Tenggerese (sometimes referred to as Tengger Javanese) is a language used by the Tenggerese people in the mountain region of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park which includes Pasuruan Regency, Probolinggo Regency, Malang Regency and Lumajang Regency of East Java, Indonesia.
| Tenggerese | |
|---|---|
| Båså Tengger ꦧꦱꦠꦼꦁꦒꦼꦂ | |
| Region | Java, Indonesia |
| Ethnicity | Tenggerese people |
Native speakers | 500,000[1] (2010 census)[2] |
Austronesian
| |
| Javanese and Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tes |
| Glottolog | teng1272 |
Linguistically, Tenggerese is considered to be a dialect of Javanese, a Malayo-Polynesian language under the Austronesian language family. Some linguists regard Tenggerese as a descendant of the ancient Kawi language, as it has retained old vocabulary that is no longer used in modern Javanese.[3]
Distribution edit
Tenggerese is spoken in regions that are settled by the Tenggerese people in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park area:
- Tosari, Pasuruan Regency
- Sakapura district, Probolinggo Regency
- Ngadas village, Poncokusomo district, Malang Regency
- Ranu Pani village, Senduro district, Lumajang Regency
Grammar edit
A few examples of words in Tenggerese:
| Tenggerese language | Indonesian language | English |
|---|---|---|
| reang | aku | I (for male) |
| isun | aku | I (for female) |
| sira | kamu | you |
| rika | anda | you (for an older person) |
When the alphabet "A" is read as "O" in modern Javanese, in Tenggerese it is still read as "A".[4]
References edit
- ^ "Publication Name". Sp2010.bps.go.id. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
- ^ Tenggerese at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati 2016, p. 2
- ^ Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati 2016, p. 9
Bibliography edit
- Conners, Thomas J. (2008). Tengger Javanese (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Yale University. hdl:10079/bibid/9845157.
- Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati (2016). "Phonological system of Tengger dialect: In Ngoko speech level". Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics. 1 (1). doi:10.21462/ijefll.v1i1.3.
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