Protein serine/threonine phosphatase

The enzyme protein serine/threonine phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16; systematic name protein-serine/threonine-phosphate phosphohydrolase)[1] is a form of phosphoprotein phosphatase that acts upon phosphorylated serine/threonine residues:

protein-serine/threonine phosphatase
Protein serine/threonine phosphatase dodecamer, Human
Identifiers
EC no.3.1.3.16
CAS no.9025-75-6
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[a protein]-serine/threonine phosphate + H2O = [a protein]-serine/threonine + phosphate

Serine and threonine phosphates are stable under physiological conditions, so a phosphatase enzyme has to remove the phosphate to reverse the regulation signal. Ser/Thr-specific protein phosphatases are regulated partly by their location within the cell and by specific inhibitor proteins.

Serine and threonine are amino acids which have similar side-chain compositions that contain a hydroxyl group and thus can be phosphorylated by enzymes called serine/threonine protein kinases. The addition of the phosphate group can be reversed by enzymes called serine/threonine phosphatases. The addition and removal of phosphate groups regulates many cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), embryonic development, and cell differentiation.

Examples

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There are several known groups with numerous members in each:

(links are to the catalytic subunit)

References

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  1. ^ Shi Y (October 2009). "Serine/threonine phosphatases: mechanism through structure". Cell. 139 (3): 468–84. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.006. PMID 19879837.
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