Sharpless 2-88 or Sh 2-88 is a region including the diffuse nebula Sh 2-88A and the two compact knots Sh 2-88B1 and Sh 2-88B2, all of which are associated with Vulpecula OB1.

Sharpless 2-88
Diffuse nebula
Sh2-88 Nebula from the Mount Lemmon SkyCenter Schulman Telescope
Observation data: Epoch J2000 epoch
SubtypeReflection/Emission[2]
Right ascension19h 45m 59s[1]
Declination25° 20' 00"[1]
Distance6,523 ly   (2400[3] pc)
Apparent dimensions (V)47 light years across
ConstellationVulpecula
Physical characteristics
Radius345 ly
Absolute magnitude (V)--
DesignationsLBN 139, The Face of God Nebula
See also: Lists of nebulae

Sh 2-88A is an HII-type diffuse nebula excited by the type O8 star BD+25°3952.[4] Both neutral and ionized gases in Sh 2-88 are between 150 and 410 solar masses and the dust mass is about 2 to 9 solar masses. The structure been interacting with a HI interstellar bubble shaped by the stellar winds of BD+25°3952 and the blue O8.5II(f) star BD +25°3866. Overall, its actual structure is located 2.4 kiloparsecs away, at 23 × 15 parsecs in radius. It has a dynamical age of 1.5 million years, and a mass of 1,300 solar masses. It has an rms electron density of 9 cm−3. All separate star forming regions are 1 arcminute in diameter.[5]

Nearby objects

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Sharpless 2-88 is the first part of this nebula to have created a star-forming region. It had star formation first start in this large diffuse nebula, which then spread to the other star-forming regions in the nebula. It spread to the compact Sharpless 2-88B1, then to the ultracompact Sharpless 2-88B2.

Sharpless 2-88B1 is a HII region ionized by an O8.5-9.5 V star, and is compact. It is also associated with a nearby star cluster that contains several massive stars.

Sharpless 2-88B2 is a HII region ionized by a star that is dimmer than B0.5 V, and is ultracompact.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b Rojas, Sebastián García. "Diffuse nebula Sh 2-88 - Diffuse Nebula in Vulpecula Constellation". Telescopius.
  2. ^ "Ionized Hydrogen Region Photographs | Descriptions | Sh 2-87, Sh 2-88, Vulpecula". Archived from the original on 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  3. ^ "Sh 2-88". galaxymap.org.
  4. ^ Cappa, C.; Pineault, S.; Arnal, E. M.; Cichowolski, S. (2002). "An H I interstellar bubble linked to the O-type stars BD +24or 3866 and BD +25or 3952" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 395: 955. Bibcode:2002A&A...395..955C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021304. S2CID 122708299.
  5. ^ "Sh2-88 HaRGB". bill snyder astrophotography.
  6. ^ "Sh 2-88". galaxymap.org. Retrieved 2017-04-03.