SCN2A

Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN2A gene. Functional sodium channels contain an ion conductive alpha subunit and one or more regulatory beta subunits. Sodium channels which contain sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha are sometimes called Na_v1.2 channels.

SCN2A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2KAV, 4JPZ
Identifiers
Aliases	SCN2A, BFIC3, BFIS3, BFNIS, EIEE11, HBA, HBSCI, HBSCII, NAC2, Na(v)1.2, Nav1.2, SCN2A1, SCN2A2, sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2, DEE11, EA9
External IDs	OMIM: 182390; MGI: 98248; HomoloGene: 75001; GeneCards: SCN2A; OMA:SCN2A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) Band 2q24.3 Start 165,194,993 bp End 165,392,310 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse) Band 2 C1.3|2 38.61 cM Start 65,451,115 bp End 65,597,791 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in middle temporal gyrus Brodmann area 23 cerebellar vermis entorhinal cortex cerebellar hemisphere parietal lobe postcentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus right hemisphere of cerebellum endothelial cell Top expressed in piriform cortex lobe of cerebellum cerebellar vermis primary motor cortex amygdala anterior amygdaloid area dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus subiculum cingulate gyrus ventromedial nucleus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function sodium channel activity voltage-gated ion channel activity ion channel activity voltage-gated sodium channel activity Cellular component voltage-gated sodium channel complex integral component of membrane membrane intrinsic component of plasma membrane sodium channel complex plasma membrane node of Ranvier integral component of plasma membrane intracellular anatomical structure intercalated disc T-tubule axon paranode region of axon glutamatergic synapse integral component of presynaptic membrane Biological process membrane depolarization during action potential sodium ion transport regulation of ion transmembrane transport ion transport transmembrane transport myelination neuronal action potential sodium ion transmembrane transport nervous system development intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress neuron apoptotic process memory cellular response to hypoxia Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6326 110876 Ensembl ENSG00000136531 ENSMUSG00000075318 UniProt Q99250 B1AWN6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001040142 NM_001040143 NM_021007 NM_001371246 NM_001371247 NM_001099298 NM_001346679 NM_001346680 RefSeq (protein) NP_001035232 NP_001035233 NP_066287 NP_001358175 NP_001358176 NP_001092768 NP_001333608 NP_001333609 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 165.19 – 165.39 Mb Chr 2: 65.45 – 65.6 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

Voltage-gated sodium channels are transmembrane glycoprotein complexes composed of a large alpha subunit with four domains including 24 transmembrane segments and one or more regulatory beta subunits. They are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle. This gene encodes one member of the sodium channel alpha subunit gene family. It is heterogeneously expressed in the brain, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several seizure disorders. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been implicated in cases of autism, infantile spasms, bitemporal glucose hypometabolism, and bipolar disorder.

See also

• paralytic - SCN2A ortholog in Drosophila

Further reading

• Catterall WA, Goldin AL, Waxman SG (2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated sodium channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 397–409. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.4. PMID 16382098. S2CID 7332624.
• Lu CM, Han J, Rado TA, Brown GB (1992). "Differential expression of two sodium channel subtypes in human brain". FEBS Lett. 303 (1): 53–8. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80476-W. PMID 1317301. S2CID 29330026.
• Ahmed CM, Ware DH, Lee SC, et al. (1992). "Primary structure, chromosomal localization, and functional expression of a voltage-gated sodium channel from human brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (17): 8220–4. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.8220A. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8220. PMC 49889. PMID 1325650.
• Han JA, Lu CM, Brown GB, Rado TA (1991). "Direct amplification of a single dissected chromosomal segment by polymerase chain reaction: a human brain sodium channel gene is on chromosome 2q22-q23". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (2): 335–9. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88..335H. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.2.335. PMC 50805. PMID 1846440.
• Litt M, Luty J, Kwak M, et al. (1989). "Localization of a human brain sodium channel gene (SCN2A) to chromosome 2". Genomics. 5 (2): 204–8. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(89)90047-5. PMID 2571571.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Lu CM, Eichelberger JS, Beckman ML, et al. (1999). "Isolation of the 5'-flanking region for human brain sodium channel subtype II alpha-subunit". J. Mol. Neurosci. 11 (3): 179–82. doi:10.1385/JMN:11:3:179. PMID 10344788. S2CID 33328638.
• Baulac S, Gourfinkel-An I, Picard F, et al. (2000). "A Second Locus for Familial Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus Maps to Chromosome 2q21-q33". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 65 (4): 1078–85. doi:10.1086/302593. PMC 1288241. PMID 10486327.
• Schade SD, Brown GB (2001). "Identifying the promoter region of the human brain sodium channel subtype II gene (SCN2A)". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 81 (1–2): 187–90. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00145-5. PMID 11000491.
• Kasai N, Fukushima K, Ueki Y, et al. (2001). "Genomic structures of SCN2A and SCN3A - candidate genes for deafness at the DFNA16 locus". Gene. 264 (1): 113–22. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00594-1. PMID 11245985.
• Malacarne M, Gennaro E, Madia F, et al. (2001). "Benign Familial Infantile Convulsions: Mapping of a Novel Locus on Chromosome 2q24 and Evidence for Genetic Heterogeneity". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68 (6): 1521–6. doi:10.1086/320596. PMC 1226140. PMID 11326335.
• Sugawara T, Tsurubuchi Y, Agarwala KL, et al. (2001). "A missense mutation of the Na+ channel αII subunit gene Nav1.2 in a patient with febrile and afebrile seizures causes channel dysfunction". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (11): 6384–9. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.6384S. doi:10.1073/pnas.111065098. PMC 33477. PMID 11371648.
• Heron SE, Crossland KM, Andermann E, et al. (2002). "Sodium-channel defects in benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures". Lancet. 360 (9336): 851–2. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09968-3. PMID 12243921. S2CID 6105850.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Weiss LA, Escayg A, Kearney JA, et al. (2003). "Sodium channels SCN1A, SCN2A and SCN3A in familial autism". Mol. Psychiatry. 8 (2): 186–94. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001241. PMID 12610651. S2CID 16606651.
• Yu FH, Westenbroek RE, Silos-Santiago I, et al. (2003). "Sodium channel beta4, a new disulfide-linked auxiliary subunit with similarity to beta2". J. Neurosci. 23 (20): 7577–85. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-20-07577.2003. PMC 6740763. PMID 12930796.
• McEwen DP, Meadows LS, Chen C, et al. (2004). "Sodium channel beta1 subunit-mediated modulation of Nav1.2 currents and cell surface density is dependent on interactions with contactin and ankyrin". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (16): 16044–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400856200. PMID 14761957.
• Kamiya K, Kaneda M, Sugawara T, et al. (2004). "A nonsense mutation of the sodium channel gene SCN2A in a patient with intractable epilepsy and mental decline". J. Neurosci. 24 (11): 2690–8. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3089-03.2004. PMC 6729532. PMID 15028761.
• Berkovic SF, Heron SE, Giordano L, et al. (2004). "Benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures: characterization of a new sodium channelopathy". Ann. Neurol. 55 (4): 550–7. doi:10.1002/ana.20029. PMID 15048894. S2CID 11604421.
• Pereira S, Vieira JP, Barroca F, et al. (2004). "Severe epilepsy, retardation, and dysmorphic features with a 2q deletion including SCN1A and SCN2A". Neurology. 63 (1): 191–2. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000132844.20654.c1. PMID 15249644. S2CID 38453487.

External links

Patient Organizations

The SCN2A Foundation

SCN2A Asia Pacific

SCN2A Germany e. V.

• SCN2A+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q99250 (Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.