bishop of Buye |
Sixbert Macumi | 1968 (age 55–56) | 2005 | 21 August 2021 |
| Church in Wales | The Archbishop of Wales & Bishop of Bangor |
Andy John | 9 January 1964 | 29 November 2008 | 6 December 2021 |
| Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo | The Archbishop of the Congo & Bishop of Aru |
Georges Titre Ande | unknown | unknown | 23 January 2022[15] |
| Church of the Province of West Africa | The Primate of West Africa, Metropolitan Archbishop of Ghana & Bishop of Asante Mampong |
Cyril Kobina Ben-Smith | 21 February 1964 | May 2011 | 3 June 2022[16] |
| Anglican Church of Mexico[v] | Archbishop of Mexico & Bishop of Cuernavaca |
Enrique Treviño Cruz | 1959 (age 64–65) | 23 February 2013 | 11 June 2022[17]
|
| Anglican Church in Central America | The Primate of Central America & Bishop of El Salvador |
Juan David Alvarado | 1961 or 1962 (age 62–63) | 24 January 2015 | 24 August 2022[18] |
| Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil | The Primate of Brazil & Bishop of Amazon |
Marinez Rosa dos Santos Bassotto | 1971 or 1972 (age 52–53) | 2018 | 23 November 2022 |
| Church of North India[iv] | The Moderator of the Church of North India & Bishop of Agra |
Bijay Kumar Nayak | unknown | 8 May 2005 | 9 December 2022 |
| Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia[iii] |
The Bishop of Polynesia & Primate of New Zealand |
Sione Uluʻilakepa | 1965 (age 58–59) | 11 March 2023 | 11 March 2023[19] |
| Anglican Church of South America | The Presiding Bishop of South America & Bishop of Argentina |
Brian Williams | unknown | 8 November 2020 | 7 May 2023 |
| Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East | The President Bishop and Primate of the Church in Jerusalem & Archbishop in Jerusalem |
Hosam Naoum | 1974 (age 49–50) | 14 June 2020 | 12 May 2023 |
| Church of the Province of South East Asia | The Archbishop of South East Asia & Bishop of Singapore |
Titus Chung | 1964 or 1965 (age 59–60) | 18 October 2020[20] | 23 January 2024[21] |
| Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia[iii] |
The Senior Bishop of the New Zealand Dioceses, Primate of New Zealand & Bishop of Wellington |
Justin Duckworth | 1968 (age 55–56) | 30 June 2012 | 22 May 2024[22] |
| Anglican Church in Japan | The Primate of Japan & Bishop of Okinawa |
David Eisho Uehara | unknown | 7 September 2013[23] | 30 May 2024[24] |
| The Episcopal Church in the USA | The Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church | Sean W. Rowe | 6 February 1975 | 8 September 2007 | 1 November 2024 |
| Anglican Church of Papua New Guinea | Senior Bishop of Papua New Guinea & Bishop of Aipo Rongo |
Nathan Ingen | unknown | unknown | 11 May 2020 (Acting) |
| Church of South India[iv] | The Deputy Moderator of the Church of South India & Bishop of Karimnagar |
K. Reuben Mark | 29 March 1961 | 4 May 2015 | 5 September 2023[25] |
| Anglican Church of Canada | The Acting Primate of Canada & Archbishop of Algoma and Moosonee |
Anne Germond | 1960 (age 63–64) | 11 February 2017 | 15 September 2024 |
| Anglican Church of Mozambique and Angola | Acting Presiding Bishop of IAMA | Vacant | unknown | unknown | Since 14 July 2024[26] |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ The date the person was consecrated as an Anglican (or United Church) bishop.
- ^ The date the person first became a primate (usually by the confirmation of their election or by their installation, enthronement or investiture in office).
- ^ a b c Three bishops representing each of the three tikanga share the Primacy and the style of Archbishop.
- ^ a b c d The moderators of the Churches of Bangladesh, of North India, of Pakistan and of South India are not, strictly speaking, primates, but they nonetheless rank with and participate alongside the Communion's primates.
- ^ Treviño's status as archbishop of Mexico was disputed by the late Francisco Manuel Moreno and other bishops within the church, but he recognized as primate and archbishop by the Anglican Communion Office.
References
edit- ^ [1] (Accessed 24 June 2023)
- ^ Anglican Communion – Primates' Meetings (Accessed 6 July 2013)
- ^ Anglican Communion Office. "What is a Primate?". Anglicancommunion.org. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ a b James Murray, Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland (Cambridge University Press 2011 ISBN 978-0-52136994-7, pp. 41-43; MacGeoghegan, James, The History of Ireland, Ancient and Modern (1844), James Duffy, Dublin, p. 337
- ^ "Archbishop Henry Ndukuba installed as new Primate of the Church of Nigeria". Anglican Communion News Service. Anglican Communion Office. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ^ Gailberger, Jade (4 December 2016). "Our new Anglican Archbishop Geoffrey Smith lines up vision for future". The Advertiser. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
- ^ "Archbishop Geoffrey Smith elected Primate of the Anglican Church of Australia". Anglican Communion News Service. Anglican Communion Office. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ^ "Church of Ireland - A Member of the Anglican Communion". www.ireland.anglican.org. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- ^ "Welcome Archbishop John - Church of Ireland - A Member of the Anglican Communion". Ireland.anglican.org. 2020-04-28. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
- ^ "New Primates for Japan and Korea". Livingchurch.org. 2020-11-13. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
- ^ a b The Most Revd Andrew Chan installed as Archbishop and Primate of Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui, ECHO, 3 January 2021
- ^ "Archbishop Titre Ande Georges installed as primate of L'Eglise Anglicane du Congo". Anglican Communion News Service. Jan 25, 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
- ^ "Cyril Ben-Smith elected primate of West Africa". Anglican Ink. May 10, 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Smith, Emilie Teresa (March 12, 2024). "Tempest in the Anglican Church of Mexico". The Living Church. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Michael, Mark (May 2, 2022). "Juan David Alvarado Elected Central American Primate". The Living Church. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Mateboto, Pauliasi (13 March 2023). "Ulu'ilakepa ordained as Bishop of Polynesia". Fiji Times. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
- ^ Wenxuan, Alex (18 October 2020). "Titus Chung formally succeeds Rennis Ponniah as 10th Bishop of Singapore". Salt & Light. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ Lee, Gracia (23 January 2024). "Bishop Titus Chung installed as the 7th Archbishop of the Province of the Anglican Church in South East Asia". Salt & Light. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ "Synod welcomes Archbishop Justin". Anglican Taonga. 22 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ "Japan's newest bishop consecrated". Anglican Communion News Service. 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
- ^ "A new primate for the NSKK". Anglican Communion News Service. 2024-06-26. Retrieved 2024-06-26.
- ^ Chandran, Cynthia (9 September 2023). "Council demands invalidation of Rasalam's fellow office-bearers". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ "Province of Mozambique and Angola - Igreja Anglicana de Mocambique e Angola". ALMA Link. Diocese of London. Retrieved 23 October 2024.