The turquoise tanager (Tangara mexicana) is a medium-sized passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is a resident bird from Trinidad, much of Brazil (despite its scientific name, it is not found in Mexico), Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia. It is restricted to areas with humid forest, with its primary distribution being the Amazon. It was formerly treated as being conspecific with the white-bellied tanager which is found in the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil.
| Turquoise tanager | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | Tangara |
| Species: | T. mexicana
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| Binomial name | |
| Tangara mexicana (Linnaeus, 1766)
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| Range | |
| Synonyms | |
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Tanagra mexicana Linnaeus, 1766 | |
It occurs in forest, woodland and cultivation. The bulky cup nest is built in a tree or shrub, and the female incubates three brown-blotched grey-green eggs.
These are social birds usually found in groups. They eat a wide variety of fruit and also take insects and other arthropods,[2] often gleaned from twigs.
Taxonomy
editThe turquoise tanager was formally described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Tanagra mexicana.[3] His description was principally based on Mathurin Jacques Brisson's Le tangara blue de Cayenne that he had described and illustrated in 1760.[4] The type locality is Cayenne in French Guiana.[5] The turquoise tanager is now placed in the genus Tangara that was introduced by Brisson.[6][7]
Four subspecies are recognised:[7]
- T. m. vieilloti (Sclater, PL, 1857) – Trinidad
- T. m. media (Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902) – east Colombia and Venezuela
- T. m. mexicana (Linnaeus, 1766) – the Guianas to central Brazil
- T. m. boliviana (Bonaparte, 1851) – southeast Colombia to east Ecuador, east Peru, west Brazil and north Bolivia
The white-bellied tanager (Tangara brasiliensis) was formerly treated as a subspecies.[7]
Description
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Adult turquoise tanagers are 14 cm (5.5 in) long and weigh 20 g. They are long-tailed and with a dark stout pointed bill. The adult is mainly dark blue and black, with turquoise edging to the primaries. Most races have yellow lower underparts, but this is paler, more cream in the nominate subspecies found in north-eastern South America. The Trinidadian race, T. m. vieiloti, has a darker blue head and breast and more vividly yellow underparts than the mainland taxa. Their song is a fast squeaky chatter tic-tic-tic-tic-tic.
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Tangara mexicana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T103849376A119556880. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103849376A119556880.en. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Tangara mexicana (Turquoise Tanager)" (PDF). The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 315.
- ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 3. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. p. 6, Plate 1 fig. 3.
- ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 361.
- ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1 p. 36 and Vol. 3 p. 3.
- ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
External links
edit- Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the turquoise tanager
- Turquoise Tanager videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Stamps[usurped] (for Suriname) with RangeMap–(shows the disjunct range in coastal SEast Brazil)
- Turquoise Tanager photo gallery VIREO