Yugh (/ˈjɡ/ YOOG; Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.[5] It went extinct by 1972.[1] It was once regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate, and was therefore called Sym Ket or Southern Ket; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three nonfluent speakers remaining,[2] and the language was virtually extinct. The 2002 census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.[6] In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted, also stating their proficiency in Yugh,[7] while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted,[8] 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.[4]

Yugh
Sym Ket
Дьук
Ďuk
Pronunciation[ɟuk]
Native toRussia
RegionYenisei River
Ethnicity7 Yughs (2020)
Extinct1972[1]
2-3 nonfluent speakers (1991)[2][3]
3 (2020)[4]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
yug – Yug
yuu – Yugh (deprecated)
yug
Glottologyugh1239
yugh1240  additional bibliography
ELPYug
Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages.
Yug is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
Numerals in Yeniseian languages

Phonology

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Vowels

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Vowels of Yugh[9]
Front Central Back
Close i [i] ɨ [ɨ] u [u]
Close-mid e [e] ə [ə] o [o]
Open-mid ɛ [ɛ] ʌ [ʌ] ɔ [ɔ]
Open a [a]

Consonants

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Consonants of Yugh[9]
Labial Dental Palatal Velar Uvular Laryngeal/
Pharyngeal
Plosive voiceless p [p] t [t] tʼ [] k [k] (q [q]) ʔ [ʔ]
voiced b [b] d [d] dʼ [] g [g]
Fricative voiceless f [f] s [s][ʃ]ʼ [ʃʲ] χ [χ]
voiced (v [v]) z [z][ʒ]ʼ [ʒʲ] j [j] [ɣ] (R [ʁ])
Affricate (c [t͡s]) čʼ [t͡ʃ]
Nasal m [m] n [n] nʼ [] ŋ [ŋ]    
Trill [r]
Lateral l [l]/lʼ []

Notes

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  1. ^ a b Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26
  2. ^ a b Yugh language at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)  
  3. ^ Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (March 1991). "The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR". Diogenes. 39 (153): 67–83. doi:10.1177/039219219103915305. ISSN 0392-1921.
  4. ^ a b Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
  5. ^ Vajda, Edward J. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original on 2019-04-06. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
  6. ^ 2002 Russian census data
  7. ^ 2010 Russian census data
  8. ^ Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения
  9. ^ a b Werner, Heinrich (1997). Das Jugische (sym-ketische). Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03999-4.

References

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