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Denver Public Schools

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The School District No. 1 in the City and County of Denver and State of Colorado, more commonly known as Denver Public Schools (DPS), is the public school system in the City and County of Denver, Colorado, United States.

Denver Public Schools
Denver
, Colorado
District information
TypePublic
GradesPre-K through 12
EstablishedDecember 23, 1859; 164 years ago (1859-12-23)
SuperintendentDr. Alex Marrero
Budget$1,271,873,000
NCES District ID0803360[1]
Students and staff
Students93,356
Teachers6,081.42
Staff14,445.08
Other information
Websitewww.dpsk12.org

History

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Robert W. Steele Elementary School in Denver, 1918

In 1859, Owen J. Goldrick established the Union School, Denver's first school, a private school that served thirteen students.[2] Other private schools opened shortly thereafter to accommodate Denver's rapidly growing population during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush. In 1861, the new territorial government established Goldrick as the superintendent in Arapahoe County (which then encompassed Denver). Soon after the first two public school districts in Denver were formed: District One on the east side of the city and District Two on the west side. District Two opened the first public school in Denver on December 1, 1862 in a rented log cabin and District One followed suit soon after. On April 2, 1873 the first purpose built school building, the "Arapahoe School", opened.[3]

In 1902, the 20th Amendment to the Constitution of the State of Colorado, known as the Rush Amendment, created the City and County of Denver, separating it from Arapahoe County. In 1903, Denver Public Schools was established. All school districts in Denver County were consolidated into Denver Public Schools, and Aaron Gove became the first-ever DPS Superintendent. Margaret Tupper True was president of the Denver School Board from 1906 to 1908, one of the first women to serve in such a role in a major city.[4]

In 1994, Denver Public School teacher went on strike over classroom size, working conditions, and pay.[5]

In 2015, the Brookings Institution ranked Denver Public Schools first in school choice among large school districts in the United States.[6][7]

In 2018, Denver Public Schools joined other regional districts in banning its students from attending school-sanctioned trips to the Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge citing the history of the area's plutonium contamination and previous designation as a Superfund site.[8][9]

In February 2019, teachers in the Denver Public Schools went on strike for three days as part of the larger wave of teachers' strikes across the United States that began in 2018. The teachers union, Denver Classroom Teachers Association (DCTA), demanded higher pay and school funding as well as a change to the teachers' compensation structure, which they said was overly reliant on bonuses instead of salary increases. It was the first strike in the district in 25 years.[10] The deal that the union ultimately reached with the district kept some bonuses in place but also increased base salaries by 7 to 11 percent and created a new pay scale that puts more emphasis on teacher training and experience.[11][12]

In 2020, all members of the board voted to remove police officers from schools in the wake of the murder of George Floyd.[13]

Organization

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DPS is the sole public school district in Denver.[14]

DPS operates 207 schools, including traditional, magnet, charter and pathways schools, with a total enrollment of about 90,250 students as of October 2021.[15] Of those, 52.1% of the school district's enrollment were Hispanic, 25.3% were Caucasian, 13.7% were African American, 3% were Asian, 4% were two or more races, and 1% were American Indian.[15] 140 languages were spoken, and 37% were English language learners. 11% of students had special needs. The poverty rate was 70%.

Under the leadership of Superintendent Tom Boasberg and guided by the tenets of the Denver Plan, DPS had the second-highest academic growth in the nation.[16] The total of DPS graduates grew from 2,655 in 2006 to 3,608 in 2014. Drop-out rates dropped from 11.1% in 2006 to 4.5% in 2014.

School board

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The Denver Board of Education is the policymaking body for DPS. The school board is made up of one representative from five districts and two at-large representatives, for a total of seven members. Dr. Carrie Olson was elected the school board president in 2019.[17]

Student demographics

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  Hispanic (56.1%)
  White (22.6%)
  Black (13.8%)
  Asian or Pacific Islander (3.5%)
  American Indian or Alaskan Native (.6%)
  Two or more races (3.5%)
Historical student population[18]
YearPop.±%
200573,018—    
200673,399+0.5%
200778,873+7.5%
200875,269−4.6%
200978,352+4.1%
201079,423+1.4%
201181,870+3.1%
201284,424+3.1%
201387,398+3.5%
201490,150+3.1%
201591,429+1.4%
201692,331+1.0%
201792,984+0.7%

In the 2016-2017 school year, 92,331 students were enrolled in 207 Denver Public Schools consisting of 8 Early Childhood Education or K-12 schools, 92 elementary, 18 ECE-8 or K-8, 34 middle, 12 schools with grades 6-12, and 44 traditional high schools.

71.7 percent (62,977) of public school students qualified for free or reduced price lunch in the 2013-2014 school year.[19]

There were 11,932 employees of DPS; 4,329 of them were teachers.[20]

Race

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Although Denver is more than 52 percent non-Hispanic white, minority groups represent double the regular Denver population. The reason for this has been white flight over the past few decades and extremely strong Hispanic school-age growth due to relatively high birth rates. The predominant heritage in the Denver Public School system is Mexican American. Denver has a high Hispanic percentage of roughly 32%, and they are a majority in the public school system.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ "Search for Public School Districts – District Detail for School District NO. 1 In The County Of Denver And State Of C". National Center for Education Statistics. Institute of Education Sciences. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  2. ^ "Denver Public Schools: History". dpsk12.org. Denver Public Schools. Retrieved February 18, 2016. The first school bells in Denver rang out on October 3, 1859 when professor Owen J. Goldrick opened his "Union School". The school, a log cabin, was located on the west side of 12th Street between Larimer and Market Streets. It was a private school with an enrollment of thirteen children and lasted until late in the winter of 1859-60...School resumed classes on May 7, 1860 with Goldrick and an assistant, Miss Miller.
  3. ^ Smiley, Jerome C. (1901). History of Denver: With Outlines of the Earlier History of the Rocky Mountain Country. Times-Sun Pub. Co. pp. 735–760. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013.
  4. ^ "Southwestern States". Journal of Education. 74: 179. August 16, 1906.
  5. ^ "School Strike Is Settled in Denver". The New York Times. Associated Press. October 16, 1994. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  6. ^ Whitehurst, Grover J. (2015). "Education Choice and Competition Index 2015" (PDF). Brookings.edu. Center on Children and Families, Brookings Institution. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  7. ^ Asmar, Melanie (February 4, 2016). "Denver Public Schools ranks first for school choice among large districts nationwide". Chalkbeat. Chalkbeat Colorado. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  8. ^ "Denver Public Schools Latest District to Ban School Visits to Wildlife Refuge". District Administration. May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  9. ^ John Aguilar (April 29, 2018). "Nearly 300,000 Colorado Public School Students Now Barred From Making Field Trips to Rocky Flats". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
  10. ^ Campbell, Alexia Fernández (February 11, 2019). "Denver teachers are striking for the first time in 25 years". Vox. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
  11. ^ Campbell, Alexia Fernández (February 14, 2019). "The Denver teachers strike is over. They won". Vox. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  12. ^ Ragan, Kelly (February 14, 2019). "Denver Public Schools teacher strike ends after three days". Fort Collins Coloradoan. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  13. ^ Lewis, Sophie (June 12, 2020). "Denver school board votes unanimously to remove police from public schools". CBS News. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  14. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Denver County, CO" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 22, 2022. - Text list
  15. ^ a b "Facts & Figures: Denver Public Schools by the Number". Denver Public Schools. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  16. ^ Education Resource Strategies (March 2017). "Denver Public Schools: Leveraging System Transformation to Improve Student Results" (PDF). Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  17. ^ Asmar, Melanie (December 4, 2019). "'Flipped' Denver school board elects former teacher as president, after new members sworn in". Chalkbeat. Retrieved March 1, 2020.
  18. ^ Denver Public Schools. "Indicators of growth in enrollment, achievement and graduation 2005-06 to 2016-17" (PDF). Retrieved March 3, 2020.
  19. ^ Denver Children's Affairs, facts sheet Archived 2015-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ "Facts & Figures". Denver Public Schools. Archived from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
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