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Torneträsk or Torne träsk (Swedish: [toːɳɛˈtrɛsːk];[2] Saami: Duortnosjávri; Finnish and Meänkieli: Tornio or Torniojärvi) is a lake in Kiruna Municipality, Lapland, Norrbotten County in Sweden, in the Scandinavian Mountains. Träsk is the local word for lake (in Standard Swedish it means "swamp"). It is the sixth-largest lake in Sweden, with a total area of 330 square kilometres (130 square miles) and a length of 70 kilometres (43 miles). The lake drains to the south-east through Torne river. South-west of the lake lies the Abisko National Park and the UNESCO World Heritage Site Laponian area.
| Torneträsk | |
|---|---|
| Torneträsk (Swedish) Duortnosjávri (Northern Sami) Torniojärvi (Meänkieli) | |
| Duortnosjávri (Northern Sami) | |
 Torneträsk seen from the north | |
  Torneträsk  Torneträsk | |
| Location | Kiruna Municipality, Norrbotten County |
| Coordinates | 68°22′N 019°06′E / 68.367°N 19.100°E |
| Primary inflows | • nameless flow from a little glacier south of lake Válfojávri (Nordland, Norway) → river Válfojohka → lake Gamajávri → river Kamajåkka → lake Abiskojaure → river Abiskojåkka • river Njuoreatnu • river Rágeseatnu • lake Koojärvi → river Stalojåkka • river Nakerijoki • river Sarvájohka • river Bessešjohka |
| Primary outflows | Torne River |
| Basin countries | Sweden |
| Max. length | 70 km (43 mi) |
| Max. width | 11 km (6.8 mi) |
| Surface area | 332 km2 (128 sq mi) |
| Average depth | 51 m (167 ft) |
| Max. depth | 168 m (551 ft) |
| Water volume | 17.1 km3 (13.9×106 acre⋅ft) |
| Surface elevation | 341 m (1,119 ft) |
| References | [1] |
Torneträsk originated from the remnant of a glacier, which has given the lake its depth of 168 metres (551 feet), making it the second-deepest lake in Sweden. It is usually ice-covered from December through June, with variations dependent on temperature variations.
Permafrost is common in the land around the lake. This low elevation permafrost is disappearing because of global warming and increased snowfall.[3]
During the 1944 Operation Obviate of WWII, British bombers seeking to destroy the German battleship Tirpitz had their rendezvous over Torneträsk, in violation of Swedish neutrality.
Climate edit
| Climate data for Torneträsk 1991-2020 normals (393m) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
9.8 (49.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
3.8 (38.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.1 (13.8) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
3.9 (39.0) |
9.7 (49.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
0.2 (32.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.7 (5.5) |
−14.9 (5.2) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
7.4 (45.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−3.7 (25.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29.5 (1.16) |
23.7 (0.93) |
20.9 (0.82) |
20.4 (0.80) |
36.7 (1.44) |
58.4 (2.30) |
93.1 (3.67) |
65.5 (2.58) |
48.9 (1.93) |
37.6 (1.48) |
29.9 (1.18) |
31.5 (1.24) |
496.1 (19.53) |
| Source: NOAA[4] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Rensjön A 1991-2020 normals (494m) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.3 (18.9) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
1.4 (34.5) |
7.2 (45.0) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
3.3 (37.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.2 (10.0) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.0 (−0.4) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.8 (46.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25.8 (1.02) |
20.7 (0.81) |
18.8 (0.74) |
21.8 (0.86) |
41.3 (1.63) |
57.1 (2.25) |
90.8 (3.57) |
64.3 (2.53) |
48.7 (1.92) |
39.8 (1.57) |
29.9 (1.18) |
29.6 (1.17) |
488.6 (19.25) |
| Source: NOAA[5] | |||||||||||||
Images edit
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References edit
- ^ "Sjöar och vattendrag" (in Swedish). Vattenmyndigheten Bottenviken. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
- ^ Jöran Sahlgren; Gösta Bergman (1979). Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter (in Swedish). p. 25.
- ^ Johansson, Margareta; Christensen, Torben R.; Akerman, H. Jonas; Callaghan, Terry V. (2006). "What Determines the Current Presence or Absence of Permafrost in the Torneträsk Region, a Sub-arctic Landscape in Northern Sweden?". Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment. 35 (4): 190–197. doi:10.1579/0044-7447(2006)35[190:WDTCPO]2.0.CO;2. PMID 16944644. S2CID 45127318.
- ^ "NOAA / WMO averages 1991-2020 Torneträsk". SMHI / NOAA. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ "NOAA / WMO averages 1991-2020 Rensjön A". SMHI / NOAA. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
External links edit
Media related to Torneträsk at Wikimedia Commons
