Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics

The swimming competitions at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were due to take place from 25 July to 6 August 2020 at the Olympic Aquatics Centre. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the games were postponed to 2021. However, their official name remained 2020 Summer Olympics with swimming events set for 24 July–1 August 2021[1] and marathon swimming set for 4–5 August 2021.[2]

Swimming
at the Games of the XXXII Olympiad
Pictograms for Swimming (left) and Marathon Swimming (right)
VenueTokyo Aquatics Centre (pool)
Odaiba Marine Park (open water)
Dates24 July – 1 August 2021
4–5 August 2021 (Marathon)
No. of events37
Competitors1000
← 2016
2024 →

Swimming featured a record total of 37 events (18 for each gender and 1 mixed), with the addition of the men's 800 m freestyle, women's 1500 m freestyle, and the mixed 4 × 100 m medley relay.

Events

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Swimming at the 2020 Olympics featured a total of 37 events (18 each for men and women and 1 mixed event), including two 10 km open-water marathons. This was a slight increase from the 34 events contested in the previous Olympic Games. The following events were contested (all pool events are long course, and distances are in meters unless stated):

Schedule

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Unlike the previous Olympics, swimming program schedule occurred in two segments. For the pool events, similar to the case of the 2008 Games, prelims were held in the evening, with semifinals and final in the following morning session, spanning a day between semifinals and finals in those events with semifinals. The shift of the normal morning prelims and evening finals (to evening prelims and morning finals) occurred for these Games due to the prior request made by US broadcaster NBC (due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has allowed NBC to have influence on event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible; NBC agreed to a $7.75 billion contract extension on May 7, 2014, to air the Olympics through the 2032 games[3] and is also one of the major sources of revenue for the IOC),[4] so that the finals from the event could be shown live in the United States.[5][6]

Legend
H Heats ½ Semi-finals F Final

M = Morning session, starting at 10:30 local time (01:30 UTC).
E = Evening session, starting at 19:00 local time (10:00 UTC).

Men[5][7][8][9]
Date → Jul 24 Jul 25 Jul 26 Jul 27 Jul 28 Jul 29 Jul 30 Jul 31 Aug 1 Aug 5
Event ↓ M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E
50 m freestyle H ½ F
100 m freestyle H ½ F
200 m freestyle H ½ F
400 m freestyle H F
800 m freestyle H F
1500 m freestyle H F
100 m backstroke H ½ F
200 m backstroke H ½ F
100 m breaststroke H ½ F
200 m breaststroke H ½ F
100 m butterfly H ½ F
200 m butterfly H ½ F
200 m individual medley H ½ F
400 m individual medley H F
4 × 100 m freestyle relay H F
4 × 200 m freestyle relay H F
4 × 100 m medley relay H F
10 km open water F
Women[5][7][8][9]
Date → Jul 24 Jul 25 Jul 26 Jul 27 Jul 28 Jul 29 Jul 30 Jul 31 Aug 1 Aug 4
Event ↓ M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E
50 m freestyle H ½ F
100 m freestyle H ½ F
200 m freestyle H ½ F
400 m freestyle H F
800 m freestyle H F
1500 m freestyle H F
100 m backstroke H ½ F
200 m backstroke H ½ F
100 m breaststroke H ½ F
200 m breaststroke H ½ F
100 m butterfly H ½ F
200 m butterfly H ½ F
200 m individual medley H ½ F
400 m individual medley H F
4 × 100 m freestyle relay H F
4 × 200 m freestyle relay H F
4 × 100 m medley relay H F
10 km open water F
Mixed[5][7][8]
Date → Jul 24 Jul 25 Jul 26 Jul 27 Jul 28 Jul 29 Jul 30 Jul 31 Aug 1 Aug 4
Event ↓ M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E M E
4 × 100 m medley relay H F

Qualification

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Swimming – individual events

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FINA establishes qualifying times for individual events. The time standards consisted of two types: an "Olympic Qualifying Time" (OQT) and an "Olympic Selection time" (OST). Each country was able to enter up to two swimmers per event, provided both swimmers met the (faster) qualifying time. A country was able to enter one swimmer per event that met the invitation standard. Any swimmer who met the "qualifying" time was entered in the event for the Games; a swimmer meeting the "invitation" standard was eligible for entry, and their entry was allotted/filled in by ranking. If a country has no swimmers who meet either of the qualifying standards, it may have entered one male and one female. A country that did not receive an allocation spot but had at least one swimmer who met a qualifying standard might have entered the swimmer with the highest ranking.[10]

Swimming – relay events

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Each relay event features 16 teams, composed of:[10]

  • 12 teams including the top-12 finishers at the 2019 World Championships in each relay event.
  • 4 teams including the 4 fastest non-qualified teams, based on times in the 15-months preceding the Olympics.

Open-water swimming

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The men's and women's 10 km races featured 25 swimmers:[10]

  • 10: the top-10 finishers in the 10 km races at the 2019 World Championships
  • 9: the top-9 finishers at the 2020 Olympic Marathon Swim Qualifier
  • 5: one representative from each FINA continent (Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania).
  • 1: from the host nation (Japan) if not qualified by other means. If Japan already contained a qualifier in the race, this spot had been allocated back into the general pool from the 2020 Olympic qualifier race.

Medal summary

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Medal table

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  *   Host nation (Japan)

RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  United States1110930
2  Australia93921
3  Great Britain4318
4  China3216
5  ROC2215
6  Japan*2103
7  Canada1326
8  Hungary1203
9  South Africa1102
10  Brazil1023
  Germany1023
12  Tunisia1001
13  Netherlands0303
14  Italy0257
15  Hong Kong0202
16  Ukraine0112
17  France0101
  Sweden0101
19  Switzerland0022
20  Denmark0011
  Finland0011
Totals (21 entries)373737111

Men's events

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
50 m freestyle
details
Caeleb Dressel
  United States
21.07 OR Florent Manaudou
  France
21.55 Bruno Fratus
  Brazil
21.57
100 m freestyle
details
Caeleb Dressel
  United States
47.02 OR Kyle Chalmers
  Australia
47.08 Kliment Kolesnikov
  ROC
47.44
200 m freestyle
details
Thomas Dean
  Great Britain
1:44.22 NR Duncan Scott
  Great Britain
1:44.26 Fernando Scheffer
  Brazil
1:44.66 SA
400 m freestyle
details
Ahmed Hafnaoui
  Tunisia
3:43.36 Jack McLoughlin
  Australia
3:43.52 Kieran Smith
  United States
3:43.94
800 m freestyle
details
Bobby Finke
  United States
7:41.87 NR Gregorio Paltrinieri
  Italy
7:42.11 Mykhailo Romanchuk
  Ukraine
7:42.33
1500 m freestyle
details
Bobby Finke
  United States
14:39.65 Mykhailo Romanchuk
  Ukraine
14:40.66 Florian Wellbrock
  Germany
14:40.91
100 m backstroke
details
Evgeny Rylov
  ROC
51.98 ER Kliment Kolesnikov
  ROC
52.00 Ryan Murphy
  United States
52.19
200 m backstroke
details
Evgeny Rylov
  ROC
1:53.27 OR Ryan Murphy
  United States
1:54.15 Luke Greenbank
  Great Britain
1:54.72
100 m breaststroke
details
Adam Peaty
  Great Britain
57.37 Arno Kamminga
  Netherlands
58.00 Nicolò Martinenghi
  Italy
58.33
200 m breaststroke
details
Zac Stubblety-Cook
  Australia
2:06.38 OR Arno Kamminga
  Netherlands
2:07.01 Matti Mattsson
  Finland
2:07.13 NR
100 m butterfly
details
Caeleb Dressel
  United States
49.45 WR Kristóf Milák
  Hungary
49.68 ER Noè Ponti
  Switzerland
50.74 NR
200 m butterfly
details
Kristóf Milák
  Hungary
1:51.25 OR Tomoru Honda
  Japan
1:53.73 Federico Burdisso
  Italy
1:54.45
200 m individual medley
details
Wang Shun
  China
1:55.00 AS Duncan Scott
  Great Britain
1:55.28 NR Jérémy Desplanches
  Switzerland
1:56.17 NR
400 m individual medley
details
Chase Kalisz
  United States
4:09.42 Jay Litherland
  United States
4:10.28 Brendon Smith
  Australia
4:10.38
4 × 100 m freestyle relay
details
  United States
Caeleb Dressel (47.26)
Blake Pieroni (47.58)
Bowe Becker (47.44)
Zach Apple (46.69)
Brooks Curry[a]
3:08.97   Italy
Alessandro Miressi (47.72)
Thomas Ceccon (47.45)
Lorenzo Zazzeri (47.31)
Manuel Frigo (47.63)
Santo Condorelli[a]
3:10.11 NR   Australia
Matthew Temple (48.07)
Zac Incerti (47.55)
Alexander Graham (48.16)
Kyle Chalmers (46.44)
Cameron McEvoy[a]
3:10.22
4 × 200 m freestyle relay
details
  Great Britain
Thomas Dean (1:45.72)
James Guy (1:44.40)
Matthew Richards (1:45.01)
Duncan Scott (1:43.45)
Calum Jarvis[a]
6:58.58 ER   ROC
Martin Malyutin (1:45.69)
Ivan Girev (1:45.63)
Evgeny Rylov (1:45.26)
Mikhail Dovgalyuk (1:45.23)
Aleksandr Krasnykh[a]
Mikhail Vekovishchev[a]
7:01.81   Australia
Alexander Graham (1:46.00)
Kyle Chalmers (1:45.35)
Zac Incerti (1:45.75)
Thomas Neill (1:44.74)
Mack Horton[a]
Elijah Winnington[a]
7:01.84
4 × 100 m medley relay
details
  United States
Ryan Murphy (52.31)
Michael Andrew (58.49)
Caeleb Dressel (49.03)
Zach Apple (46.95)
Hunter Armstrong[a]
Andrew Wilson[a]
Tom Shields[a]
Blake Pieroni[a]
3:26.78 WR   Great Britain
Luke Greenbank (53.63)
Adam Peaty (56.53)
James Guy (50.27)
Duncan Scott (47.08)
James Wilby[a]
3:27.51 ER   Italy
Thomas Ceccon (52.52)
Nicolò Martinenghi (58.11)
Federico Burdisso (51.07)
Alessandro Miressi (47.47)
3:29.17 NR
10 km open water
details
Florian Wellbrock
  Germany
1:48:33.7 Kristóf Rasovszky
  Hungary
1:48:59.0 Gregorio Paltrinieri
  Italy
1:49:01.1

AF African Record | AM Americas Record | SA South American Record | AS Asian Record | ER European Record | OC Oceanian Record | OR Olympic Record | WJR World Junior Record | WR World Record
NR National Record (any World Record is necessarily also an Olympic, area, and national record. Area records (for continental regions) are also national records)

a Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Women's events

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
50 m freestyle
details
Emma McKeon
  Australia
23.81 OR Sarah Sjöström
  Sweden
24.07 Pernille Blume
  Denmark
24.21
100 m freestyle
details
Emma McKeon
  Australia
51.96 OR, OC Siobhán Haughey
  Hong Kong
52.27 AS Cate Campbell
  Australia
52.52
200 m freestyle
details
Ariarne Titmus
  Australia
1:53.50 OR Siobhán Haughey
  Hong Kong
1:53.92 AS Penny Oleksiak
  Canada
1:54.70
400 m freestyle
details
Ariarne Titmus
  Australia
3:56.69 OC Katie Ledecky
  United States
3:57.36 Li Bingjie
  China
4:01.08 AS
800 m freestyle
details
Katie Ledecky
  United States
8:12.57 Ariarne Titmus
  Australia
8:13.83 OC Simona Quadarella
  Italy
8:18.35
1500 m freestyle
details
Katie Ledecky
  United States
15:37.34 Erica Sullivan
  United States
15:41.41 Sarah Köhler
  Germany
15:42.91 NR
100 m backstroke
details
Kaylee McKeown
  Australia
57.47 OR Kylie Masse
  Canada
57.72 Regan Smith
  United States
58.05
200 m backstroke
details
Kaylee McKeown
  Australia
2:04.68 Kylie Masse
  Canada
2:05.42 NR Emily Seebohm
  Australia
2:06.17
100 m breaststroke
details
Lydia Jacoby
  United States
1:04.95 Tatjana Schoenmaker
  South Africa
1:05.22 Lilly King
  United States
1:05.54
200 m breaststroke
details
Tatjana Schoenmaker
  South Africa
2:18.95 WR Lilly King
  United States
2:19.92 Annie Lazor
  United States
2:20.84
100 m butterfly
details
Maggie Mac Neil
  Canada
55.59 AM Zhang Yufei
  China
55.64 Emma McKeon
  Australia
55.72 OC
200 m butterfly
details
Zhang Yufei
  China
2:03.86 OR Regan Smith
  United States
2:05.30 Hali Flickinger
  United States
2:05.65
200 m individual medley
details
Yui Ohashi
  Japan
2:08.52 Alex Walsh
  United States
2:08.65 Kate Douglass
  United States
2:09.04
400 m individual medley
details
Yui Ohashi
  Japan
4:32.08 Emma Weyant
  United States
4:32.76 Hali Flickinger
  United States
4:34.90
4 × 100 m freestyle relay
details
  Australia
Bronte Campbell (53.01)
Meg Harris (53.09)
Emma McKeon (51.35)
Cate Campbell (52.24)
Mollie O'Callaghan[b]
Madison Wilson[b]
3:29.69 WR   Canada
Kayla Sanchez (53.42)
Maggie Mac Neil (53.47)
Rebecca Smith (53.63)
Penny Oleksiak (52.26)
Taylor Ruck[b]
3:32.78   United States
Erika Brown (54.02)
Abbey Weitzeil (52.68)
Natalie Hinds (53.15)
Simone Manuel (52.96)
Catie DeLoof[b]
Allison Schmitt[b]
Olivia Smoliga[b]
3:32.81
4 × 200 m freestyle relay
details
  China
Yang Junxuan (1:54.37)
Tang Muhan (1:55.00)
Zhang Yufei (1:55.66)
Li Bingjie (1:55.30)
Dong Jie[b]
Zhang Yifan[b]
7:40.33 WR   United States
Allison Schmitt (1:56.34)
Paige Madden (1:55.25)
Katie McLaughlin (1:55.38)
Katie Ledecky (1:53.76)
Brooke Forde[b]
Bella Sims[b]
7:40.73 AM   Australia
Ariarne Titmus (1:54.51)
Emma McKeon (1:55.31)
Madison Wilson (1:55.62)
Leah Neale (1:55.85)
Tamsin Cook[b]
Meg Harris[b]
Mollie O'Callaghan[b]
Brianna Throssell[b]
7:41.29 OC
4 × 100 m medley relay
details
  Australia
Kaylee McKeown (58.01)
Chelsea Hodges (1:05.57)
Emma McKeon (55.91)
Cate Campbell (52.11)
Emily Seebohm[b]
Brianna Throssell[b]
Mollie O'Callaghan[b]
3:51.60 OR, OC   United States
Regan Smith (58.05)
Lydia Jacoby (1:05.03)
Torri Huske (56.16)
Abbey Weitzeil (52.49)
Rhyan White[b]
Lilly King[b]
Claire Curzan[b]
Erika Brown[b]
3:51.73   Canada
Kylie Masse (57.90)
Sydney Pickrem (1:07.17)
Maggie Mac Neil (55.27)
Penny Oleksiak (52.26)
Taylor Ruck[b]
Kayla Sanchez[b]
3:52.60 NR
10 km open water
details
Ana Marcela Cunha
  Brazil
1:59:30.8 Sharon van Rouwendaal
  Netherlands
1:59:31.7 Kareena Lee
  Australia
1:59:32.5

AF African Record | AM Americas Record | SA South American Record | AS Asian Record | ER European Record | OC Oceanian Record | OR Olympic Record | WJR World Junior Record | WR World Record
NR National Record (any World Record is necessarily also an Olympic, area, and national record. Area records (for continental regions) are also national records)

b Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Mixed events

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Games Gold Silver Bronze
4 × 100 m medley relay
details
  Great Britain
Kathleen Dawson (58.80)
Adam Peaty (56.78)
James Guy (50.00)
Anna Hopkin (52.00)
Freya Anderson[c]
3:37.58 WR   China
Xu Jiayu (52.56)
Yan Zibei (58.11)
Zhang Yufei (55.48)
Yang Junxuan (52.71)
3:38.86   Australia
Kaylee McKeown (58.14)
Zac Stubblety-Cook (58.82)
Matthew Temple (50.26)
Emma McKeon (51.73)
Bronte Campbell[c]
Isaac Cooper[c]
Brianna Throssell[c]
3:38.95

AF African Record | AM Americas Record | SA South American Record | AS Asian Record | ER European Record | OC Oceanian Record | OR Olympic Record | WJR World Junior Record | WR World Record
NR National Record (any World Record is necessarily also an Olympic, area, and national record. Area records (for continental regions) are also national records)

c Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Records broken

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Event Round Swimmer Team Time Date Record Day
Men's 800 metre freestyle Heat 4 Mykhailo Romanchuk   Ukraine 7:41.28 27 July OR 4
Men's 200 metre butterfly Final Kristóf Milák   Hungary 1:51.25 28 July OR 5
Men's 200 metre breaststroke Final Zac Stubblety-Cook   Australia 2:06.38 29 July OR 6
Men's 100 metre freestyle Final Caeleb Dressel   United States 47.02 29 July OR 6
Men's 100 metre butterfly Heat 8 Caeleb Dressel   United States 50.39 29 July =OR 6
Men's 100 metre butterfly Semifinal 1 Kristóf Milák   Hungary 50.31 30 July OR 7
Men's 100 metre butterfly Semifinal 2 Caeleb Dressel   United States 49.71 30 July OR 7
Men's 200 metre backstroke Final Evgeny Rylov   ROC 1:53.27 30 July OR 7
Men's 100 metre butterfly Final Caeleb Dressel   United States 49.45 31 July WR 8
Men's 50 metre freestyle Final Caeleb Dressel   United States 21.07 1 August OR 9
Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay Final   United States 3:26.78 1 August WR 9

Women

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Event Round Swimmer Team Time Date Record Day
Women's 100 metre freestyle Final Sarah Sjöström   Sweden 52.62 (r) 25 July OR 2
Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay Final Bronte Campbell (53.01)
Meg Harris (53.09)
Emma McKeon (51.35)
Cate Campbell (52.24)
  Australia 3:29.69 25 July WR[11] 2
Women's 100 metre backstroke Heat 4 Kylie Masse   Canada 58.17 25 July OR 2
Women's 100 metre backstroke Heat 5 Regan Smith   United States 57.96 25 July OR 2
Women's 100 metre backstroke Heat 6 Kaylee McKeown   Australia 57.88 25 July OR 2
Women's 100 metre breaststroke Heat 5 Tatjana Schoenmaker   South Africa 1:04.82 25 July OR[12] 2
Women's 100 metre backstroke Semifinal 1 Regan Smith   United States 57.86 26 July OR 3
Women's 1500 metre freestyle Heat 5 Katie Ledecky   United States 15:35.35 26 July OR 3
Women's 100 metre backstroke Final Kaylee McKeown   Australia 57.47 27 July OR 4
Women's 200 metre freestyle Final Ariarne Titmus   Australia 1:53.50 28 July OR 5
Women's 100 metre freestyle Heat 6 Emma McKeon   Australia 52.13 28 July OR 5
Women's 200 metre breaststroke Heat 4 Tatjana Schoenmaker   South Africa 2:19.16 28 July OR 5
Women's 200 metre butterfly Final Zhang Yufei   China 2:03.86 29 July OR 6
Women's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay Final
  China 7:40.33 29 July WR 6
Women's 200 metre breaststroke Final Tatjana Schoenmaker   South Africa 2:18.95 30 July WR 7
Women's 100 metre freestyle Final Emma McKeon   Australia 51.96 30 July OR 7
Women's 50 metre freestyle Heat 10 Emma McKeon   Australia 24.02 30 July OR 7
Women's 50 metre freestyle Semifinal 2 Emma McKeon   Australia 24.00 31 July OR 8
Women's 50 metre freestyle Final Emma McKeon   Australia 23.81 1 August OR 9
Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay Final   Australia 3:51.60 1 August OR 9

Mixed

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Event Round Swimmer Team Time Date Record Day
Mixed 4 × 100 metre medley relay Heat 1
  Great Britain 3:38.75 29 July OR 6
Mixed 4 × 100 metre medley relay Final
  Great Britain 3:37.58 31 July WR 8

Chinese swimming team doping allegation

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On 20 April 2024, The New York Times revealed that 23 members of the Chinese swimming team tested positive for a performance-enhancing drug called Trimetazidine seven months prior to the start of the games and were allowed to participate in the games with some of the swimmers winning medals. Following the publication of the report, Travis Tygart, CEO of the United States Anti-Doping Agency, accused the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the China Anti-Doping Agency (CHINADA) of covering up doping by Chinese swimmers.[13]

In response to Tygart's comments, WADA stated that it “stands by the results of its rigorous scientific investigation” into the case and was “astonished by the outrageous, completely false and defamatory remarks while CHINADA stated that the reports were misleading and that the doping tests they conducted only found that the swimmers had only tested extremely low concentration of Trimetazidine which was due to contamination at the hotel they were residing at that time," although any amount of the substance constitutes a ban.

In a second statement, Tygart accused both WADA and the CHINADA for not being transparent about the findings and keeping "clean athletes in the dark". WADA was alleged to have a double-standard as Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva tested positive for TMZ and used the same excuse, but was banned for four years following a two-year long investigation. However, WADA argued that contamination was not possible in Valieva's case based on the pharmacokinetic data. In contrast, according to WADA, in the case of the Chinese swimmers, several factors pointed towards contamination rather than deliberate doping. These include the lack of international competition at the time, only athletes from one hotel testing positive, inconsistencies in test results for the same athletes over short periods (some testing negative, then positive, then negative again), and the very low levels of the substance detected.[14]

On 25 April 2024, WADA announced that Eric Cottier, a Swiss attorney, would launch an independent investigation into the matter, which also drew criticism since he was hand-picked by WADA.[15] In May 2024, WADA announced that it hold an extraordinary meeting to discuss the doping case of the Chinese swimmers.[16][17] On 9 July 2024, Cottier published his report concluding that WADA had showed no bias towards China. He found the decision not to appeal was "reasonable, both from the point of view of the facts and the applicable rules". WADA President Witold Bańka welcomed the report, stating that it confirmed WADA's actions were fair and justified, highlighting the importance of clarifying these issues before the Paris 2024 Olympics.[18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Olympedia – Swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  2. ^ McCurry, Justin; Ingle, Sean (24 March 2020). "Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Olympics on NBC through 2032". USA Today. Gannett Company. 7 May 2014.
  4. ^ "Fewer Russians Could Be a Windfall for U.S. Olympic Business". The New York Times. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d "Tokyo 2020 Aquatics To Have Morning Olympic Finals". Swimming World Magazine. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  6. ^ Longman, Jeré (12 February 2018). "For Olympic Figure Skaters, a New Meaning to Morning Routine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
  7. ^ a b c "Schedule - Swimming Tokyo 2020 Olympics". Olympian Database. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  8. ^ a b c "Swimming Competition Schedule". Tokyo 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  9. ^ a b "Marathon Swimming Competition Schedule". Tokyo 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  10. ^ a b c Qualification System – Games of the XXXII Olympia – Tokyo 2020; FINA, 19 March 2018.
  11. ^ "Swimming - Final Results". Tokyo 2020. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  12. ^ "Swimming - Women's 100m Breaststroke Heat 5 Results". Tokyo 2020. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
  13. ^ Mann, Brian (22 April 2024). "'Ban them all.' With Paris Games looming, Chinese doping scandal rocks Olympic sport". NPR. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  14. ^ "WADA publishes Fact Sheet/Frequently Asked Questions in relation to contamination case involving swimmers from China". World Anti Doping Agency. 29 April 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  15. ^ Auerbach, Nicole. "Chinese doping scandal roils Olympic swimming: The latest, and what it means for Paris". The Athletic. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  16. ^ McCarthy, Simone (21 April 2024). "World Anti-Doping Agency defends handling of elite Chinese swimmers who tested positive for banned drug". CNN. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  17. ^ "Wada calls extraordinary meeting over China swimmers". BBC. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  18. ^ "Independent Prosecutor concludes WADA showed no bias towards China and decision not to appeal Chinese swimming cases was 'indisputably reasonable'". World Anti Doping Agency. 9 July 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
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