Wikipedia

SubRip

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SubRip is a free software program for Microsoft Windows which extracts subtitles and their timings from various video formats to a text file. It is released under the GNU GPL.[9] Its subtitle format's file extension is .srt and is widely supported. Each .srt file is a human-readable file format where the subtitles are stored sequentially along with the timing information. Most subtitles distributed on the Internet are in this format.[10][11]

SubRip (software)
Developer(s)Brain,[1] T.V. Zuggy,[2][3] mrSHADOW,[2] Yakov,[2] ai4spam,[2] Bloody,[2] Roy Damman,[4][5]
Initial release3 March 2000; 24 years ago (2000-03-03)[2]
Stable release
1.57.1 / November 14, 2018 (2018-11-14)[4]
Written inDelphi
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
Available inEnglish
TypeSubtitle editor
LicenseGPL[3]
Websitezuggy.wz.cz[6][7]
SubRip Text (file format)
Filename extension
.srt
Internet media type
application/x-subrip[8]
Magic number31 0D 0A 30 30 3A (ASCII: "1↵00:")
Developed byBrain, Zuggy
Type of formatTimed text
Container forsubtitles and their order and timings
Extended toWebVTT
Open format?Yes
Free format?Yes
Websitewww.matroska.org/technical/subtitles.html#srt-subtitles

Software

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Using optical character recognition, SubRip can extract from live video, video files and DVDs, then record the extracted subtitles and timings as a Subrip format text file.[12] It can optionally save the recognized subtitles as bitmaps for later subtraction (erasure) from the source video.[13][14]

In practice, SubRip is configured with the correct codec for the video source, then trained by the user on the specific text area, fonts, styles,[15] colors and video processing requirements[16] to recognize subtitles. After trial and fine tuning, SubRip can automatically extract subtitles for the whole video source file during its playback. SubRip records the beginning and end times and text for each subtitle in the output text .srt file.[17]

SubRip uses AviSynth to extract video frames from source video, and can rip subtitles from all video files supported by that program.

Format

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The SubRip file format is described on the Matroska multimedia container format website as "perhaps the most basic of all subtitle formats."[18] SubRip (SubRip Text) files are named with the extension .srt, and contain formatted lines of plain text in groups separated by a blank line. Subtitles are numbered sequentially, starting at 1. The timecode format used is hours:minutes:seconds,milliseconds with time units fixed to two zero-padded digits and fractions fixed to three zero-padded digits (00:00:00,000). The fractional separator used is the comma, since the program was written in France.

  1. A numeric counter identifying each sequential subtitle
  2. The time that the subtitle should appear on the screen, followed by --> and the time it should disappear
  3. Subtitle text itself on one or more lines
  4. A blank line containing no text, indicating the end of this subtitle[18]

Example for Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones: 

1
00:02:16,612 --> 00:02:19,376
Senator, we're making
our final approach into Coruscant.

2
00:02:19,482 --> 00:02:21,609
Very good, Lieutenant.

3
00:03:13,336 --> 00:03:15,167
We made it.

4
00:03:18,608 --> 00:03:20,371
I guess I was wrong.

5
00:03:20,476 --> 00:03:22,671
There was no danger at all.

Markup

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Unofficially the format has very basic text formatting, which can be either interpreted or passed through for rendering depending on the processing application. Formatting is derived from HTML tags for bold, italic, underline and color:[19]

  • Bold – <b>…</b>
  • Italic – <i>…</i>
  • Underline – <u>…</u>
  • Font color – <font color="color name or #code">…</font>

Nested tags are allowed; some implementations prefer whole-line formatting only.

Also unofficially, text coordinates can be specified at the end of the timestamp line as X1:… X2:… Y1:… Y2:….[20]

Compatibility

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The SubRip .srt file format is supported by most software video players. For Windows software video players that do not support subtitle playback directly, the VSFilter DirectX filter displays SubRip and other subtitle formats.[21] The SubRip format is supported directly by many subtitle creation and editing tools,[22] as well as some hardware home media players.[23][24][25][26][27] In August 2008, YouTube added subtitle support to its Flash video player under the "Closed Captioning" option – content producers can upload subtitles in SubRip format.[28][29]

Text encoding

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SubRip's default output encoding is configured as Windows-1252. However, output options are also given for many Windows code pages as well Unicode encodings, such as UTF-8 and UTF-16, with or without byte order mark (BOM). Therefore, there is no official character encoding standard for .srt files, which means that any SubRip file parser must attempt to use Charset detection. Unicode BOMs are typically used to aid detection.

YouTube only supports UTF-8.[30] The default encoding for subtitle files in FFmpeg is UTF-8.[31]

SubViewer

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In 1999, Brain created SubRip, and a friend, David Dolinski, created SubViewer, who offered it for download on his personal website.[32][33][34][35][36][37]

SubViewer was included in the DivX media player. On August 28, 2008, YouTube included support for SubViewer and SubRip, allowing existing videos to be retroactively subtitled.[33]

WebVTT

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Main article: WebVTT

A format originally called WebSRT (Web Subtitle Resource Tracks) was specified in 2010 by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group for the proposed HTML5 <track> element. It shared the .srt file extension and was based on parts of the SubRip format, but was not fully compatible with it.[38][39] The prospective format was later renamed WebVTT (Web Video Text Track).[40][41] Google's Chrome and Microsoft's Internet Explorer 10 browsers were the first to support <track> tags with WebVTT files for HTML5 videos. Mozilla Firefox implemented WebVTT in its nightly builds (Firefox 24), and as of Firefox 31 (July 24, 2014), Mozilla enabled WebVTT on Firefox by default.[42] YouTube began supporting WebVTT in April, 2013.[43]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "SubRip & SubMagic". The Brain's Web. Archived from the original on 13 April 2003. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "SubRip 1.56.1 History". Free Codecs. 2015-10-13.
  3. ^ a b Zuggy, DVD, November 6, 2006.
  4. ^ a b Damman, Roy (2018-11-14). "Browse /subrip/SubRip 1.57.1". SubRip. SourceForge.net. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  5. ^ "zuggy.wz.cz News". zuggy.wz.cz. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2022. Roy Damman released SubRip 1.57.1.
  6. ^ "HTTPS není dostupné - Webzdarma.cz | Webzdarma.cz". zuggy.wz.cz. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  7. ^ "ZuggyWu:d". zuggy.wz.cz. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  8. ^ Android 10 value. Not IANA-approved and in fact invalid due to "x-" no longer being unregulated.
  9. ^ Powers, Shelley (8 August 2011). HTML5 Media: Integrating Audio and Video with the Web. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-1-4493-1531-3.
  10. ^ Rodriguez-Alsina, Aitor; Talavera, Guillermo; Orero, Pilar; Carrabina, Jordi (2012-06-26). "Subtitle Synchronization across Multiple Screens and Devices". Sensors. 12 (7): 8710–8731. Bibcode:2012Senso..12.8710R. doi:10.3390/s120708710. ISSN 1424-8220. PMC 3444071. PMID 23012513. Most subtitles distributed on the Internet are described in text files that follow the SubRip (.SRT) format
  11. ^ Stanislav, Petr; Švec, Jan; Šmídl, Luboš (2012), Sojka, Petr; Horák, Aleš; Kopeček, Ivan; Pala, Karel (eds.), "Unsupervised Synchronization of Hidden Subtitles with Audio Track Using Keyword Spotting Algorithm", Text, Speech and Dialogue, vol. 7499, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 422–430, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32790-2_51, ISBN 978-3-642-32789-6, which is the most common subtitle format in the movie fans community
  12. ^ Thaureaux 2007, pp. 131–134
  13. ^ Zuggy, News, entry dated May 28, 2005.
  14. ^ Thaureaux 2007, p. 132
  15. ^ Thaureaux 2007, p. 136
  16. ^ Zuggy, Guide.
  17. ^ Thaureaux 2007, p. 137
  18. ^ a b "SRT Subtitles". matroska.org. CoreCodec Inc. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
  19. ^ SubRip (.SRT) subtitles support in players – ale5000.altervista.org
  20. ^ "Extended SRT spec (especially coordinate format) question [Archive] - Doom9's Forum". forum.doom9.org. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  21. ^ 陈波; 杨涛 (2006). 实用工具软件玩家攻略 (in Chinese). 清华大学出版社. pp. 75–76. ISBN 9787302119944. Retrieved 2010-09-11.
  22. ^ Martin, Chris (2009-12-29), "15 Best Subtitle Editors for Movies or Videos", Binary Head, archived from the original on 2010-12-23 All apps listed support SubRip (SRT), but the article is specific about 7 of 15.
  23. ^ TechToyer (September 2003), "A DivX Player for the Living Room (Neuston Maestro DVX-1201)", HardwareMAG, Singapore: SPH Magazines Pte Ltd., p. 67, ISSN 0219-5607
  24. ^ Tokig (2003-07-13), "Review of KiSS DP-500 – Playback", Nordic Hardware, archived from the original on 2012-03-01, retrieved 2010-07-21
  25. ^ "Argosy Media Player HV335T HDD (HD1080p) product page", Argosy, 2009, archived from the original on 2010-02-08
  26. ^ Cericola, Rachel (2009-12-08), "Western Digital WD TV Live HD Media Player review", Big Picture Big Sound
  27. ^ Suerte Felipe, Carlo (2009-02-16), Get stylish with Samsung DVD-F1080, Manila Bulletin Publications, retrieved 2010-08-19
  28. ^ Chisholm, Wendy; May, Matt (2008-12-09). Universal Design for Web Applications: Web Applications that Reach Everyone (1st ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 82. ISBN 9780596518738.
  29. ^ "New Captions Feature for Videos". Official YouTube Blog. 2008-08-28.
  30. ^ "Supported subtitle and closed caption files - YouTube Help". support.google.com. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  31. ^ "FFmpeg Filters Documentation". ffmpeg.org. Retrieved 14 August 2023. Set subtitles input character encoding. subtitles filter only. Only useful if not UTF-8.
  32. ^ "SubViewer". Dado.be. Archived from the original on 5 November 2005. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  33. ^ a b "New Captions Feature for Videos". YouTube Official Blog. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  34. ^ "SubRip". VideoLAN Wiki. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  35. ^ "SubViewer". VideoLAN Wiki. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  36. ^ "Subtitle Formats". Divxstation. Archived from the original on 9 February 2005. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  37. ^ "SubViewer 4.0.6". free-codecs.com. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  38. ^ Understanding WebSRT format
  39. ^ WebSRT, from the WHATWG HTML draft specification, retrieved 2010-10-14
  40. ^ Kennedy, Antony; de Leon, Inayaili (2011). Pro CSS for High Traffic Websites. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-3288-9.
  41. ^ Pfeiffer, Silvia (June 27, 2011). "Recent developments around WebVTT".
  42. ^ "Firefox 31 Release Notes".
  43. ^ "Caption File - YouTube Help".

References

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