Semyon Efimovich Desnitsky (Russian: Семён Ефимович Десницкий; c. 1740 in Nezhin, Russian Empire – June 26, 1789 in Moscow, Russian Empire) was a Russian legal scholar. He was known as a disciple of Adam Smith and introduced his ideas to the Russian public.[1][2] He was also the first academic to deliver his lectures in Russian language rather than in Latin.
Semyon Desnitsky | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1740 |
| Died | June 26, 1798 |
| Education | Doctor of Science (1767) |
| Alma mater | Imperial Moscow University (1760) |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Imperial Moscow University |
Biography
editDesnitsky was born in Nezhin, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). He was the second son of a meschanin, a member of the petty bourgeoisie. After a brief spell in the Trinity Lavra seminary, he attended Moscow University, starting in 1759. He went to continue his education at the University of Glasgow, where he studied with Adam Smith. In 1767, upon receiving a doctor of laws degree (LLD), he returned to Russia and was appointed professor of law at Moscow University.
Desnitsky was the first Russian professor to question the authority of Samuel von Pufendorf on legal matters and the first to introduce the doctrines of Adam Smith and David Hume to Russian students.[3][4] He also translated the works of Sir William Blackstone (Commentaries of the laws of England) and advocated equality of the sexes in family law.
Desnitsky pioneered the comparative approach to the study of law and regarded property as a cornerstone of every legal system. There was a great outcry over his rejection of Latin as the sole language of instruction; but Catherine II of Russia personally settled the issue in his favour.
Notes
edit- ^ Scott, W.R. (1937). Adam Smith as Student and Professor. Glasgow: Jackson Son & Co. pp. 158n. & 424 ff – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Raphael, D. D. (1985). Adam Smith. London and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 18 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Smith, Adam (1982). "Introduction". In Meek, R. L.; Raphael. D. D.; Stein, P. G. (eds.). Lectures on Jurisprudence. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. p. 27 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Smith, Adam (1976). Raphael, D.D.; Macfie A.L. (eds.). The Theory of Moral Sentiments (The Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence of Adam Smith). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 31–32.
References
edit- Brown A.H. (1977). "The Father of Russian Jurisprudence: The Legal Thought of S.E. Desnitskii". In William E. Butler (ed.). Russian Law: Historical and Political Perspectives. Berlin: Springer. pp. 117–41.
- Butler, William E. (2009). Russia and the Law of Nations in Historical Perspective: Collected Essays. London: Wildy, Simmonds & Hill. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-884445-42-2.
- Stein, Peter (1980). Legal Evolution: The Story of an Idea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0521108004.
- Taylor, Norman W. (1967). "Adam Smith's First Russian Disciple". The Slavonic and East European Review. 45 (105): 425–438. JSTOR 4205882. Retrieved 5 July 2024.