The Big Bang Theory season 3

(Redirected from The Gothowitz Deviation)

The third season of the American television sitcom The Big Bang Theory aired on CBS from September 21, 2009 to May 24, 2010. It received higher ratings than the previous two seasons with over 15 million viewers.[1] The third season saw the first appearances of future main cast members Melissa Rauch and Mayim Bialik as Bernadette Rostenkowski and Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler respectively.

The Big Bang Theory
Season 3
DVD cover art
Starring
No. of episodes23
Release
Original networkCBS
Original releaseSeptember 21, 2009 (2009-09-21) –
May 24, 2010 (2010-05-24)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 2
Next →
Season 4
List of episodes

Christine Baranski was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards for the episode, "The Maternal Congruence". Jim Parsons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for the episode "The Pants Alternative".

Cast

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Episodes

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No.
overall
No. in
season
TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
411"The Electric Can Opener Fluctuation"Mark CendrowskiSteven MolaroSeptember 21, 2009 (2009-09-21)3X555112.96[2]
When the men return home from their expedition at the Magnetic North Pole, Penny reveals her feelings for Leonard and kisses him when he visits her. Both are interrupted when Sheldon is humiliated on learning that Leonard, Howard and Raj tampered with one of his experiments, and retreats to his mother's home in Galveston, Texas. When Leonard arrives in Texas, it is Mary who convinces Sheldon to forgive him by disagreeing with his views on evolution. Leonard and Penny then finally have sex, but concede that things are now weird between them.
422"The Jiminy Conjecture"Mark CendrowskiJim ReynoldsSeptember 28, 2009 (2009-09-28)3X555213.27[3]
Leonard and Penny vacillate between friendship and a romantic relationship, struggling to resolve the awkwardness. In an attempt to feel comfortable and talk about a solution, they end up getting drunk in her apartment and throwing up all night. Sheldon and Howard stake their most valuable comic books on a bet over the species of a cricket they hear, enlisting a depressed entomologist to settle the bet. After Sheldon loses the bet, he meets Penny and after talking to her about Leonard, assures her that she and Leonard can always go back to being friends. After she explains this to Leonard, the two agree to do so, but they find that neither wants to and have sex again.
433"The Gothowitz Deviation"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Lee Aronsohn & Richard Rosenstock
Teleplay by : Bill Prady & Maria Ferrari
October 5, 2009 (2009-10-05)3X555312.52[4]
Penny's bed in her apartment breaks, forcing her to sleep at Leonard and Sheldon's apartment for a few days. Sheldon tries to condition Penny, rewarding with chocolate what he considers to be "correct" behavior. Howard and Raj pretend to be goths to try to meet girls at a goth club, but chicken out when the girls persuade them to get tattoos.
444"The Pirate Solution"Mark CendrowskiSteve HollandOctober 12, 2009 (2009-10-12)3X555413.07[5]
Raj's research on trans-Neptunian objects comes to a dead end and he faces deportation to India unless he gets a new job. Sheldon offers Raj a chance to work for him. Raj accepts but disagreements ensue. Eventually, Sheldon apologizes to Raj, conceding that his theory is correct but refusing to give up on his own. Howard tries to hang out with Leonard and Penny, but intrudes into their relationship.
455"The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Bill Prady
Teleplay by : Lee Aronsohn & Steven Molaro
October 19, 2009 (2009-10-19)3X555613.47[6]
Howard reminds Leonard of their girlfriend pact: one of the two men (Leonard) who has a girlfriend (Penny) must have her set the other man (Howard) up on a date with her friend. After prodding by Leonard, a reluctant Penny sets up Howard with her friend Bernadette, though they find they have little in common. However, the two bond over their respective relationships with their mothers. Sheldon enters a collectible card game tournament, with Raj as his partner, to compete against his rival Wil Wheaton, who inadvertently humiliated Sheldon when he was a child.
466"The Cornhusker Vortex"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Bill Prady & Steven Molaro
Teleplay by : Dave Goetsch & Richard Rosenstock
November 2, 2009 (2009-11-02)3X555512.73[7]
Leonard attempts to fit in with Penny's football-loving friends, despite initially knowing nothing about the game. However, it is Sheldon who surprises him with a large amount of football knowledge (forced on him by his father in his childhood), which Leonard later brings to Penny's football party. When Leonard refuses to fly kites with Sheldon, upsetting him as he never got to experience a normal childhood, Penny feels bad and allows Leonard to go, especially after pointing out how he is boring everyone at the party. Howard upsets Raj by repeatedly abandoning him during activities to pursue women.
477"The Guitarist Amplification"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Lee Aronsohn
Teleplay by : Bill Prady & Richard Rosenstock & Jim Reynolds
November 9, 2009 (2009-11-09)3X555712.80[8]
When Penny announces that her guitarist friend, whom she dated twice, is going to sleep on her couch for the next few days, Leonard is upset that she did not ask him first. Sheldon is upset by reminders of his quarreling parents as Leonard and Penny fight, Raj argues with his parents and Howard argues with his mother.
488"The Adhesive Duck Deficiency"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Bill Prady & Dave Goetsch
Teleplay by : Steven Molaro & Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari
November 16, 2009 (2009-11-16)3X555813.23[9]
Sheldon, despite never having driven a car before, is forced to drive Penny to the hospital after she slips in the shower. Leonard, Raj and Howard go on a camping trip to watch the Leonid meteor shower, but all succumb to the effects of "magic" cookies given to them by Deadhead campers nearby, causing them to blurt out weird secrets including Howard losing his virginity to his second cousin and they forget about the meteor shower.
499"The Vengeance Formulation"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Maria Ferrari
Teleplay by : Richard Rosenstock & Jim Reynolds & Steve Holland
November 23, 2009 (2009-11-23)3X555914.13[10]
After three successful dates, Howard reflects on the future of his relationship with Bernadette. He surprises her with a last-minute proposal, which she declines as it is much too soon for either of them. However, he wins her over by performing a cheesy love song, which she finds as romantic. A prank fight between Sheldon and Kripke begins when the latter severely embarrasses the former on National Public Radio's talk show Science Friday by filling Sheldon's office with helium, giving him a high-pitched voice. It ends with Sheldon dropping foam from the ceiling into Kripke's office, but accidentally does it when President Siebert and the Board of Directors are there to see Kripke's progress on one of his experiments. Afterwards, a pre-recorded message from Sheldon plays from Kripke's computer, explaining that Sheldon was responsible and that Leonard and Raj were involved.
5010"The Gorilla Experiment"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Richard Rosenstock & Steve Holland
Teleplay by : Bill Prady & Steven Molaro & Maria Ferrari
December 7, 2009 (2009-12-07)3X556014.38[11]
Howard becomes jealous of Leonard after Bernadette shows an interest in his work, causing friction in the relationship of all three. Penny becomes jealous over not being able to talk to Leonard about his job, and asks Sheldon to teach her about physics to mixed results.
5111"The Maternal Congruence"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Lee Aronsohn & Steven Molaro & Richard Rosenstock & Maria Ferrari
Teleplay by : Chuck Lorre & Bill Prady & Dave Goetsch
December 14, 2009 (2009-12-14)3X556215.58[12]
At Christmas, Leonard's mother visits, much to Leonard's horror and Sheldon's delight. Penny is upset to learn that Leonard has not told her about his mother's visit, nor his mother about their relationship, while Leonard learns that Sheldon appears to know more about his parents' lives than he does.
5212"The Psychic Vortex"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Lee Aronsohn & Steven Molaro
Teleplay by : Chuck Lorre & Eric Kaplan & Jim Reynolds
January 11, 2010 (2010-01-11)3X556115.82[13]
Penny is upset when Leonard derides her for taking advice from a psychic. Awkward situations ensue as Sheldon and Raj date two women they met at a university mixer, Raj having bribed Sheldon to be his wingman.
5313"The Bozeman Reaction"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Bill Prady & Lee Aronsohn & Jim Reynolds
Teleplay by : Chuck Lorre & Steven Molaro & Steve Holland
January 18, 2010 (2010-01-18)3X556315.05[14]
Sheldon fears for his safety after his and Leonard's apartment is burgled, and takes various measures to try to increase his security.
5414"The Einstein Approximation"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Lee Aronsohn & Dave Goetsch & Steve Holland
Teleplay by : Chuck Lorre & Steven Molaro & Eric Kaplan
February 1, 2010 (2010-02-01)3X556515.51[15]

After becoming obsessed with a physics problem, Sheldon decides to take a menial job, comparing himself to Albert Einstein, who conceived his theory of relativity while working at the Swiss patent office. Meanwhile, Raj feels left out when Leonard, Penny, Howard and Bernadette go on a double-date at a roller skating rink.

Guest Star: Yeardley Smith as Sandy.
5515"The Large Hadron Collision"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Steven Molaro & Jim Reynolds
Teleplay by : Lee Aronsohn & Richard Rosenstock & Maria Ferrari
February 8, 2010 (2010-02-08)3X556416.26[1]
When Leonard gets two tickets to a conference in Switzerland to visit the Large Hadron Collider, Sheldon becomes dismayed when Leonard plans to take Penny instead of him for a Valentine's Day skiing trip. After failing to convince Leonard to change his mind, Sheldon tries to convince Penny to drop out, which leads Leonard to terminate his friendship with Sheldon. However, when Penny has caught the flu, Leonard changes his mind and allows Sheldon to go, only to find out he is sick as well, causing him to take Raj. It is later revealed that Sheldon caught it from Penny when he hugged her.
5616"The Excelsior Acquisition"Peter ChakosStory by : Chuck Lorre & Lee Aronsohn & Steven Molaro
Teleplay by : Bill Prady & Steve Holland & Maria Ferrari
March 1, 2010 (2010-03-01)3X556615.73[16]
Sheldon tries to meet Stan Lee at a comic book signing, but is stymied by having to appear in court for driving too slow and running a red light while taking Penny to the hospital in the episode "The Adhesive Duck Deficiency", and enlists Penny to help him win the judge's favor.
5717"The Precious Fragmentation"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Lee Aronsohn & Eric Kaplan & Maria Ferrari
Teleplay by : Bill Prady & Steven Molaro & Richard Rosenstock
March 8, 2010 (2010-03-08)3X556716.32[17]

Sheldon, Raj, Leonard and Howard acquire a collectible casting of the One Ring, which turns out to be a prop from The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. The group is conflicted on what to do: Leonard wants to send it back to Peter Jackson, Raj wants to sell it and use the profits to buy a jet ski, and both Howard and Sheldon want to keep it for themselves. Leonard gives it to Penny for safekeeping, but Sheldon attempts to steal it while she sleeps and she punches him in the nose. The fight escalates at lunch at the university when all of the guys grab the ring and begin a holding contest, with the last one holding on the keeper of the ring. They somehow walk out the door of the university, get in a car and drive home. Leonard drops out when Penny tempts him with sex. The remaining three try several mind tricks on each other to give up the ring such as attacking their mothers or trying to make the other go pee, which works and Sheldon and Howard have to somehow urinate without letting go of the ring.

In the end, the guys fall asleep on the couch, with no one holding the ring. When they wake up, Leonard tells them he sent it back to Peter Jackson and berates them for their childish behavior and that they would take the ring over having friends, since most likely whoever got the ring would have been made an outcast by the others. However, it is revealed Leonard secretly pocketed the ring and is being kept in a shoe box in his room. Sheldon attempts to steal it again while Penny and Leonard were sleeping, but Sheldon and Leonard get into another argument making Penny leave the apartment.
5818"The Pants Alternative"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Bill Prady & Steve Holland
Teleplay by : Eric Kaplan & Richard Rosenstock & Jim Reynolds
March 22, 2010 (2010-03-22)3X556813.42[18]
The characters try to help Sheldon overcome his fear of public speaking in time for him to accept a science award. He is still nervous until Penny gets him drunk, causing him to spiral into a meltdown on stage which quickly goes viral.
5919"The Wheaton Recurrence"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Steven Molaro & Nicole Lorre & Jessica Ambrosetti
Teleplay by : Bill Prady & Dave Goetsch & Jim Reynolds & Maria Ferrari
April 12, 2010 (2010-04-12)3X556913.39[19]
Leonard and Penny reflect on their relationship after Penny does not reciprocate when Leonard tells her he loves her. At a bowling match with Stuart and others, including Sheldon's rival Wil Wheaton, the two question their future together, but Wheaton may also be interfering.
6020"The Spaghetti Catalyst"Anthony RichChuck Lorre & Bill Prady & Lee Aronsohn & Steven MolaroMay 3, 2010 (2010-05-03)3X557011.63[20]
Sheldon tries to maintain his friendships with Leonard and Penny, now that they have broken up, as they consider whether they can still be friends with each other.
6121"The Plimpton Stimulation"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Chuck Lorre & Bill Prady & Lee Aronsohn
Teleplay by : Steven Molaro & Jim Reynolds & Maria Ferrari
May 10, 2010 (2010-05-10)3X557113.73[21]
Dr. Elizabeth Plimpton, a cosmological physicist from Princeton University, accepts Sheldon's invitation to stay over at the apartment during her visit to Caltech. However, she instead takes an immediate interest in Leonard, and the two end up sleeping together, inciting jealousy from Penny. However, it quickly becomes clear that Leonard and Elizabeth both have very different ideas about the nature of their relationship, when she sleeps with Raj and tries to convince Leonard and Howard (who has just broken up with Bernadette) to engage in a foursome with them.
6222"The Staircase Implementation"Mark CendrowskiStory by : Lee Aronsohn & Steven Molaro & Steve Holland
Teleplay by : Chuck Lorre & Dave Goetsch & Maria Ferrari
May 17, 2010 (2010-05-17)3X557215.02[22]
After Leonard and Sheldon have a fight about the thermostat temperature, the former takes shelter in Penny’s apartment. While he is there, he talks about how he originally met Sheldon in 2003. Leonard saw an ad about the offer of being a roommate to someone and took it because of its reasonable rent, but is warned by other tenants of Sheldon’s eccentricity. After passing some trials and signing to the Roommate Agreement, Leonard moves in. He clashes with Sheldon after he interrupts sex with a girl Leonard brought home and is constantly frustrated by his behavior. He invites his friends, Howard and Raj, to come use some genuine rocket fuel (that he had after working on a top secret government project) to power a model Howard brought, but Sheldon consistently warns him he got the formula wrong to convert the rocket fuel into something able to be used for the model. Leonard ignores Sheldon’s warnings and continues with the formula, but it begins smoking and they try to take it outside via the elevator, but Sheldon grabs the formula and pushes Leonard out of it moments before the rocket fuel explodes, destroying the elevator and revealing why it is always out of order. After the story, Penny convinces Leonard to reconcile with Sheldon, and the former does go over back to the apartment to apologize, but inevitably another argument arises when Leonard tries to watch Babylon 5, a show Sheldon dislikes.
6323"The Lunar Excitation"Peter ChakosStory by : Chuck Lorre & Bill Prady & Maria Ferrari
Teleplay by : Lee Aronsohn & Steven Molaro & Steve Holland
May 24, 2010 (2010-05-24)3X557315.02[23]
Penny introduces her new boyfriend Zack to the other characters as they set up an experiment to bounce a laser off the moon using one of the laser reflectors left by the Apollo program, but grows disappointed with him as she watches him interact with the group. She later breaks up with him and drunkenly rants at Leonard for ruining her ability to tolerate idiots before proceeding to engage in sex with him, leading Leonard to hypothesize that he too can initiate drunken sex, which he tests throughout the episode. Meanwhile, Raj and Howard create a profile for Sheldon on a dating website without his knowledge, which to their surprise matches him with a woman named Amy Farrah Fowler. The two force Sheldon to meet Amy, and are surprised when Sheldon and Amy have a lot in common, ranging from their aversion to soiled hosiery, to their overbearing mothers.

Ratings

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Viewership and ratings per episode of The Big Bang Theory season 3
No. Title Air date Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
1 "The Electric Can Opener Fluctuation" September 21, 2009 4.7/11 12.96[2]
2 "The Jiminy Conjecture" September 28, 2009 5.3/13 13.27[3]
3 "The Gothowitz Deviation" October 5, 2009 4.5/10 12.52[4]
4 "The Pirate Solution" October 12, 2009 5.0/12 13.07[5]
5 "The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary" October 19, 2009 5.3/13 13.47[6]
6 "The Cornhusker Vortex" November 2, 2009 4.7/11 12.73[7]
7 "The Guitarist Amplification" November 9, 2009 4.7/11 12.79[8]
8 "The Adhesive Duck Deficiency" November 16, 2009 5.0/12 13.23[9]
9 "The Vengeance Formulation" November 23, 2009 5.2/13 14.13[10]
10 "The Gorilla Experiment" December 7, 2009 5.6/13 14.38[11]
11 "The Maternal Congruence" December 14, 2009 5.6/14 15.58[12]
12 "The Psychic Vortex" January 11, 2010 5.7/14 15.82[13]
13 "The Bozeman Reaction" January 18, 2010 5.2/12 14.99[14]
14 "The Einstein Approximation" February 1, 2010 5.4/13 15.51[15]
15 "The Large Hadron Collision" February 8, 2010 6.0/14 16.26[1]
16 "The Excelsior Acquisition" March 1, 2010 5.9/14 15.73[16]
17 "The Precious Fragmentation" March 8, 2010 5.9/15 16.32[17]
18 "The Pants Alternative" March 22, 2010 5.2/13 13.42[18]
19 "The Wheaton Recurrence" April 12, 2010 5.1/13 13.39[19]
20 "The Spaghetti Catalyst" May 3, 2010 4.6/12 11.63[20]
21 "The Plimpton Stimulation" May 10, 2010 5.3/13 13.73[21]
22 "The Staircase Implementation" May 17, 2010 5.5/14 15.02[22]
23 "The Lunar Excitation" May 24, 2010 5.2/13 14.78[23]

Reception

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The third season received critical acclaim. Maureen Ryan of Chicago Tribune who wrote that "Big Bang Theory, which is in its third season, is doing many things very right",[24] Alan Sepinwall of The Star-Ledger wrote "the Penny/Sheldon interaction was gold, as always",[25] and Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly, who wrote that "what lifts The Big Bang Theory into frequent excellence is its one constant from the start: the brilliantly nuanced performance of Jim Parsons".[26]

The American Film Institute ranked season three one of the ten best television seasons of 2009.[27]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Super Night for CBS's Comedy Power Hour". CBS. February 9, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
  2. ^ a b Seidman, Robert (September 22, 2009). "Monday broadcast final numbers". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  3. ^ a b Seidman, Robert (September 29, 2009). "Big Bang Theory's BANG even louder in final numbers, rises to 5.3 w/adults 18–49". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 4, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  4. ^ a b Seidman, Robert (October 6, 2009). ""The Big Bang Theory" builds on its lead-in for third straight week". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  5. ^ a b "CBS Wins Monday in Key Demos". CBS. October 13, 2009. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  6. ^ a b "The Biggest Bang Yet!". CBS. October 20, 2009. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  7. ^ a b ""How I Met Your Mother" Delivers Largest Audience Since Its Season Premiere". CBS. November 3, 2009. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  8. ^ a b "CBS Wins the Week in Viewers". The Futon Critic. November 18, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  9. ^ a b "CBS Places First on Monday in Adults 18-49 and Adults 25-54". CBS. November 18, 2009. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  10. ^ a b "Monday Comedies Lead CBS to Win in Key Demos". CBS. November 24, 2009. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  11. ^ a b Seidman, Robert (December 8, 2009). "Monday Finals: Big Bang Theory drops a tick; Castle drops two ticks". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on December 11, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  12. ^ a b "Viewers embrace CBS Monday". CBS. December 15, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
  13. ^ a b Seidman, Robert (January 12, 2010). "Monday Broadcast Finals Plus Chuck Quarter Hour Detail". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  14. ^ a b "Two and a Half Men and "The Big Bang Theory" Are the Week's Top Two Scripted Programs in Viewers and Key Demographics". The Futon Critic. January 26, 2010. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  15. ^ a b "CBS sweeps Monday in viewers and Key demographics". CBS. February 3, 2010. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  16. ^ a b "CBS's Monday Comedy Block grows opposite "The Bachelor" final and Olympic-Promoted NBC". CBS. March 2, 2010. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
  17. ^ a b "Editor's Note: With final Monday ratings in, The Big Bang Theory has now reached a new series high in viewers (16.32m) and was the night's top program in adults 18-49 (5.9/15), up a tenth from this morning. -- "Two and a Half Men" Soars to Its Best Adult 18-49 Rating in Three Years". CBS. March 9, 2010. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  18. ^ a b Seidman, Robert (March 23, 2010). "Monday Finals: "Dancing With the Stars" Rises; "Castle" Falls". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  19. ^ a b Gorman, Bill (April 13, 2010). "Monday Broadcast Finals: Dancing, 2.5 Men, Big Bang Adjusted Up; Castle, CSI: Miami, 24 Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on April 17, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  20. ^ a b Seidman, Robert (May 4, 2010). "Monday Finals:"House," "Big Bang" Adjusted Up; "Romantically Challenged," "Castle" Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on May 7, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  21. ^ a b ""The Big Bang Theory" Makes Monday's Loudest Noise in Adults 18-34, Adults 18-49 and Adults 25-54". CBS. May 11, 2010. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  22. ^ a b "This Just In... From CBS Entertainment... "The Big Bang Theory" Tops Monday in Key Demos". CBS. May 18, 2010. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  23. ^ a b "CBS Finishes the Last Week of the Season with Nine of the Top 10 Scripted Series". The Futon Critic. June 2, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  24. ^ Ryan, Maureen (January 10, 2010). "Having Big fun on a hit comedy: A chat with Big Bang Theory's Johnny Galecki". Chicago Tribune. tronc. Archived from the original on September 12, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  25. ^ Sepinwall, Alan (December 8, 2009). "Big Bang Theory, "The Gorilla Experiment": Howard's girlfriend Bernadette". The Star-Ledger. Advance Publications. Archived from the original on April 13, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  26. ^ Tucker, Ken (March 24, 2010). "The Big Bang Theory". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  27. ^ "AFI Awards 2009". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
General references
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