There is a long history of women in dentistry. Women are depicted as assistant dentists in the Middle Ages. Prior to the 19th century, dentistry was largely not yet a clearly defined and regulated profession with formal educational requirements. Individual female dentists are known from the 18th century. When the profession was regulated in the 19th century, it took a while before women achieved the formal education and permission to engage in dentistry.

Badri Teymourtash, the first female dentist in Iran[1]
Cartoon of assistant Lady-Dentist from Punch. This shows prejudice against women in the dental profession.

Timeline

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16th century

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  • Unknown, 16th century: In an early copper engraving by Lucas Van Leyden, a traveling dentist can be seen along with a woman acting as his assistant.[2]

18th century

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In the 18th century dentistry was not yet a regulated and clearly defined profession, and could be performed by people of all professions, such as barbers and beauticians. The informality of the profession, where no formal education (unavailable to women) was not yet required, meant that women dentists did exist during the 18th century.

  • Early 18th century: A Mademoiselle or Madame Reze published a dentistry treatise a few years before "Le Chirugien Dentiste" by Pierre Fauchard in 1728.[3][4]
  • 1740: Madeleine-Françoise Calais became the first female dentist to obtain a license as a master dentist from the Surgical Society of Paris.[5]
  • 1755: A new law was established in France banning women from dental studies.[6]
  • 1775: Hannah Crippen her services as a dentist and phlebotomist, continuing the business of her late husband, at Baldwins Gardens, Gray's Inn, London.[7]
  • 1777: A Mrs Levis or Lewis and her husband, advertised their services as dentists at Marylebone Street, Golden Square; Mrs Levis attended the women and Mr Levis, the men.[7]
  • 1777: A Mrs De St Raymond advertised her services as a dentist, from her home, No. 9, Kings-square Court, Soho, to the nobility and gentry.[7]
  • 1777: La Signora Foggioni of Genova advertises herself as a dentiste at No. 5, New George Street, Blackfriars Bridge, London.[7]
  • 1782: Maria Briwolski of Dresden was granted permission from the authorities to practice dentistry in Sweden.[8]
  • 1791: Catherine Madden of 53, St John's Street, West Smithfield, London, advertises her services as a dentist.[7]
  • 1792: A Mrs Hunter, a beautician, advertised her services as a dentist from her home, No 78 Great Titchfield Street.[7]

19th century

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In the 19th century dentistry gradually became a regulated and clearly defined profession, and formal education come to be required to practice it. This initially excluded women from dentistry; however formal education gradually became available to women in the 19th-century, resulting in the first formally educated female dentists.

20th century

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21st century

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ http://static1.squarespace.com/static/56cb5012c6fc08547b2b754f/t/574df20e3c44d82a049de343/1464726038010/ExemplaryWomenFromIran.pdf[dead link] Exemplary Women from Iran, pg. 104, excerpted from Jewels of Allah: The Untold Story of Women in Iran, by Nina Ansary.
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Further reading

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