Sega is a video game developer, publisher, and hardware development company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with multiple offices around the world. The company's involvement in the arcade game industry began as a Japan-based distributor of coin-operated machines, including pinball games and jukeboxes.[1][2][3] Sega imported second-hand machines that required frequent maintenance. This necessitated the construction of replacement guns, flippers, and other parts for the machines. According to former Sega director Akira Nagai, this is what led to the company into developing their own games.[4]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sega_ST-V_Dynamite_Deka_PCB_20100324.jpg/240px-Sega_ST-V_Dynamite_Deka_PCB_20100324.jpg)
Sega released Pong-Tron, its first video-based game, in 1973.[5] The company prospered from the arcade game boom of the late 1970s, with revenues climbing to over US$100 million by 1979.[6] Nagai has stated that Hang-On and Out Run helped to pull the arcade game market out of the 1983 downturn and created new genres of video games.[4]
In terms of arcades, Sega is the world's most prolific arcade game producer, having developed more than 500 games, 70 franchises, and 20 arcade system boards since 1981. It has been recognized by Guinness World Records for this achievement.[7] The following list comprises the various arcade system boards developed and used by Sega in their arcade games.
Arcade system boards
editBefore Lindbergh, Sega arcade hardware was either proprietary or built on gaming console architecture. Nowadays, arcade hardware closely resembles gaming PCs, with recent models even incorporating embedded versions of Microsoft Windows.
Arcade board | Notes | Notable games and release years |
---|---|---|
Dual[8][9] |
|
|
G80[11][12] |
|
|
VCO Object |
|
|
Laserdisc |
|
|
System 1 / System 2 |
|
|
Super Scaler |
| |
System E |
|
|
System 16 / System 18 |
|
|
OutRun |
| |
X Board |
|
|
System 24 |
|
|
Y Board |
| |
Mega-Tech / Mega Play |
|
|
System C | ||
System 32 |
| |
Model 1 |
|
|
Model 2 |
|
|
Sega Titan-Video (ST-V) |
|
|
Model 3 |
|
|
NAOMI |
|
|
Hikaru |
|
|
NAOMI 2 |
|
|
Triforce |
|
|
Chihiro |
| |
SystemSP |
|
|
Lindbergh |
| |
Europa-R |
| |
RingEdge / RingWide / RingEdge 2 |
|
|
Nu |
|
|
ALLS |
|
Additional arcade hardware
editSega has developed and released additional arcade games that use technology other than their dedicated arcade system boards. The first arcade game manufactured by Sega was Periscope, an electromechanical game. This was followed by Missile in 1969.[189] Subsequent video-based games such as Pong-Tron (1973), Fonz (1976), and Monaco GP (1979) used discrete logic boards without a CPU microprocessor.[190] Frogger (1981) used a system powered by two Z80 CPU microprocessors.[191] Some titles, such as Zaxxon (1982) were developed externally from Sega, a practice that was not uncommon at the time.[192]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Horowitz, Ken (2018). The Sega Arcade Revolution, A History in 62 Games. McFarland & Company. pp. 3–6. ISBN 9781476631967.
- ^ "Sega and Utamatic Purchase Assets of Service Games". Billboard. 5 September 1960. p. 71. ISSN 0006-2510.
- ^ "Service Games Inc. Bought By Sega and Uta Matic". Cashbox. Vol. 21, no. 51. 3 September 1960. p. 52. ISSN 0008-7289.
- ^ a b Famitsu DC (15 February 2002). Interview: Akira Nagai — SEGA REPRESENTATIVE. Famitsu Books (in Japanese). Enterbrain. pp. 20–23. ISBN 9784757707900.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) (Translation by Shmuplations. Archived 2020-08-07 at the Wayback Machine). - ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 14-16
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 21-23
- ^ "Most prolific producer of arcade machines". Guinness World Records. Jim Pattison Group. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014.
- ^ "The Arcade Flyer Archive - Video Game Flyers: Dual, Gremlin-Sega". flyers.arcade-museum.com.
- ^ "ヘッドオン". Sega Interactive. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, p. 24-26
- ^ "The Arcade Flyer Archive - Video Game Flyers: Battle Star, Sega-Gremlin". flyers.arcade-museum.com.
- ^ "スペースオデッセイ". Sega Interactive. Archived from the original on 24 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Sega/Gremlin Introduces 'Convert-A-Game' At Annual Distributor Meeting In La Costa". Cashbox. 4 July 1981. pp. 41–42.
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 31-35
- ^ Adlum, Eddie (November 1985). "The Replay Years: Reflections from Eddie Adlum". RePlay. Vol. 11, no. 2. pp. 134-175 (160-3).
- ^ "The Replay Years: Video Systems". RePlay. Vol. 11, no. 2. November 1985. pp. 128, 130.
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 43-46
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 65-69
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 56-58
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 52-54
- ^ a b "Overseas Readers Column: Sega's Astron Belt Will Be Shipped Soon" (PDF). Game Machine. No. 211. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 May 1983. p. 30.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 71-74
- ^ a b Adlum, Eddie (November 1985). "The Replay Years: Reflections from Eddie Adlum". RePlay. Vol. 11, no. 2. pp. 134-175 (168-70).
- ^ a b c d e Horowitz 2018, pp. 120, 131
- ^ ""Somber" JAMMA Show Hosts Five Laser Disc Games" (PDF). Cash Box. 15 October 1983. pp. 32, 34.
- ^ "Best Hit Games 25" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 251. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 January 1985. p. 37.
- ^ "wadai masin" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 251. Amusement Press, Inc. 3 March 1984. p. 25.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 184-187
- ^ "Overseas Readers Column: Sega Develops Movie Simulator "AS-1"" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 419. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 February 1992. p. 26.
- ^ a b "Sega's Wild Ride". Wired. April 1993. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ Horowitz, Ken (21 October 2016). Playing at the Next Level: A History of American Sega Games. McFarland & Company. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7864-9994-6.
- ^ Williams, Leah J. (2 June 2021). "New Reports Have Everyone Fired Up For A Sega World Return". Kotaku Australia. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "SC-3000". sega.jp (in Japanese). Sega. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 81-84
- ^ Sato, Hideki; Famitsu DC (15 February 2002). Interview: The Witness of History. Famitsu Books (in Japanese). Enterbrain. pp. 22–25. ISBN 978-4-75770789-4.
{{cite book}}
:|work=
ignored (help) (Translation by Shmuplations. Archived 2020-08-14 at the Wayback Machine). - ^ a b Horowitz 2018, p. 77, 91
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 108-109
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 106-108
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp.124-125
- ^ a b c d e f Horowitz 2018, pp. 92-97
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 100-102
- ^ a b c d e Horowitz 2018, pp. 102-106
- ^ Fahs, Travis (21 April 2009). "IGN Presents the History of SEGA - IGN - Page 3". IGN. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ a b Sato (18 September 2013). "Sega's Original Hardware Developer Talks About The Company's Past Consoles". Siliconera. Curse LLC. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ^ Sczepaniak, John (August 2006). "Retroinspection: Mega Drive". Retro Gamer. No. 27. Imagine Publishing. pp. 42–47. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 – via Sega-16.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, p. 114
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 126-127
- ^ a b c d e f Horowitz 2018, pp. 132-134
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, p. 148
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 174-177
- ^ "Video Game Flyers: Shadow Dancer, Sega (Japan)". The Arcade Flyer Archive. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
- ^ "Leadership: Sega USA does it again with 'Line of Fire' and some hot kits". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 4. January 1990. pp. 23–6.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, p. 171
- ^ The One. No. 36. emap Images. September 1991. p. 96.
- ^ a b Grazza, Brian (October 5, 2017). "OutRun". Hardcore Gaming 101. Kurt Kalata. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017.
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 112-114
- ^ Mielke, James (2012). "The Disappearance of Yu Suzuki, Part 1". 1Up.com. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 118-119
- ^ "Sega-16.com: History of The OutRun series". Archived from the original on 14 January 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Turbo Out Run". The Arcade Flyer Archive.
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 144-145
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 141-144
- ^ Horowitz 2018, p. 173
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 137-140
- ^ a b c d e Horowitz 2018, pp. 151-152
- ^ a b c d "ACME: New Product Review". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 7. April 1990. pp. 50–60.
- ^ a b c Horowitz 2018, pp. 165-168
- ^ "ACME: New Product Review". RePlay. Vol. 15, no. 7. April 1990. pp. 50–80.
- ^ a b c Horowitz 2018, p. 182
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 187-190
- ^ "Overseas Readers Column: Sega's R & D Shows "System 32" Board" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 388. Amusement Press, Inc. 15 September 1990. p. 22.
- ^ "Rad Mobile (Registration Number PA0000606075)". United States Copyright Office. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ "F1 Exhaust Note - Videogame by Sega". Killer List of Videogames. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ^ "Golden Axe: The Revenge of Death Adder". Killer List of Video Games. The International Arcade Museum. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 190-193
- ^ Sega Arcade History (in Japanese). Enterbrain. p. 123.
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 193-197
- ^ a b c Horowitz 2018, pp.229-233
- ^ a b c "Sega Enterprises Ltd". Real3D. Lockheed Martin. 1996. Archived from the original on 2 January 1997. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Second Hand Smoke - One up, two down". Tom's Hardware Guide. Tom's Hardware. 22 October 1999. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ "Sega's Riding High: big sales for 'Virtua Racing' signal new era for Sega & the biz; Tom Petit & Ken Anderson explain how hi-tech is remaking coin-op". RePlay. Vol. 18, no. 4. January 1993. pp. 75–83.
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 198-204
- ^ "Sega's Riding High: big sales for 'Virtua Racing' signal new era for Sega & the biz; Tom Petit & Ken Anderson explain how hi-tech is remaking coin-op". RePlay. Vol. 18, no. 4. January 1993. pp. 75–83.
- ^ "Pedal To The Metal: Sega Set To Speed, Swing, Sidekick Into The 1990s With New Fall Line". Vending Times. Vol. 29, no. 10. August 1989. pp. 52–5.
- ^ "Star Wars Aracde". The Arcade Flyer Archive. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, p. 180
- ^ "US defense corp. holds key to Sega's plans". Next Generation. November 1995. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ "Overseas Readers Column: Sega, GE Tie-Up On CG Technology" (PDF). Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 438. Amusement Press, Inc. 1–15 November 1992. p. 30.
- ^ "News Digest: Future Sega Simulators to Use Super Hi-Tech From GE". RePlay. Vol. 18, no. 3. December 1992. p. 30.
- ^ Fahs, Travis (21 April 2009). "IGN Presents the History of SEGA - IGN - Page 8". IGN. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 203-206
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 206-210
- ^ a b Webb, Marcus (June 1996). "Sega Model 2 Technology Licensed to Data East, Jaleco, and Tecmo". Next Generation. No. 18. Imagine Media. p. 26.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 204-206
- ^ Horowitz 2018, p. 212
- ^ Horowitz 2018, p. 215
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 217-220
- ^ Horowitz 2018, p. 220
- ^ "セガ、PS3/Xbox 360「MODEL2 COLLECTION」". Game Watch (in Japanese). November 16, 2012. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- ^ "AOU". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 93. Ziff Davis. April 1997. p. 79.
- ^ a b c d Horowitz 2018, pp. 222-226
- ^ "Overseas Reader Column: Sega Introduces "Titan" Coin-Op System Board" (PDF). Game Machine. No. 471. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 May 1994. p. 26.
- ^ "Virtua Fighter Remix". Next Generation. No. 12. Imagine Media. December 1995. p. 209.
- ^ "US defense corp. holds key to Sega's plans". Next Generation. No. 11. November 1995. pp. 12–14.
- ^ "Model 3: Sega Affirms Arcade Supremacy". Next Generation. No. 17. Imagine Media. May 1996. pp. 12–18.
- ^ "News: Virtua Fighter 3". Computer and Video Games (174): 10–1. May 1996.
- ^ a b Horowitz 2018, pp. 233-237
- ^ Lenoir, Tim (2000). "All but War Is Simulation: The Military-Entertainment Complex" (PDF). Configurations. 8 (3): 289–335 (317). doi:10.1353/con.2000.0022.
- ^ "NG Alphas: Virtua Fighter 3". Next Generation. No. 22. Imagine Media. October 1996. p. 108.
- ^ a b "Sega Model 3 Pinout Class". Killer List of Videogames. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 237-240
- ^ "Star Wars Trilogy Aracde". The Arcade Flyer Archive. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
- ^ a b Ohbuchi, Yutaka (September 17, 1998). "How Naomi Got Its Groove On". GameSpot. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
- ^ Fahs, Travis (9 September 2010). "IGN Presents the History of Dreamcast". IGN. Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Hagiwara, Shiro; Oliver, Ian (November–December 1999). "Sega Dreamcast: Creating a Unified Entertainment World". IEEE Micro. 19 (6): 29–35. doi:10.1109/40.809375.
- ^ "NAOMI: New Arcade Board System" (PDF). Sega. 1998. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ^ "NEC and VideoLogic Power Up". Edge. January 1999. p. 11.
- ^ Sega Naomi service manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD. MANUAL NO. 420-6455-01, p. 7
- ^ Sega Naomi GD-ROM system service manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, INC. USA. MANUAL NO. 420-6620-02, p. 12, 16, 22 Naomi in this configuration has no ROM board to run a game from
- ^ Sega Strike Fighter DX (9/1 ver) DGM-0095 schematic. Sega enterprises ltd. (Mentions Naomi slave, Naomi master and game boards) segaretro.org/images/4/43/SegaStrikeFighter_NAOMI_US_DigitalWiringDiagram_Deluxe.pdf
- ^ Sega Strike Fighter DX type Owner's manual, SEGA ENTERPRISES, INC. USA. MANUAL NO. 420-6589-01 segaretro.org/File:SegaStrikeFighter_NAOMI_US_Manual_Deluxe.pdf mentions Naomi boards, Naomi multi master and Naomi multi slave, and a game BD on p. 128, and a photo with a 3 board design (each with two white edge connectors on the same side, not including a ROM board on top, nor a midplane) on p. 89.
- ^ Airline Pilots DX Type Owner's manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD. MANUAL NO. 420-6471-01 uses the same 3 board design on p. 72. Mentions a Naomi board on p.10. segaretro.org/images/c/c8/AirlinePilots_NAOMI_Manual_Deluxe.pdf
- ^ Sega F355 challenge Owner's manual. SEGA ENTERPRISES, INC. USA. MANUAL NO. 4201-6507-01 segaretro.org/File:F355Challenge_NAOMI_US_Manual_Deluxe.pdf shows 4 boards on p. 72, each with two white edge connectors and "Naomi board" on p. 10 and "NAOMI MULTI MASTER" and "NAOMI MULTI SLAVE" on p.137. "F355 Challenge". The Arcade Flyer Archive. mentions 4 Naomi systems.
- ^ McFerran, Damien (16 April 2015). "Hardware Classics: Sega Dreamcast". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ Horowitz, Ken (22 June 2018). The Sega Arcade Revolution: A History in 62 Games. McFarland & Company. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-4766-7225-0.
- ^ "House Of The Dead 2". Killer List of Videogames. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ Horowitz 2018, pp. 240-242
- ^ a b c "Sega Naomi Original Pinout Class". Killer List of Videogames. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ "DERBY OWNERS CLUB(ダービーオーナーズクラブ) – 株式会社セガ". セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー|株式会社セガ (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "F355 Challenge". The Arcade Flyer Archive.
- ^ Souppouris, Aaron (23 August 2019). "Sega is becoming its weird and wonderful self again". Engadget. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
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- ^ a b c d e Horowitz 2018, pp. 242-244
- ^ a b c d "NASCAR Arcade". Edge. No. 90. November 2000. p. 67.
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- ^ NASCAR Arcade Deluxe Edition Owner's Manual. Sega. 2000. p. 33.
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- ^ a b c "NAOMI 2: Sega reveals its next gen arcade hardware". DC-UK. No. 16. December 2000. p. 41.
- ^ a b "Sega Announces NAOMI2 Next Generation Arcade Systems Using Imagination Technologies' PowerVR Graphics Architecture". PowerVR. 11 January 2001. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
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- ^ Namco. (n.d.). Maximum Tune Operators Manual. Namco UK. Retrieved March 15, 2024, from https://www.progettosnaps.net/manuals/pdf/wangmid.pdf. Page 101 clearly shows the Main Sega Chihiro unit.
- ^ "セガネットワーク対戦麻雀MJ3 – 株式会社セガ". セガ・アーケードゲームヒストリー|株式会社セガ (in Japanese). Retrieved 28 December 2023.
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- ^ a b "Dinosaur King" owner's manual. Sega. p. 36.
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