Turricula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Clavatulidae.[1]
| Turricula Temporal range:
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| Fossil shells of Turricula dimidiata | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Clavatulidae |
| Genus: | Turricula Schumacher, 1817 |
| Type species | |
| Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Taxonomy
editClavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It remained regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).[1] until a new publication in 2011[2]
Fossil records
editThis genus is known in the fossil records from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: from 70.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world.[3]
Description
editThe turriculated shell is fusiform with a long spire. The anal sinus is situated in the infrasutural depression above the peripheral carina. The siphonal canal is long, tapering and slightly bent. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The eyes of the animal are situated at the base of the tentacles. Radula formula : 1-0-1.[4]
Distribution
editThe species of this marine genus occurs in the Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and east Africa to Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).
Species
edit
Species within the genus Turricula include:[3][5]
- Turricula aethiopica (Thiele, 1925)
- Turricula amplisulcus (Barnard, 1958)
- † Turricula bantamensis (K. Martin, 1895)
- † Turricula barreti (de Boury, 1899)
- † Turricula beamensis M.A. Peyrot, 1925
- † Turricula belgica (G.G. Münster, 1826)
- † Turricula beyrichi (R.A. Philippi, 1846)
- † Turricula brevicauda (Deshayes, 1834)[6]
- Turricula catena (Reeve, 1843)
- † Turricula catenata (Lamarck, 1804)
- † Turricula ceylonica (Smith E. A., 1877)
- Turricula crassicosta (F. E. Edwards, 1857) †
- † Turricula dentata (Lamarck, 1804)
- † Turricula drilliaeformis (K. Martin, 1895)
- † Turricula eastoni (K. Martin, 1914)
- † Turricula everwyni (K. Martin, 1884)
- Turricula faurei (Barnard, 1958)
- † Turricula gembacana (K. Martin, 1884)
- Turricula gemmulaeformis (Thiele, 1925)
- † Turricula glyphana (Bayan, 1873)
- Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
- † Turricula guttata (K. Martin, 1935)
- † Turricula hillegondae (K. Martin, 1914)
- † Turricula ijzermani (K. Martin, 1933)
- † Turricula inermiformis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1969)
- Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
- † Turricula jogjacartensis (K. Martin, 1931)
- † Turricula kelirensis (K. Martin, 1916)
- † Turricula lepidota (K. Martin, 1914)
- † Turricula lirocostata Cossmann, 1899
- † Turricula mauritii (de Boury, 1899)
- † Turricula michelini (Deshayes, 1865)
- Turricula navarchus (Melvill & Standen, 1903)
- Turricula nelliae (Smith E. A., 1877)
- † Turricula orthocolpa Cossmann, 1913
- Turricula panthea Dall, 1919
- † Turricula plagiaria (K. Martin, 1931)
- † Turricula plateaui (Cossmann, 1889)
- † Turricula pollii (Icke & K. Martin, 1907)
- † Turricula polycesta (Bayan, 1873)
- Turricula profundorum (Smith E. A., 1896)
- † Turricula rembangensis (K. Martin, 1906)
- † Turricula rostrata Solander in Brander, 1766[7] (deleted in GBIF)[8][9]
- † Turricula samarangana (K. Martin, 1884)
- † Turricula sanctistephani Lozouet, 2017
- † Turricula smithi (K. Martin, 1884)
- † Turricula streptopleura (Cossmann, 1900)
- † Turricula subelegans (d'Orbigny, 1850)
- Turricula sulcicancellata (Barnard, 1958)
- † Turricula sultani (K. Martin, 1914)
- Turricula sumatrana (Thiele, 1925)
- † Turricula terae Oostingh, 1938 †
- † Turricula textiliosa (Deshayes, 1834)
- Turricula thurstoni (Smith E. A., 1896)
- Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
- † Turricula transversaria (Lamarck, 1804)
- Turricula turriplana (Sowerby III, 1903)
- † Turricula vaudini (Deshayes, 1865) †
- † Turricula veslensis (Cossmann, 1899) †
- † Turricula vibekeae Schnetler & M. S. Nielsen, 2018
- † Turricula wanneri (Tesch, 1915)
- † Turricula waringinensis (K. Martin, 1895)
- Extinct
- † Turricula dimidiata Brocchi, 1814[10]
- † Turricula eolavinia Olsson, 1930
- † Turricula excelsa Bohm, 1926
- † Turricula hanguensis Cox, 1930
- † Turricula haydeni Cox, 1930
- † Turricula kayalensis Dey, 1961
- † Turricula promensis silistrensis Vredenburg, 1921
- † Turricula promensis Vredenburg, 1921
- † Turricula sethuramae Vredenburg, 1921
- † Turricula spuria Hedley, 1922
- † Turricula taurina Olsson, 1922
- † Turricula terryi Olsson, 1922
- † Turricula thangaensis Vredenburg, 1921
Synonyms
edit- Turricula bijubata (Reeve, 1843): synonym of Turridrupa bijubata (Reeve, 1843)
- † Turricula (Crenaturricula) bouryi Glibert, 1960: synonym of † Turricula barreti (de Boury, 1899) (unnecessary replacement name for Pleurotoma barreti de Boury, 1899)
- Turricula brunonia Dall, 1924: synonym of Veprecula brunonia (Dall, 1924)
- Turricula cadaverosa (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Vexillum cadaverosum (Reeve, 1844)
- Turricula casta H. Adams, 1872: synonym of Vexillum castum (H. Adams, 1872)
- † Turricula cruziana Olsson, 1932 accepted as † Cruziturricula cruziana (Olsson, 1932) (original combination)
- † Turricula curtata Marwick, 1926 accepted as † Marshallena curtata (Marwick, 1926)
- Turricula ensyuensis Shikama, 1977: synonym of Comitas ensyuensis (Shikama, 1977)
- † Turricula esdailei Marwick, 1926 accepted as † Tahuia esdailei (Marwick, 1926)
- † Turricula (Fusimitra) extranea (Deshayes, 1865): synonym of † Vexillum extraneum (Deshayes, 1865)
- Turricula flammea Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
- † Turricula gendinganensis K. Martin, 1906 accepted as Unedogemmula indica (Röding, 1798)
- Turricula granobalteatus [sic]: synonym of Turricula granobalteus (Hedley, 1922)
- Turricula hondoana Dall, 1925: synonym of Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873)
- † Turricula ilonae Báldi, 1966 accepted as † Domenginella ilonae (Báldi, 1966)
- Turricula japonica Dall, 1925 accepted as Aforia circinata (Dall, 1873)
- Turricula kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895): synonym of Comitas kamakurana (Pilsbry, 1895)
- Turricula kuroharai Oyama, 1962: synonym of Comitas kuroharai (Oyama, 1962)
- † Turricula lamarckii (Michelotti, 1847) accepted as † Kantoria lamarckii (Michelotti, 1847) (superseded combination)
- Turricula lavinia Dall, 1919: synonym of Ptychobela lavinia (Dall, 1919)
- Turricula lavinoides Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
- Turricula libya Dall, 1919: synonym of Tiariturris libya (Dall, 1919)
- Turricula limonensis Olsson, 1922: synonym of Fusiturricula lavinoides (Olsson, 1922)
- † Turricula mertoni (K. Martin, 1914) accepted as † Pleurofusia mertoni (K. Martin, 1914)
- Turricula modesta Pease, 1868: synonym of Vexillum gruneri (Reeve, 1844) ·
- † Turricula mordax (K. Martin, 1914) accepted as † Pleurofusia mordax (K. Martin, 1914)
- Turricula murrawolga Garrard, 1961: synonym of Comitas murrawolga (Garrard, 1961)
- † Turricula (Costellaria) paucicostata (Tate, 1889): synonym of † Austromitra lacertosa (Cernohorsky, 1970)
- † Turricula permodesta (K. Martin, 1914) accepted as † Pentagoniturricula permodesta (K. Martin, 1914)
- † Turricula planata F. W. Hutton, 1885 accepted as Austromitra planata (F. W. Hutton, 1885)
- Turricula rectilateralis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1874): synonym of Vexillum suluense (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
- Turricula scalaria (Barnard, 1958): synonym of Makiyamaia scalaria (Barnard, 1958)
- † Turricula (Costellaria) tatei Cossmann, 1899: synonym of † Austromitra ralphi (Cossmann, 1900)
- † Turricula taurina Olsson, 1922accepted as † Fusiturricula taurina (Olsson, 1922)
- Turricula tornatus [sic]: synonym of Turricula tornata (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Turricula tuberculata (Gray, 1839): synonym of Turricula nelliae spuria (Hedley, 1922)
- † Turricula waitaraensis Marwick, 1926: synonym of † Thatcheria waitaraensis (Marwick, 1926)
Taxa inquirenda
editFurther investigation needed:
- Surcula aditus Barnard, 1969
- Surcula bouvieri Jousseaume, 1898
- Surcula urnula Thiele, 1925
References
edit- ^ a b c World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae. accessed 1 April 2010.
- ^ P. Bouchet; Yu. I. Kantor; A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77 (3): 273–308. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017.
- ^ a b Fossilworks
- ^ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI, p. 158; 1884 (described as the genus Surcula)
- ^ WoRMS : Turricula; accessed : 28 August 2011
- ^ Le Renard (J.) & Pacaud (J.-M.), 1995 Révision des Mollusques paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. 2 – Liste des références primaires des espèces. Cossmanniana, t. 3, vol. 3, p. 65-132
- ^ Auckland Museum: Turricula rostrata
- ^ GBIF: Turricula rostrata
- ^ Conchology.be: Turricula rostrata
- ^ Fossile
- Li, BQ. & Li, XZ. 2008. Report on the two subfamilies Clavatulinae and Cochlespirinae (Mollusca : Neogastropoda : Turridae) from the China seas. Zootaxa 1771: 31–42
- Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Turricula (gastropod).
- Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. Schultz, Copenghagen. iv + 288 pp., 22 pls
- Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853–1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
- Bouchet, P.; Kantor, Y. I.; Sysoev, A.; Puillandre, N. (2011). A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77(3): 273–308
- Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Clavatulidae
- Nomenclaturor Zoologicus info