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Thomas de Maizière

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Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizière (German pronunciation: [də mɛˈzi̯ɛːɐ̯]; born 21 January 1954) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 2009 to 2011 and 2013 to 2018, as well as Federal Minister of Defence from 2011 to 2013. He previously served as Head of the Chancellery and Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the First Merkel cabinet from 2005 to 2009. Since 2009, he has been a member of the Bundestag for Meißen.

Thomas de Maizière
Bundesminister a. D.
De Maizière in 2017
Minister of the Interior
In office
17 December 2013 – 14 March 2018
ChancellorAngela Merkel
Preceded byHans-Peter Friedrich
Succeeded byHorst Seehofer
In office
28 October 2009 – 3 March 2011
ChancellorAngela Merkel
Preceded byWolfgang Schäuble
Succeeded byHans-Peter Friedrich
Minister of Defence
In office
3 March 2011 – 17 December 2013
ChancellorAngela Merkel
Preceded byKarl-Theodor zu Guttenberg
Succeeded byUrsula von der Leyen
Head of the Chancellery
Minister for Special Affairs
In office
22 November 2005 – 27 October 2009
ChancellorAngela Merkel
Preceded byFrank-Walter Steinmeier (as Secretary of State)
Succeeded byRonald Pofalla
Member of the Bundestag
for Meißen
In office
27 October 2009 – 26 October 2021
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byBarbara Lenk
State political posts
Member of the Landtag of Saxony
for Bautzen 1
In office
19 October 2004 – 21 November 2005
Preceded byAndreas Hahn
Succeeded byKarl Mannsfeld
State Minister for the Interior of Saxony
In office
11 November 2004 – 22 November 2005
Minister-PresidentGeorg Milbradt
Preceded byHorst Rasch
Succeeded byAlbrecht Buttolo
State Minister of Justice of Saxony
In office
2 May 2002 – 11 November 2004
Minister-PresidentGeorg Milbradt
Preceded byManfred Kolbe
Succeeded byGeert Mackenroth
State Minister of Finances of Saxony
In office
31 January 2001 – 2 May 2002
Minister-PresidentKurt Biedenkopf
Preceded byGeorg Milbradt
Succeeded byHorst Metz
State Minister and Chief of the State Chancellery of Saxony
In office
27 October 1999 – 31 January 2001
Minister-PresidentKurt Biedenkopf
Preceded byGünter Meyer
Succeeded byGeorg Brüggen
State Secretary and Chief of the State Chancellery of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
In office
8 December 1994 – 2 November 1998
Minister-PresidentBerndt Seite
Preceded byGabriele Wurzel
Succeeded byOtto Ebnet
Personal details
Born
Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizière

(1954-01-21) 21 January 1954 (age 70)
Bonn, West Germany
Political partyChristian Democratic Union
SpouseMartina de Maizière
Children3
Parent
RelativesLothar de Maizière (cousin)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance West Germany
Branch/service Bundeswehr
Years of service1972–1974
RankOberleutnant
UnitArmy (Heer) / Panzerbrigade 34

Along with Ursula von der Leyen and Wolfgang Schäuble, De Maizière was one of only three ministers to have continuously served in Chancellor Angela Merkel's cabinets from 2005 until 2018.[1] Together with von der Leyen, he was widely looked on as a possible future successor to Merkel.[2] Before his appointment to the federal cabinet, he served as a minister in the state government of Saxony, including as chief of staff to the Minister-President, State Minister of Finance and State Minister of Justice.

Early life and education

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Thomas de Maizière, circa 1970s

Maizière was born in Bonn to the later Inspector general of the Bundeswehr, Ulrich de Maizière. He graduated at the Aloisiuskolleg in Bonn and studied law and history at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität in Münster and the University of Freiburg. He passed his first state examination in law in 1979 and his second 1982, earning his Doctor of law (Dr. jur.) in 1986.[3]

He belongs to a noble family originally from Maizières-lès-Metz[4] who, as Huguenots, had fled France for asylum in Prussia in the late 17th century.[5] The Maizière family still attended French-language schools and Huguenot churches in Berlin until the beginning of the 20th century. His cousin Lothar de Maizière is also a CDU politician and was the last, and only democratically elected, Premier of the German Democratic Republic, who later served as Federal Minister of Special Affairs in the government of Helmut Kohl until his resignation following the discovery of his affiliation with the GDR secret service.[5]

Political career

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Early career in state politics

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Maizière worked for the governing mayor (prime minister) of West Berlin (Baron Richard von Weizsäcker and Eberhard Diepgen),[6] before becoming a member of the West German team in the negotiations on German reunification. After 1990 he worked with re-establishing democratic structures in states that were part of the former German Democratic Republic. He became secretary of state at the ministry of culture of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in November 1990. From December 1994 to 1998 he was chief of staff of the Chancellery of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.[citation needed]

He served as the chief of the Saxon Chancellery from 1999 to 2001, with the rank of cabinet minister. As chief of staff to Kurt Biedenkopf, he helped negotiate the special Solidarity Pact designed to finance the reconstruction of the former East Germany.[6] From 2001 to 2002 he served as the minister of finance of Saxony, from 2002 to 2004 minister of justice, and from 2004 to 2005 as minister of the interior.[7]

Chief of Staff at the Federal Chancellery (2005–2009)

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On 17 October 2005, Maizière was nominated as a member of the Federal Government as chief of the Chancellor's office and as federal minister for special affairs in the first Merkel cabinet.[7] He took office on 22 November 2005, after Merkel's election as Chancellor by the Bundestag. In his capacity as chief of staff of the chancellery, he also functioned as deputy president of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik).

Between 2007 and 2009, Maizière was one of 32 members of the Second Commission on the modernization of the federal state, which was established to reform the division of powers between federal and state authorities in Germany.

Federal Minister of the Interior (2009–2011)

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He was elected in Meißen. In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections, Maizière led the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on taxes, national budget, and financial policy; with Hermann Otto Solms of the FDP as joint chairman. Following the formation of the Second Merkel cabinet, he took office as Federal Minister of the Interior.

As Interior Minister, Maizière long played down security worries, but he abruptly changed course late in 2010, giving warnings that there were serious indications of terror attacks being prepared in Europe and the United States.[8] In July 2010, he outlawed the Internationale Humanitäre Hilfsorganisation (IHH), a charity registered in Frankfurt, because of its alleged links to the militant Palestinian organization Hamas, arguing that "the IHH has, under the cover of humanitarian aid, supported Gaza Strip-based so-called social associations which are attributable to Hamas, for a long period of time and to a considerable financial extent."[9] That same month, Maizière announced that Germany would take over and release two prisoners of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.[10]

In October 2010, Maizière and Transport Minister Peter Ramsauer banned arrivals of all air cargo from Yemen, after the German authorities had been tipped off by a foreign intelligence service that there were explosives inside a U.S.-bound parcel trans-shipped at Cologne Bonn Airport.[11]

Minister of Defence (2011–2013)

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De Maizière as Minister of Defence at a news conference in 2012

On 2 March 2011, Merkel announced that Maizière was to take over from Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, the federal defence minister who had resigned from office the previous day.[12] On 3 March, he was formally appointed to this post.[13] He held the defence ministry portfolio until 17 December 2013.

Signaling one of the biggest shake-ups in decades for the German military, in 2011 Maizière unveiled plans to reduce troop numbers, cut bureaucracy, and eliminate duplication inside the Federal Ministry of Defence. Under these proposals, the army was to be turned into a wholly professional force.[14]

On the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the diplomatic relations between German and India, Maizière participated in the first joint cabinet meeting of the two countries' governments in Delhi in May 2011.[15] On 7 June 2011, he attended the state dinner hosted by President Barack Obama in honor of Chancellor Angela Merkel at the White House.[16]

Speaking to the German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in February 2012, Maizière said that an Israel Defense Forces strike on Iran's nuclear facilities was "highly unlikely" to succeed, and noted that such a strike would cause "obvious political damage."[17] During a meeting in Berlin in March 2012, he warned Israel's Defense Minister Ehud Barak against an attack on Iran, joining other Western countries which were applying heavy international pressure on Israel to prevent it from attacking Iran’s nuclear facilities.[18][19]

In 2012, Maizière told a gathering of army reservists that he considered the U.S. strategy of using drones for targeted killings a "strategic mistake". According to the online news edition of the German public television broadcaster ARD, Maizière had said he thought it was unwise to have U.S. commanders direct such attacks from their bases in the United States.[20]

Second appointment as Federal Minister of the Interior (2013–2018)

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Thomas de Maizière with his Italian counterpart Marco Minniti, 2017

In the negotiations to form a government following the 2013 federal elections, Maizière led the CDU/CSU members in the working group on foreign affairs, defense, and development cooperation; his co-chair from the SPD was Frank-Walter Steinmeier. On 17 December 2013, he was appointed as Federal Minister of the Interior for a second time.[21] In addition, he co-chairs the EPP Justice and Home Affairs Ministers Meeting, alongside Esteban González Pons.[22]

On 23 February 2014, Bild am Sonntag reported that Maizière and other members of the government, as well as leading figures in business, were under NSA surveillance. The newspaper report, quoting an unnamed NSA official, said the U.S. was particularly interested in the interior minister "because he is a close aide of Merkel, who seeks his advice on many issues and was rumored to be promoting his candidacy for the post of NATO secretary-general."[23][24] From the beginning of 2015, the left-wing opposition and media commentators have repeatedly criticized de Maizière over his record as chief of staff in 2005–09, and over what he knew about Germany's Federal Intelligence Service (BND) helping U.S. agencies to spy on European firms such as the defence manufacturer Airbus.[25]

In late 2014, Maizière proposed a law according to which the government would have the power to withdraw the identity cards of potential foreign fighters and replace them with another form of identification; this was meant to allow government agencies to prevent Germans from leaving the country to join groups such as Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.[26] In May 2015, he banned Yuruyus, a leftist-terrorist newspaper published by the Turkish extremist group DHKP-C, and had his ministry order raids across the country in connection with this ban.[27]

By late 2015, amid the European migrant crisis, de Maizière urged that Europe should set a limit on the number of refugees it takes in and seek out those most clearly entitled to protection.[28] His critics say he failed to fight for more staff and budget for the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF), which falls under his ministry, despite years of warnings from German states that the agency was being overwhelmed with asylum applications.[29] In an effort to better detect the identities of migrants arriving from Syria, Afghanistan and other trouble spots, de Maizière later spearheaded the introduction of an identity card for refugees.[30]

In 2016, Maizière banned the neo-Nazi group "White Wolves Terror Crew" (WWT) following raids on 15 properties across the country as worries were growing about a rise in right-wing sentiment after the influx of more than a million migrants the previous year.[31]

In January 2016, Maizière participated in the first joint cabinet meeting of the governments of Germany and Turkey in Berlin.[32]

Later career

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After leaving government in 2018, Maizère served on the Committee on Finance. In addition to his work in parliament, he taught constitutional law at the University of Leipzig.[33]

Ahead of the Christian Democrats' leadership election in 2018, de Maizière publicly endorsed Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer to succeed Angela Merkel as the party’s chair.[34]

Since 2019, de Maizière has been serving as chairman of the Deutsche Telekom Foundation.[35] Also in 2019, he was appointed by the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community to serve on the committee that oversaw the preparations for the 30th anniversary of German reunification.[36]

In 2020, de Maizière was appointed by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg to co-chair (alongside A. Wess Mitchell) a group of experts to support his work in a reflection process to further strengthen NATO’s political dimension.[37]

In May 2020, de Maizière announced that he would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term.[38]

Life after politics

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In 2023, de Maizière and Heide Pfarr served as unpaid arbitrators for negotiations between German railway operator Deutsche Bahn and the Railway and Transport Union (EVG).[39]

Other activities

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Recognition

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Personal life

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Maizière is married to Martina de Maizière, with whom he has three children. He is a Protestant.

In April 2023, de Maizière was one of the 22 guests at the ceremony in which Angela Merkel was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit for special achievement by President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at Schloss Bellevue in Berlin.[42]

References

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  1. ^ Arne Delfs (22 January 2014), Merkel Succession Beckons After von der Leyen’s Defense Posting Businessweek.
  2. ^ Arne Delfs (17 July 2014), Merkel at 60 Says No Rest on Laurels as Power Uncontested Bloomberg.
  3. ^ "Thomas de Maizière (CDU)". Federal Government. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  4. ^ Müller, Uwe (6 March 2011). "Die Familie de Maizière, eine deutsche Dynastie". Die Welt (in German). Welt. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  5. ^ a b Dempsey, Judy (2 March 2011). "Merkel Is Quick to Fill Open Cabinet Position". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  6. ^ a b Judy Dempsey (18 October 2005), Merkel shares history with aide International Herald Tribune.
  7. ^ a b Judy Dempsey (2 March 2011), Merkel Is Quick to Fill Open Cabinet Position International Herald Tribune.
  8. ^ Erik Kirschbaum and Eric Kelsey (2 March 2011), German ministers in cabinet reshuffle Reuters.
  9. ^ Germany outlaws charity over alleged Hamas links Haaretz, 12 July 2010.
  10. ^ Prisoner Plans: Germany Agrees to Take Two Inmates from Guantanamo Spiegel Online, 7 July 2010.
  11. ^ Germany tipped off Britain about mail bomb, minister says Haaretz, 31 October 2010.
  12. ^ Pidd, Helen (2 March 2011). "Angela Merkel appoints her closest adviser as defence minister". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  13. ^ "Neue Minister ernannt" [New ministers appointed]. Cabinet of Germany (in German). 3 March 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.[dead link‍]
  14. ^ Judy Dempsey (18 May 2011), Germany Plans Deep Cuts to Its Armed Forces International Herald Tribune.
  15. ^ Günther Bannas (30 May 2011), Hoffnung auf „Eurofighter"-Geschäft: Erste deutsch-indische Regierungskonsultationen Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
  16. ^ Expected Attendees at Tonight's State Dinner Office of the First Lady of the United States, press release of 7 June 2011.
  17. ^ Germany: Israeli military strike on Iran unlikely to succeed Haaretz, 12 February 2012.
  18. ^ Ofer Aderet (27 March 2012), Germany official: Meeting with Israel's Barak left me 'more concerned' of war with Iran Haaretz.
  19. ^ Barak Ravid (31 March 2012), Australia joins list of countries warning against Israeli strike on Iran Haaretz.
  20. ^ Judy Dempsey (11 June 2012), Europe Stays Quiet Despite Unease About Drones International Herald Tribune.
  21. ^ "Minister". Federal Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 6 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  22. ^ Council of the EU and Ministerial meetings European People’s Party (EPP).
  23. ^ "U.S. now bugging German ministers in place of Merkel: report". Reuters. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  24. ^ "Merkel's aides now on NSA radar, claims Dutch news report". Germany News.Net. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
  25. ^ Erik Kirschbaum (29 April 2015), Close Merkel ally de Maiziere rejects charges he lied Reuters.
  26. ^ Rainer Buergin and Arne Delfs (17 October 2014), Germany Clamps Down on Flow of Fighters to Islamic State Bloomberg News.
  27. ^ Germany Bans Extremist Turkish Paper, Conducts Raids The New York Times, 6 May 2015.
  28. ^ Francois Murphy (26 November 2015), German interior minister calls for European refugee cap: newspaper Reuters.
  29. ^ Noah Barkin (17 September 2015), Loyal Merkel ally in firing line over refugee crisis Reuters.
  30. ^ Caroline Copley (9 December 2015), German cabinet approves identity card for refugees Reuters.
  31. ^ Madeline Chambers (16 March 2016), Germany bans neo-Nazi group as fears of far-right grow Reuters.
  32. ^ Erste Deutsch-Türkische Regierungskonsultationen in Berlin Federal Government of Germany, press release of 15 January 2016.
  33. ^ Neuer Job: Thomas de Maizière lehrt Jura an der Leipziger Uni Leipziger Volkszeitung, 8 June 2018.
  34. ^ Christian Rothenberg (5 December 2018), So groß sind die Lager der Unterstützer für Merz, Spahn und Kramp-Karrenbauer Handelsblatt.
  35. ^ Change in leadership: Thomas de Maizière to be the new Chairman Deutsche Telekom Foundation.
  36. ^ 30 Jahre Friedliche Revolution und Deutsche Einheit Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community, press release of 3 April 2019.
  37. ^ Secretary General appoints group as part of NATO reflection process NATO, press release of 31 March 2020.
  38. ^ Markus Langner (12 May 2020), Ex-Bundesinnenminister De Maizière macht Schluss mit Bundestag BILD.
  39. ^ Alfons Frese (26 July 2023), Schlichter empfehlen 410 Euro mehr: Tarifkonflikt bei der Bahn ist vorerst beendet Der Tagesspiegel.
  40. ^ Dana Heide, Daniel Delhaes, Silke Kersting and Stephan Scheuer (6 September 2018), Thomas de Maizière hat sechs neue Jobs – auch einen bei der Telekom Handelsblatt.
  41. ^ Speech given at the ceremony honoring Thomas de Maizière on 7 June 2019 President of Germany.
  42. ^ Kati Degenhardt (17 April 2023), Merkels emotionaler Dank: "Er hatte Vieles auszuhalten" T-Online.

Publications

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Political offices
Preceded by Chief of the Chancellery
2005–2009 		Succeeded by
Vacant
Title last held by
Bodo Hombach 		Minister for Special Affairs
2005–2009
Preceded by Minister of the Interior
2009–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Defence
2011–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of the Interior
2013–2018 		Succeeded by
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