Ulmus uyematsui Hayata, commonly known as the Alishan elm, is endemic to forests at elevations of 800–2,500 metres (2,600–8,200 ft) in Alishan, Chiayi County [2], central Taiwan,[1] where it is considered one of the minor tree species.[2][3] The tree was first named and described by the Japanese botanist Bunzō Hayata in 1913,[4] in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War, when the Republic of Formosa was ceded to Japan.
| Ulmus uyematsui | |
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| Ulmus uyematsui in Netherlands | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Ulmaceae |
| Genus: | Ulmus |
| Subgenus: | U. subg. Ulmus |
| Section: | U. sect. Ulmus |
| Species: | U. uyematsui
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| Binomial name | |
| Ulmus uyematsui | |
Description
editThe tree grows to a height of 25 m with a d.b.h. to 80 cm. The bark is grey, longitudinally fissured, and exfoliates in irregular flakes. The branchlets are brown, glabrous, though pubescent when young, and devoid of corky wings. The largely glabrous leaves are elliptic to oblong-elliptic 5–11 × 3–4.5 cm wide, typically caudate at the apex; the margins are doubly serrate.[5] Unlike most elms, the leaves are equal at the base, have short (2–6 mm) petioles,[1][5] and are flushed dark-red on emergence. The perfect wind-pollinated apetalous flowers appear on second-year shoots in February, the obovate to orbicular samarae, 10–15 × 8–10 mm, on longish pedicels,[6] in March.[1]
Hayata considered the tree similar to Ulmus castaneifolia, differing only in the much thinner leaves, and absence of pubescence on the axils of the primary lateral veins.[4]
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Emergent leaves with dark red colouration -
10-year-old tree, Portchester, England -
Samarae -
Leaf, with scale -
Ulmus uyematsui leaf (left) and Japanese elm leaf (right)
Pests and diseases
editNo information available.
Cultivation
editU. uyematsui is rare in cultivation beyond Taiwan; it was introduced to commerce in the Netherlands in 2011. U. uyematsui was selected as one of eight tree species considered hardy enough to survive in the ecological reclamation of the Wujiazi iron mine 270 kilometres (170 mi) north-east of Beijing in Liaoning Province, China, where winter temperatures fall as low as −20 °C (−4 °F).[7]
Etymology
editThe species is named for K. Uyematsu, who collected the plant in 1913.[4]
Accessions
editNorth America
edit- United States National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., US. Two small trees imported 2011. No accession details available.
Europe
edit- Grange Farm Arboretum [3], Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 839.
- Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Florence, Italy. 2 small (1 m) plants, (2011).
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK. Acc no. 20021373*A, grown from seed wild collected Liaoning, China,[8] and acc. no. 20112233.[9]
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Acc. no. not known.
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Romsey, Hampshire UK. Acc. no. 2011.0267.[10]
- Wijdemeren Elm Arboretum, Frans Halslaan, Loosdrecht, Netherlands.
Nurseries
edit- Europe
- A Touch of Green [4], Amstelveen, Netherlands.
- Arboretum Waasland [5], Belgium.
- Henny Kolster [6] via retail nursery Mark & Rein Bulk [7], Boskoop, Netherlands.
- Pan-Global Plants [8], Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, UK.
- Asia
- Tenway Garden Center [9], Tienwei, Chonghua County, Taiwan.
References
edit- ^ a b c Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN 1930723407 [1]
- ^ Hyun, S. K. (1969). White pines of Asia: Pinus koraiensis and Pinus armandii. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees. Proceedings of a NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Aug. 17–24, 1969. University of Idaho, USA. Misc. publication 1221, p. 141. USDA, Feb. 1972.
- ^ "Plant Name Details for Ulmus uyematsui". IPNI. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
- ^ a b c Hayata, B. (1913). Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, Vol. 3. p. 174 (1913).
- ^ a b "Leaves labelled Ulmus uyematsui in asianflora".
- ^ "Herbarium specimen - L.4305450". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. uyematsui, immature fruit specimen; Taiwan Forestry Research Herbarium Institute (2012)
- ^ Li, S, Li, S-x, Liu, J, Wu, Y. (2009). Selection of vegetation species for Wujiazi iron mine ecological recovery. Journal of Hebei University of Engineering (Natural Science Edition), 2009-03. University of Hebei, China.
- ^ Tree formerly labelled U. davidiana, Chinese Hillside, RBGE; determined as U. uyematsui by RBGE in 2024. New determination mentioned in Seddon & Shreeve, 'Great British Elms', Kew, 2024
- ^ Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 'Catalogue of the Living Collections': Ulmus uyematsui, specimen 20112233
- ^ Sir Harold Hillier Gardens. (2017). List of Living Accessions: Ulmus