The Town of Southold is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located in the northeastern tip of the county, on the North Fork of Long Island. The population was 23,732 at the 2020 census.[3] The town contains a hamlet, also named Southold, which was settled in 1640.

Southold, New York
Southold Free Library
Southold Free Library
Official seal of Southold, New York
Location in Suffolk County
Location in Suffolk County
Map
Map
Map
Coordinates: 41°4′N 72°26′W / 41.067°N 72.433°W / 41.067; -72.433
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountySuffolk
Government
 • TypeCivil Township
 • SupervisorAlbert J. Krupski Jr. (D)[1]
Area
 • Total404.04 sq mi (1,046.46 km2)
 • Land53.75 sq mi (139.21 km2)
 • Water350.29 sq mi (907.24 km2)
Elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Population
 • Total23,732
 • Density441.52/sq mi (170.47/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP Code
11971
Area code631
FIPS code36-69463
GNIS feature ID0979508
Websitesoutholdtownny.gov

History

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Southold Presbyterian Church and Founders' Monument, Southold, N.Y.[4]

Algonquian-speaking tribes, related to those in New England across Long Island Sound, lived in eastern Long Island before European colonization. The western portion of the island was inhabited by bands of Lenape, whose language was also one of the Algonquian languages.

In surrounding areas, the Dutch colonists had established early settlements to the northwest: on the upper Hudson River was Fort Orange, founded in 1615 (later renamed Albany by the English); and New Amsterdam (later renamed Manhattan) in 1625. Lion Gardiner established a manor on Gardiners Island in East Hampton in 1639. Just across from Long Island, the Connecticut Colony, or Connecticut River Colony, was established in 1636. The Puritans established New Haven Colony separately in 1638, even though it was largely surrounded by Connecticut Colony. New Haven Colony was a theocracy, governed only by church members.

English Puritans from New Haven Colony settled in Southold on October 21, 1640. They had purchased the land in the summer of 1640 from the group of Indians related to the Pequot of New England, who lived in the territory they called Corchaug (now Cutchogue). Settlers spelled the Indian name of what became Southold as Yennicott. In most histories Southold is reported as the first English settlement on Long Island in the future New York State. Under the leadership of the Reverend John Youngs, with Peter Hallock, the settlement consisted of the families of Barnabas Horton, John Budd, John Conklin, John Swazy, William Wells, John Tuthill, and Matthias Corwin.[citation needed]

In 1650, the Treaty of Hartford established a boundary between Dutch and English claims[clarification needed] roughly through Oyster Bay on the North Shore. The Dutch colony was the western part of Long Island, and the English dominated the east. The population of Southold at that point was about 180. The harbor at Greenport, on the North Fork, became important in trade, fishing, and whaling, because it rarely froze over. Settlers developed the interior land for agricultural purposes.

Both New Haven Colony and Connecticut Colony had sought to establish Southold as a theocracy.[citation needed] The New Haven Colony did not permit other churches to operate at all, while the Connecticut Colony allowed freedom of religion. New Haven supervised Southold until 1662, when New Haven towns began shifting their allegiance to the surrounding Connecticut Colony. By 1664, New Haven colonists all had decided to join Connecticut, and the New Haven colony ceased to exist. Southold was supervised by the Connecticut Colony until 1674.

When the Dutch took control of the colony of New York in 1673, the English-settled eastern towns, including Southold, East Hampton, and Southampton, refused to submit; the Dutch attempted to force the matter by arms, and the colonists of the towns repelled them, with assistance from Connecticut. When New York was retaken by the English in 1674, these eastern towns preferred to stay part of Connecticut. Although Connecticut agreed, the government of James, Duke of York forced the matter for them to be part of the Province of New York. Governor Sir Edmund Andros threatened to eliminate the residents' rights to land if they did not yield, which they did by 1676.[5] The Duke of York had a grudge against Connecticut. New Haven had hidden three of the judges who sentenced his father King Charles I to death in 1649.

The town called as its second minister Rev. Joshua Hobart, a Harvard graduate from Hingham, Massachusetts, and son of Rev. Peter Hobart. The latter was the founding minister of Old Ship Church, the nation's oldest church in continuous use.[6] Rev. Joshua Hobart was installed in 1674 and served until his death in 1717, when he was 88 years old.[7] Rev. Hobart's brother Josiah was one of the earliest settlers and initial trustees of East Hampton, Long Island, as well as High Sheriff of Suffolk County.[8]

The name Southold is believed to be an elision of Southwold, a coastal town in the corresponding English county of Suffolk. John Youngs, the minister who was one of the founders of the Town, was born and brought up in Southwold, England. Youngs was a member of St. Margaret's Church in nearby Reydon.[9] Within the Town's limits is an area known as Reydon Shores, perhaps a reference to the Reydon, England known by Youngs. The Town's name also may refer to a "holding" to the south [of New Haven]), from whence the original settlers hailed.

 
Southold, Main Street, c.1915

In the meantime, the population of Southold grew from 180 in 1650 to 880 by 1698.

In the late 19th century, the Long Island Rail Road extended its line on the North Shore to Greenport. This enabled summer vacationers to travel to the destination by train. Due to the light on the North Fork from water on both sides, the area attracted many artists, including William Merritt Chase.

The area was agricultural, and long dominated by for potato farming. In the late 20th century, large areas of the North Fork were redeveloped as vineyards. This area of Long Island has developed a respectable wine industry. In November 1994, the village of Greenport voted to abolish its police department and contract with the Southold Town Police for law enforcement.

Geography

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The town is at the northeastern end of Long Island, New York on a peninsula called the North Fork and its extensions Plum Island, and Fishers Island. The Long Island Sound separates the town from Connecticut. The eastern end of the peninsula, near Orient Point, is north of the Town of Shelter Island, but the town is separated from the South Fork of Long Island by the Great Peconic Bay and the Little Peconic Bay. The western end of the town is the border of the Town of Riverhead. It is twenty-one miles from Orient Point to the border with Riverhead. Robins Island, a protected open space in Great Peconic Bay, is also part of the Town of Southold.[10]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 404.1 square miles (1,047 km2), of which 53.8 square miles (139 km2) is land and 350.3 square miles (907 km2) (86.69%) is water.[11] The town has approximately 163 linear miles of coastline.[12]

Significant coastal fish and wildlife habitats within the Town of Southold, include: the Mattituck Inlet Wetlands and Beaches, Fishers Island Beaches, Pine Islands and Shallows, the Goldsmith Inlet and Beach, Pipes Cove Creek and Moores Drain, the Dumpling Islands and Flat Hammock.[12]

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note
17903,219
18002,200−31.7%
18102,61318.8%
18202,96813.6%
18302,900−2.3%
18403,90734.7%
18504,72320.9%
18605,83323.5%
18706,71515.1%
18807,2678.2%
18907,7056.0%
19008,3017.7%
191010,57727.4%
192010,147−4.1%
193011,66915.0%
194012,0463.2%
195011,632−3.4%
196013,29514.3%
197016,80426.4%
198019,17214.1%
199019,8363.5%
200020,5993.8%
201021,9686.6%
202023,7328.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]

As of the census[14] of 2000, there were 20,599 people, 8,461 households, and 5,804 families residing in the town. The population density was 383.5 inhabitants per square mile (148.1/km2). There were 13,769 housing units at an average density of 256.3 per square mile (99.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.53% White, 2.91% Black or African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.45% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.51% from other races, and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.77% of the population.

There were 8,461 households, out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.90.

In Southold town the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 26.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $49,898, and the median income for a family was $61,108. Males had a median income of $46,334 versus $31,440 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,619. About 4.1% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

Communities and locations

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Villages (incorporated)

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  • Greenport, near the easternmost tip of the mainland.

Hamlets (unincorporated)

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Other census designated places (CDPs)

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Other communities

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  • Arshamomaque, between Greenport and Southold village
  • Bay Haven, on Little Peconic Bay
  • Bay View, on Great Hog Neck
  • Beixedon Estates, a private community east of Southold village
  • Cedar Beach on Great Hog Neck, southeast of Bay View
  • Corey Creek, a private community on Great Hog Neck
  • Cove, The
  • Cutchogue Station, north of Cutchogue
  • Fleet's Neck, South of Cutchogue
  • Founder's Landing, the historic center of Southold Village
  • East Cutchogue, located east of Cutchogue
  • Eastwind Shores
  • Laughing Water, near Great Hog Neck
  • Nassau Farms
  • Nassau Point, on Little Hog Neck
  • Oregon, along the vicinity of Oregon Road between Mattituck and Peconic
  • Orient Point, at the eastern tip of the mainland
  • Reydon Shores, on Great Hog Neck (named after Reydon in Suffolk, England the birthplace of the wife of the Rev. John Youngs).
  • Stirling, north of Greenport
  • Terry Waters on Little Peconic Bay
  • Waterville, north of Mattituck

Government and politics

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Islands

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Geographic features

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  • Great Hog Neck, a peninsula into Little Peconic Bay
  • Little Hog Neck, a peninsula into Peconic Bay
  • Long Beach Bay, a bay near Orient
  • Orient Harbor, a bay in the eastern part of the town
  • Orient Point, the easternmost tip of the mainland of the north fork of Long Island

State parks

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Culture

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Southold Town, along with the rest of the East End, has a very rich cultural history. A handful of world-renowned artists have lived in the town including; Douglas Moore,[15] Robert Berks, and Walt Whitman.[16] Throughout the town there's countless art galleries and studios ranging all mediums of artistic expression. The town also has a rich community of musicians. Local music venue and restaurant, The Green Hill Kitchen, has seen performances from modern jazz greats such as Tommy Campbell (musician), Gil Goldstein, Alex Sipiagin, and Morris Goldberg.

Transportation

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Railroads

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Bus service

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Major roads

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Airports

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Ferries

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Al Krupski wins race for Southold supervisor". Suffolk Times. Retrieved December 28, 2023. Ten-year Democrat Albert J. Krupski Jr., 64, of Cutchogue
  2. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  3. ^ a b "QuickFacts: Southold town, Suffolk County, New York". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  4. ^ English: Presbyterian Church in Southold, New York from a pre-1923 postcard, 1923, retrieved September 30, 2024
  5. ^ Richard Mather Bayles, Sketches of Suffolk County, Historical and Descriptive, with a Historical Outline of Long Island, 1874
  6. ^ Epher Whitaker, A History of Southold, L.I., Orange, NJ: Press of the Orange Chronicle, 1881
  7. ^ George B. Jewett, History of Congregationalism, Congregationalism in America, Vol. I, Boston, MA: Congregational Publishing Society, 1880
  8. ^ Architects, American Institute of; Antiquities, Society for the Preservation of Long Island (January 1, 1992). AIA Architectural Guide to Nassau and Suffolk Counties, Long Island. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-26946-7.
  9. ^ Epher Whittaker, History of Southold, L.I.: Its First Century, Southold, Printed for the Author, 1881
  10. ^ "Town of Southold Local Waterfront Revitalization Program: Southold LWRP Maps" (PDF). Division of Coastal Resources, New York State Department of State. 2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014.
  11. ^ "Gazetteer Files". Census.gov. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  12. ^ a b "Town of Southold Local Waterfront Revitalization Program" (PDF). New York State Department of State. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2014.
  13. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  14. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  15. ^ Studenroth, Zachary (April 1, 2013). "Cutchogue and New Suffolk". Arcadia Publishing.
  16. ^ URL=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/walt-whitman-the-long-islander-bicentennial-of-his-birth-1.30762823%7Caccessndate=April 13, 2013
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