Thabaton, lovingly called as Thaba,[1][2] was a lady in Meitei mythology and folklore of Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). She had seven elder brothers who took care of her at every cost. She was kidnapped by Keibu Keioiba, a tiger headed man, during the absence of her siblings. After staying at the captivity of the beast for some time, she was later rescued and freed from bondage by her brothers.[3]
| Thabaton | |
|---|---|
Lady with seven brothers | |
_and_Thabaton_(Thaba).jpeg) Lady Thabaton and her suitor Keibu Keioiba | |
| Other names | Thabaaton, Thaba, Thabaa |
| Meitei | ꯊꯕꯥꯇꯣꯟ |
| Affiliation | Meitei mythology and Meitei folklore |
| Gender | female |
| Region | Kangleipak (Meitei for 'Manipur') |
| Ethnic group | Meitei people |
| Genealogy | |
| Siblings | 7 brothers |
| Consort | Keibu Keioiba[a] |
The story of Thabaton and Keibu Keioiba is considered as one of the classic examples of the Meitei folk legends that is passed down through generation to generation.[4]
Legend
editThabaton (Meitei: ꯊꯕꯥꯇꯣꯟ) was born as the only daughter of her parents, alongside seven sons. So, she was the darling sister of her seven elder brothers. Once all her brothers went to a distant place for some time, she was left alone at home.[5] While leaving home, her brothers told her some code words which when told to her only, she should open the door of her house. There was an old woman at her neighboring house. Unfortunately, the old lady heard those code words. Some time after the brothers left, in one fateful night, Keibu Keioiba (Meitei: ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯏꯕ), the tiger headed man, entered into the house of the old lady, to devour her flesh. To save herself from being killed, the old lady told Keibu Keioiba about the young, beautiful and lonely Thabaton. Having the curiosity about her, Keibu Keioiba attempted to open the door of Thabaton's house. At first attempt, it failed. Later, when the old lady told him the code words, he recited it standing in front of the door. Hearing to the correctly said words, Thabaton misunderstood that the person might be one of her brothers. So, she opened the door from inside the house. Thus, Thabaton was abducted by Keibu Keioiba. She was held captive in the den (cave in another version of the story) of Keibu Keioiba in the middle of the thick woodlands. On the other side, after some time ("months" or "years" according to different versions of the story), her brothers returned home and found her missing. The old lady informed them about the abduction. So, the brothers came to search for Thabaton. After some time, she was discovered by her brothers. She tricked the beast to fetch water from the stream using a bamboo pipe (bamboo container) (Meitei: ꯎꯇꯣꯡ). The bamboo pipe was actually hollow from both sides, which was unknown to Keibu Keioiba. Keioiba could never fully fill the bamboo pipe, thereby endlessly fetching water. On the other hand, after burning down Keibu Keioiba's home, Thabaton and her brothers fled from the spot.[6]
Code words
editThe code words that was instructed to Thabaton by her brothers and later used by Keibu Keioiba to make her open the door is quoted as:
"Sana O, Naril O
Chenga Pellona
Ebung gi Ebema Thabaton
Ebung Lakle
Thong hanglo."[6]
English translation of the code words is as follows:
"Oh! Gold, Oh! Silver,
Put on the door bar,
your brother has come,
open the door."[6]
Way of abduction
editThe way lady Thabaton was abducted by Keibu Keioiba varies according to different versions of the story.
In most versions, Thabaton was tricked by Keibu Keioiba by reciting the code words learned from the neighborhood old woman. Upon hearing the correctly said code words, she believed it might be one of her brothers for sure. And so, she opened the door. Thus, she was abducted.[6]
In some versions, Keibu Keioiba recited the code words correctly but his voice alerted Thabaton as it did not resemble any of her brothers' voices. So, the old woman intervened by asking Thabaton to lend her a needle. Thabaton told her to take it from a small hole through the wall of the house. The old woman persuaded her to open the door a little bit so that she could directly take the needle from her hands as her eyesight wasn't good enough due to old age to take the needle through tiny hole of the house. Thabaton, feeling pity for her, opened the door a little bit. Taking advantage of the situation, Keibu Keioiba, who was hiding behind the old woman, sprang out, forcibly open the door and abducted the helpless Thabaton.[7][8]
Portrayal analysis
editThabaton was described as a lady well known for "her chastity, beauty, loyalty, and obedience to her brothers". She is described as grown up in a family of poor brothers who lived from hand to mouth.[9]
Thabaton was a witty lady. She used her wisdom during the time she was abducted by Keibu Keioiba. To leave the tracks of her, she tore her clothes into small pieces and threw them on the way she was taken away so that her brothers could find her later on.[7][8][10] In some versions of the story, using her wisdom, lady Thabaton planned to kill Keibu Keioiba and the treacherous old woman. She asked Keibu Keioiba that she wanted an old woman's skin. Keibu Keioiba, who dearly loved her, fulfilled her wish by killing and skinning the old woman. Later, Thabaton gave Keibu Keioiba a hollow bamboo pipe (or bamboo pole) to fetch water. Keioiba Keioiba, unknown of the hollowness of the container, went to fetch water, which took him endless efforts but always in vain. During his absence, Thabaton and her brothers burned down the house of Keibu Keioiba, by putting the woman's skin inside the house in such a way that it could be seen from outside. Upon being revealed the reality of the bamboo container and the live situation happening in his home by a crow, Keibu Keioiba immediately returned home. Seeing the woman's skin burning inside the house, thoughtless Keibu Keioiba assumed it to be Thabaton getting burned. He jumped in the house and died in fire.[b][7][8][10]
In the "Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines" by Patricia Monaghan, Thabaton was described as a sex slave of Keibu Keioiba.[10]
Moral
editThe story of Thabaton gives the moral that "Smart person won't open door to stranger."[11]
Movie character
edit| Thabaton | |
|---|---|
| Keibu Keioiba (Tiger Head) character | |
%22.jpeg) The appearance of the animated film character Thabaton in the 2009 Meitei language animation film "Keibu Keioiba (Tiger Head)" | |
| First appearance |
|
| Created by | Bhumenjoy Konsam |
| Based on | Thabaton |
| Designed by | Bhumenjoy Konsam[12] |
| Portrayed by | Bhumenjoy Konsam[12] |
| Voiced by | Kalpana[12] |
| In-universe information | |
| Full name | Thabaton |
| Nickname | Thaba |
| Species | human being |
| Gender | female |
| Title | Mabung Taretki Thabaton (Meitei for 'Thabaton of the seven brothers') |
| Occupation | sister of 7 brothers, housekeeping |
| Family | 7 siblings |
| Spouse | Keibu Keioiba |
| Significant other | talking crow[12] |
| Relatives | seven brothers |
| Religion | Meitei religion |
| Origin | Kangleipak (Meitei for 'Manipur') |
In the 2009 animation film Keibu Keioiba (Tiger Head), the creation of Thabaton's character was a challenge to the filmmakers. In accordance to the filmmakers, Thabaton's age was assumed to be between 16 and 20 years. And her eldest brother's age was assumed to be around 30. The animation artists found it hard to develop the features of the faces and physiques of Thabaton and her seven different but lookalike brothers who all belong to one family having the age range between 10 and 14 years.[12]
The making of Thabaton's character was extremely time-consuming in comparison to others. It was because artist Bhumenjoy was not handy in creating feminine arts. Observing from the photos of women, artist Bhumenjoy later attempted to draw Thabaton's image. While doing so, he used to remember hairstyles, eyes, height, dresses and everything about the female character. Later on, the innocent looks of lady Thabaton was finally created.[12]
Depictions in popular culture
edit- Dr. Iram Babu Singh reproduced a tape-recorded version of the story of "Thabaton" narrated by Tombi Devi, from Keinou village in Manipur in February 1980. The tale was later translated by Dr. Singh.[13]
- In the 2009 animation feature film Keibu Keioiba (Tiger Head) (Meitei: ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯏꯕ), the story of Thabaton being kidnapped by Keibu Keioiba and later rescued by her brothers was featured.[14][12]
- In the play Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba (Meitei: ꯌꯥꯃꯥꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯕꯨ ꯀꯩꯑꯣꯏꯕ), written and directed by Heisnam Tomba, under the production of the Kalakshetra Manipur, the character of Thabaton (alias Thaba) was played by Thangjam Salini.[15]
Similar characters
edit- Kushinada being rescued from the Yamata no Orochi[15]
- Belle, in association with the Beast, in the fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast"[16]
- Andromeda being rescued from the sea monster[citation needed]
- Sita being abducted by Ravana[17]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Some folklorists opined that Thabaton was just a captive of Keibu Keioiba; some opined Thabaton to be Keibu Keioiba's wife; Patricia Monaghan opined that Thabaton is a sex slave of Keibu Keioiba.
- ^ The way Keibu Keioiba was killed in this version of the story is totally different from the general version of the story.
References
edit- ^ Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1993). Folk Culture of Manipur. Manas Publications. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7049-063-0.
- ^ Regunathan, Sudhamahi (2005). Folk Tales of the North-East. Children's Book Trust. p. 49. ISBN 978-81-7011-967-8.
She was called Thabaton and was the youngest sister of seven brothers who lovingly called her Thaba.
- ^ PhD, Patricia Monaghan (2014). Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines. New World Library. p. 127. ISBN 978-1-60868-218-8.
- ^ Meitei, Sanjenbam Yaiphaba; Chaudhuri, Sarit K.; Arunkumar, M. C. (2020). The Cultural Heritage of Manipur. Routledge. p. 342. ISBN 978-1-000-29629-7.
- ^ Borgohain, B. K.; Choudhury, Pranab Chandra Roy (1975). Folk Tales of Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura & Mizoram. Sterling Publishers. p. 59.
There's a beautiful young girl named Thabaton . She is the only girl among eight children of their parents . All her seven brothers have left her locked inside the house and gone off to work and earn her dowry ...
- ^ a b c d Bhattacharyya, Rituparna (29 July 2022). Northeast India Through the Ages: A Transdisciplinary Perspective on Prehistory, History, and Oral History. Taylor & Francis. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-000-62390-1.
- ^ a b c Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999). "Thabaton (Manipur)". Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. pp. 101–106. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
- ^ a b c Adhikary, Qiron (2003). Feminist Folktales from India. Masalai Press. pp. 48–52. ISBN 978-0-9714127-3-6.
- ^ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
- ^ a b c Monaghan, Patricia (2009). Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-313-34990-4.
- ^ MacDonald, Margaret Read; Sturm, Brian W. (2001). The Storyteller's Sourcebook: A Subject, Title, and Motif Index to Folklore Collections for Children, 1983-1999. Gale Group. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-8103-5485-2.
Smart person won't open door to stranger. Seven brothers leave sister (271.5.1). Thabaton, with warning not to open door until they return. With help of neigh- bor woman, who doesn't want to be eaten, tiger demon tricks Thabaton into opening door, carries her into ...
- ^ a b c d e f g Singh, Naorem Nishikanta. "Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part II". Manipur Times. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
- ^ Singh, Naorem Nishikanta. "Bhumenjoy Konsam on the Chemistry of Making Keibu-Kei-Oiba – Part I". Manipur Times. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ a b "Heisnam Tomba's Play: Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba". StageBuzz. 16 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ Seagull Theatre Quarterly. Seagull Foundation for the Arts. 1996. p. 29.
- ^ Beck, Brenda E. F.; Claus, Peter J.; Goswami, Praphulladatta; Handoo, Jawaharlal (1999). Folktales of India. University of Chicago Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-226-04083-7.
External links
edit- Thabaton at e-pao
.net - Oinam, Bhagat; Sadokpam, Dhiren A. (11 May 2018). Northeast India: A Reader. Taylor & Francis. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-429-95320-0.